Johnius Dussumieri Research Articles

Description of the Life Cycle Stages of the Parasitic Cymothoid, Cymothoa indica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, and Its Prevalence in Commercial Fishes from Chilika Lagoon, India.

To study the morphology of all the life stages and the life cycle of the parasitic isopod Cymothoa indicaSchioedte and Meinert, 1884, and its prevalence in different commercial fishes in the Chilika Lagoon, India. From April 2021 to December 2022, different life stages of the said parasites were collected from five different fish species from four localities of the Chilika Lagoon. The parasites were carefully removed from the host with a pair of forceps and then identified following standard literature and description. The morphology of all life stages, life cycle, and prevalence of the isopod C. indica were carried out as per the standard protocol. A total of 1252 host fishes were analysed. The total prevalence was 44.5%. The host with the highest prevalence of C. indica was Glossogobius giuris, with 58.79% of the hosts parasitized by at least one parasite individual. Followed by the host Datnoides polota (50.98%), Johnius dussumieri (46.25%), Etroplus suratensis (28.45%) and the least prevalence was in Lates calcarifer (14.70%). The description of the life stages is based on the observation of 523 females, 116 males, 46 Juveniles, and 50 embryonic stages of the said parasites. The description of all the life stages and life cycles certainly helps to identify this species with clarity and ease in understanding the species' biology. In future, this study may be helpful in the effective management towards the improvement of aquaculture productivity.

The Diversity of Fish Larvae in the Bons Sinais Estuary (Mozambique) and Its Role as a Nursery to Marine Fish Resources

The study of assemblages of fish in their early phases in estuaries is an essential approach to understanding the functioning of these types of ecosystems and their role as nursery grounds for some marine fish species. The main aim of this study was to analyze the ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Bons Sinais Estuary, specifically to clarify the use of this area by species of socio-economic interest. This study identified 22 fish larval taxa among families, genera, and species. Gobiidae (54%), a group of resident species, dominated the community. The larval taxa of socio-economic importance (Thryssa sp., Clupeidae, Sillago sihama, Johnius dussumieri, Pellona ditchela, Pomadasys kaakan, Cichlidae, and Mugilidae) accounted for 23% of the total abundance. Larval density (N°/100 m3) varied spatially and temporally, with higher density and diversity values both in the middle zone and in the wet season. Multivariate analyses revealed that salinity, temperature, and water transparency had a strong influence on larval abundance and density. While most fish larvae were in the post-flexion stage, there was a predominance of pre-flexion larvae in the lower estuary and in the post-flexion stage in the middle and upper zones, especially for marine fish resources, showing the role of this estuarine habitat as a nursery area.

Stock Assessment of Sin Croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) Fishery by Different Production Model Approach from Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India

The present study aims to analyze the exploitation status of the sin croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) fishery from Tamil Nadu, India waters. Annual catch and effort data were reconstructed from 2001 to 2020 and analyzed with different surplus production models using Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA), Catch-based MSY (CMSY) and the Bayesian state-space implementation of the Schaefer production Model (BSM). The result of biological reference points such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY), relative stock size (B/BMSY) and relative exploitation rate (F/FMSY) from CEDA was 1,746 metric tonnes (MT), 0.93 and 1.11 respectively. However, CMSY and BSM models estimated MSY, B/BMSY and F/FMSY at 1,650 MT, 0.74 and 1.28 respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that the sin croaker fishery of Tamil Nadu, which was healthy during its initial stage distorted to overfishing status. Therefore, the present study recommends a reduction in fishing efforts and the implementation of conservation measures for better management and sustainable exploitation of the fishery.

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts and gills of croaker fish (Johnius dussumieri) from off Mumbai coastal waters of India

The present study was conducted to establish the intensity of microplastic pollution in demersal fish species, Johnius dussumieri, from the north eastern coastal waters of the Arabian sea. MP recovered were analysed for size, morphology, colour, and polymer type. The study results indicated that the GI tract and gills of individual fishes had 6.6 ± 1.7 and 6.2 ± 1.7 items, respectively. The microplastics having a size of <100 μm consisting of beads were found to be most predominant. Black and blue were the most present colours of microplastic in the tissues. Among the different studied months, a higher number of MP incidence was observed in the post monsoon period. There is no significant correlation observed between the microplastic numbers in gills and guts tissue. The present study shows that there is a potential risk of microplastic bioaccumulation in the fish body and subsequent risk to the consumers and organisms sharing the food chain.

Biological aspects of fish species from subsistence fisheries in “Bons Sinais” estuary, Mozambique

Knowledge on biological aspects of commercially exploited fish is an important tool for assessing and managing of data-poor fisheries. In this study, we have collected information on biological aspects of commercial fish species, namely in the Bons Sinais estuary (BSE), Mozambique. Fish species were caught using a beach seine and a traditional fishing gear known as Chicocota, both used by local fishing communities for subsistence fisheries. The results revealed that most specimens caught were juveniles and below the size at first maturity. In general, mean body height (BH) estimated across all species (2.24 cm) was below the minimum mesh size established by Mozambique Fisheries Law (3.8 cm). Estimated W–L regression analysis were statistically significant with the coefficient of determination (r2) explaining from 91 to 98% of the variance. The allometric coefficient b ranged from 2.728 (Stolephorus indicus) to 3.357 (Johnius dussumieri). All the species exhibited positive or isometric allometric growth, except S. indicus, which exhibited negative growth. This study provides new information that can be used to enhance sustainable fishery management in data-poor fisheries.

Population dynamics of bearded croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) from Pakistani waters

In this study the length frequency data of 2510 bearded croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830), collected from the coast of Pakistan during 2015, were analysed. Total length of the specimens (male and female combined) varied from 4 to 25 cm with dominant individuals ranged between 12 and 15 cm whereas the body weight varied between 3 and 155 g. The length frequency data were analysed for the estimation of population dynamics and the power coefficient b of length weight relationship was estimated as 2.83. Other measurements were as follows: asymptotic length, L∞ = 26.25 cm; growth coefficient, K = 1.00 year–1; total mortality, Z = 2.43 year–1; and natural mortality, M = 1.82 year–1. The fishing mortality (F) and exploitation ratio (E) were 0.61 year–1 and 0.251 respectively. The Biological Reference Points (BRPs) with Gulland method for this fishery (Fopt) was estimated 1.82 year–1 which is higher than current fish mortality. Therefore the present study shows that the J. dussumieri fishery is safe in Pakistan.

Characterization of antioxidant and surface-active properties of gelatin hydrolysates obtained from croaker fish skin

In this study, antioxidant and surface-active properties of gelatin hydrolysates (GH) were evaluated. Gelatin obtained from croaker fish (Johnius dussumieri) skin was hydrolysed by the application of visceral proteases extracted from gastrointestinal (GI) tract of two freshwater fish species rohu (Labeo rohita)and catla (Catla catla). The resultant GH was designated as ‘gelatin hydrolysate-rohu protease’ (GH-RP) and ‘gelatin hydrolysate-catla protease’ (GH-CP). Surface-active properties (foaming and emulsion) of GH-RP were significantly higher than GH-CP at concentrations studied (P 10 kDa, 5-10 kDa, 3-5 kDa, 1-3 kDa and 50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity of fraction 1-3 kDa from GH-RP and fraction

A Comparative Study on the Quality Changes of Croaker (Johnius dussumieri) Fish Stored in Slurry Ice and Flake Ice

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the effect of storage in slurry ice compared to conventional flake ice (control) on the quality of croaker (Johnius dussumieri) fish was evaluated. Biochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed. Total volatile base nitrogen, trimethylamine nitrogen, and pH values were lower for fish stored in slurry ice than in control. Similarly, aerobic plate count and Pseudomonas sp. count were also found at lower population levels in fish stored in slurry ice. Texture profile analysis revealed that fish stored in slurry ice showed improved texture. Based on the microbiological and sensory analysis, the shelf life of croaker fish stored in slurry ice was 15 days.

Interaction of oceanography patterns towards the abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and ichthyoplankton in teluk penyu waters of Cilacap

Coastal waters of Teluk Penyu-Cilacap district is an enlarging area for many species of fish larvae. The waters is directly influenced by the physical, chemical and biological of Indian Ocean patterns. Fish communities inhabit in gulf waters to take advantage of the high productivity in the coastal waters to support their livelihoods. The gulf area is usually associate with other productive ecosystems i.e. rivers that empties into it and mangrove forests. The study aim is to analyze the influence of oceanography pattern to the existence of ichthyoplankton [fish larvae] inhabit at Teluk Penyu waters of Cilacap district. Sampling is conducted monthly from April - June 2009 at 3 sites. The sites were set 1 mile of distance from coastline at Teluk Penyu Cilacap, PPSC and RSPC waters. Fish larvae were collected using larvae net mesh size 0.5 mm and 75 cm mouth diameter and phytoplankton and zooplankton are collected using plankton net . Larvae net was towed on the surface of the waters using a motorized boat with a speed 1 knot. Data were analyzed statistically based on Principal Components Analysis/PCA. 30 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton species were identified from the waters. The species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were obtained difference species at each site. The highest abundance of phytoplankton were species of Chaetoceros and the abundance of zooplankton from the highest subsequence are species of Coelosphaerium dubium and Platydorina. The highest of relative abundance of ichthyoplankton in Teluk Penyu tourism waters was obtained 41,463% of the crawfish [Crumrnophthalmus spp.], followed by pheasant fish [Auriglobus nefastus] 8.53667%, and swordfish (Chirocentrus dorab spp.) 2.439%, and fish beloso [Tumbilic saurida] and gulamah fish (Johnius dussumieri) which are 1.2195%. The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton associated to ichthyoplankton abundance. The Southern of Teluk Penyu gulf waters was highest abundance area of ichthyoplankton.

Bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of fresh meat from fish, squid, and shrimp: A comparative study

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of croaker fish (Johnius dussumieri), Indian squid (Loligo duvaucelii), and white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in fresh condition. The n-3 fatty acids were slightly higher in croaker fish (14.91 %) compared to that in Indian squid (13.59 %) and white leg shrimp (13.02 %). The solubility and viscosity of croaker fish proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) lower as compared to shrimp and squid proteins, while the emulsion capacity was higher for squid proteins. The histological study of squid muscles revealed a unique and strong arrangement of myofibrils. Dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of fresh meat of croaker fish and white leg shrimp revealed that transition from sol to gel took place between 48°C to 65°C and 39.93°C to 64.30°C, respectively, while in case of Indian squid, gel formation (increase in G’) progressed mainly in two steps: the first step at low temperature range of 5–28.41°C and the second step over 45°C. Along with this, gel breakdown occurred in the range of 28–45°C. Our study suggested that the temperature range for sol to gel transformation differs from species to species considerably and hence, a specific temperature range may be determined to have maximum gelling ability for every fish species used as raw material for gel-based formulations.

Utilization of croaker (Johnius dussumieri) to develop ready to eat puff snack product using extrusion technology

An attempt was made to develop nutrient rich extruded product from underutilized protein rich fish flour Croaker ( Johnius dussumieri ) with mixture of cereal flours using twin screw extruder. Ready to eat snack was developed using fish flour (12%, 15%, 18% and 21 %) mixed withmixture of rice, corn and soybean flour and taste enhancer. Extrusion cooking formulation consisting of fish flour and cereals mixture were extruded at moisture content 15 per cent, screw speed 480 rpm, sectional barrel temperature of 30o, 60o, 130o and 160oC at four stages and 2 mm diameter of die. Extruded product was friedin edible oil.The resulting extrudedwas analyzed for physical characteristic, texture profile, proximate composition,microbiological analysissensory acceptability.Among the different blends studied, the most acceptable were T 3 (with 18 % fish flour) with the best performance in terms of quality and acceptability.This research demonstrated that fish flour at 18 per cent can be successfully incorporated into mixture of cereal flours for extrusion and develop a 19.88 per cent protein rich ready to eat snack food with good storage stability at ambient temperature.

Philometra johnii sp. nov. (Nematoda, Philometridae), a new gonad-infecting philometrid from the sin croaker Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from marine waters of Iraq

A new nematode species, Philometra johnii sp. nov. (Philometridae), is described from male and female specimens found in the ovary of the sin croaker, Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae), in the Arabian Gulf, off the southern coast of Iraq. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, the new species differs from all other gonad-infecting Philometra spp. with dorsal lamella-like structures on the distal tip of the gubernaculum in having a dorsal bipartite protuberance formed by two subdorsal lamellated parts separated from each other by a smooth longitudinal field. This gubernaculum structure is unique among all philometrids. Other distinguishing features include the structure of the male tail, number (6 pairs) and arrangement of genital papillae and the length of spicules (102-153 μm). From eight congeneric, gonad-infecting species with unknown males, the new species can be distinguished by some morphological and biometrical features found in gravid females (absence of caudal projections, length of oesophagus, moderately developed anterior oesophageal inflation, length of first-stage larvae) by the host type (fish family) and geographical distribution. Philometra johnii sp. nov. is the fourth known philometrid species recorded from marine waters of Iraq.

Proximate Composition of Three Commercially Available Marine Dry Fishes (Harpodon nehereus, Johnius dussumieri and Lepturacanthus savala)

Dry fish is very common and low cost food stuff among the South-east Asian people. The nutritional aspect of dry fish is higher than the fresh fish. Dry fish is not only consumed by human but also used in fish and poultry feed formulation. The general purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition of three available marine dry fishes namely Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus), Sin croaker (Johnius dussumieri) and Ribbonfish (Lepturacanthus savala). Major nutrient compositions like protein, lipid, carbohydrate, moisture and ash were estimated in two different season, winter and monsoon , respectively. The results of this study is revealed that the mean percentages of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture content of these species ranged between 52.44-71.32, 4.92-8.64, 0-3.71, 4.68-6.72 and 14.15-33.28%, respectively. The protein and lipid content were found relatively higher in amount from the dry fish samples collected in winter season compare with monsoon season. Negative correlations were found between moisture and protein content of most of the dry fish species collected in monsoon season (r = -0.98; r = -0.96, and r = -0.95, p<0.05 for Bombay duck, Sin croaker and Ribbonfish, respectively). However, the findings are showed that marine dry fishes are highly nutritive and could be a substitute of other protein sources such as fresh fish, chicken, beef etc.

Detection of health hazard insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in some common marine dry fish samples from Bangladesh

Objectives: The general purpose of this study is to detection and determination of the concentration level of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in some commercially available marine dry fishes and to investigate the contamination status of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) of these dry fishes. Methods: Samples were collected from six largest dry fish markets (three from Chittagong district and three from Cox’s Bazar district) and four types of dry fishes were taken in this study are Ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savala), Sin Croaker (Johnius dussumieri), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and Shrimp (mixed species). Total numbers of samples were 24 that were analyzed in the laboratory. Results: The results of the study show that the mean concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the samples of Ribbon fish, Bombay duck and Sin croaker were ranged between 130.85 - 153.47ppb, 125.21 - 181.4ppb and 119.86 – 208.65ppb respectively. The mean concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were found at a lower amount in shrimp sp. than the other. Conclusions: This result indicates that the concentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in dry fish samples from Bangladesh are higher and may causes chronic disease and potential long-term risk for human health.

Changes of Nutritional Value of Three Marine Dry Fishes (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Johnius dussumieri&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Harpodon nehereus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lepturacanthus savala&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) during Storage

Dry fish is the low cost dietary protein source in Bangladesh. Sometimes dry fishes are kept for a longer period that is the key factor of the deterioration of nutritional value of dry fishes, as they absorb moisture from the surrounding air. The general purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition of three available marine dry fishes (Harpodon nehereus, Johnius dussumieri and Lepturacanthus savala) and to investigate the changes of nutritional value of these selected dry fishes with the increasing of storing period. The result of this study shows that the mean percentage of moisture content increased at a significant level with the increasing of storing period. For 2 years storing period the moisture content is increased by 12.77%, 11.89% and 6.69% for the three dry fishes (Harpodon nehereus, Johnius dussumieri and Lepturacanthus savala respectively). The result of this study also shows that the mean percentage of protein (6.35, 7.93 and 4.68), lipid (1.92, 0.67 and 1.13), and carbohydrate (1.70, 1.81 and 0.66) of three dry fishes (Harpodon nehereus, Johnius dussumieri and Lepturacanthus savala respectively) decreased greatly for 2 years storing period. The findings of this study showed that nutritional value of dry fishes deteriorate with the increasing of storage period.

The Impact of Salinicoccus roseus and Heat Treatment of Salt on the Shelf Life of Cured Sciaenids (Johnius dussumieri Dussumieri's Croaker)

ABSTRACT Salinicoccus roseus is the most commonly occurring bacterium in salt-cured fish having red discoloration. In the present work, sterile crystalline salt and semiground salt were inoculated with 6 logs level of this bacterium. Half of each of the salt batches was heat-treated at 80°C for 30 min in order to inactivate the inoculated bacteria, while the remaining halves were used as positive controls. The four salt qualities were used in curing of sciaenids (Johnius dussumieri or Dussumieri's croaker). Red discoloration, bacteriological, physical, and biochemical quality parameters were monitored at quarterly intervals for 1 year. The control sciaenids were discarded at the end of 3 mo due to complete red discoloration. The heat-treated crystalline and semiground salt-cured fish were free from red discoloration for 6 and 9 months of storage, respectively. The quality degradation, measured as increases in total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and peroxide values (PV), was also considerably slower in fish cured with heat-treated salt than in the control. Furthermore, the development of TVN and PV values was significantly slower in fish cured with heat-treated semiground salt than in fish cured with heat-treated crude salt. The present study revealed that using heat-treated solar salt to cure fish enhances shelf life 6 to 9 months longer than that of the control.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of seven Indian Sciaenids (Pisces: Perciformes, Sciaenidae) based on 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial genes

The partial sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial genes were analyzed for species identification and phylogenetic relationships among the commercially important Indian sciaenids (Otolithes cuvieri, Otolithes ruber, Johnius dussumieri, Johnius elongatus, Johnieops vogleri, Otolithoides biauritus and Protonibea diacanthus). Sequence analysis of both genes revealed that the seven species fell into three distinct groups, which were genetically distant from each other and exhibited identical phylogenetic resolution. Partial sequences of both the genes provided sufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish the seven sciaenids indicating the usefulness of mtDNA-based approach in species identification.

Aspects of the Biology of Four Species of Sciaenidae from the East Coast of South Africa

The biology of four Indo-Pacific sciaenid species, Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801),Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson 1911), Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) and Johnius amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1855), occurring off the KwaZulu-Natal coast, is described. Samples were collected from prawn trawlers, beach-seine netters and boat anglers from May 1989 to February 1994. Biological data include: length composition, length-weight relationships, sex ratios, spawning seasons, sizes at 50%-maturity and feeding. All four species are relatively small, particularly those individuals caught by shallow-water prawn trawlers. Females outnumbered males in all four species. Spawning seasons are lengthy, occurring in spring and summer months. Most of the fish caught by shallow-water trawlers are below their size at 50%-maturity. The results show that shallow, turbid, continental shelf waters are nursery areas for these four sciaenids.

A survey of the fish fauna of Transkei estuaries Part Two: The Mbashe Estuary

The species composition, seasonal abundance and spatial distribution of the fish fauna of the Mbashe estuary (8 km long) was determined by means of gill nets. During the 37 month survey period, 2908 fish (2319,8 kg), comprising 27 species, were caught. The family Mugilidae, representing 58,8% of the numbers and 57,4% of the biomass, predominated the catches. In terms of biomass M. cephalus, A. hololepidotus and P. commersonnii were the most important species. Seasonal patterns for 10 of the 27 species were observed. M. cephalus, A. hololepidotus and L. amia were more abundant in spring/summer, E machnata and V. buchanani in spring, P. commersonnii and L. tricuspidens increased numerically in winter and M. capensis in autumn, Johnius dussumieri and Valamugil cunnesius were rare in winter and summer, respectively. Largest catches were made in the middle reaches of the estuary followed by the upper and lower reaches, respectively.

Maturation and spawning ofJohnius dussumieri (Cuv. and Val.)

Investigations dealing with the maturation and spawning of the Sciaenid,Johnius dussumieri, were carried out to determine the spawning season, spawning periodicity, fecundity and the ponderal index. The growth of the ovaries and the ova and the changes occurring in them in different stages of maturity have been described. Sex composition during different months and the size at first maturity were studied. Spawning seasons based on the monthly analysis of maturity stages of females were determined. With the help of ova-diameter measurements the spawning periodicity was assessed. Fecundity was correlated to total length and weight of the fish. Ponderal index or condition factor was studied in relation to size and spawning seasons.