Jobs In Brazil Research Articles

Pretos que voam – An Afrocentric Collective Project to Promote the Access of Peripheral Black People to Airline Crew Jobs in Brazil

Summary This case analyses the “Pretos que Voam” (Blacks who Fly) project, which aids the training of socially vulnerable black people to become flight attendants in Brazil. Since 2020, this project has been carried out by the collective Quilombo Aéreo, which brings together black crew members to aid the elimination of racism in aviation. One of the goals of this collective is to increase the representation of black people in the airline industry. Quilombo Aéreo ( 2022 ) conducted a survey of air crew members, using online forms based on self-identification, and found that black people do not reach 5% of active airline crews. The project is supported by crowdfunding and social partnerships like Fundação Tide Setúbal, Fundo Baobá for racial equity Rede de Mulheres Negras, Odabá Associação de Afroempreendedorismo, Movimento Negro Unificado and others. This made it possible to provide a complete course to become a flight attendant, a basic English course, air crew licences and a passport, and mentorship. In 2021, in Porto Alegre (RS), ten black people graduated in the first class – four women among them have already been hired by airlines. In 2022, the project raised funds to provide the first Afro-focused flight school in a distance learning model in Brazil. In 2023, they are working to start the operation of the school and crowdfunded a campaign for the second class of Pretos que Voam. Facing several forms of racism in Brazilian society and its airline industry, the project also dialogues with other forms of violence common in the sector, such as sexism and machismo . The case study examines concrete actions to transform the pain of its pioneers into fuel for structural changes, having as a framework the Afro culture and, as a scenario, a relevant mode of tourism transportation such as air travel. Information This case study originated from research into empowerment and intersectionalities between racism and sexism through the Quilombo Aéreo (see Further Reading). Here we focus specifically on the Pretos que Voam project, one of the actions developed by the collective. All authors are members of the research group Gritus – Gender, Race and Intersectionalities in Tourism , where this study was developed. Information © The Authors 2024

Development with Green Job, Renewable Energy and Sustainability and Power Quality

This article presents the strategy of the use of the green job as a way of providing a sustainable development to the planet Earth. In agreement with the Program of the United Nations for the Environment, (PNUMA, 2011), the green job is the work in the agriculture, manufacture, research and development, administration, and service activities that contribute substantially to preserve or to recover the environmental quality. Specifically, but no exclusively, that includes works that help to protect ecosystems (USP, 2012) and biodiversity (E O WILSON BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION, 2012), to reduce the consumption of energy, materials and water through strategies of high efficiency, decarbonizing the economy and minimizing or avoiding the generation of all the garbage forms and pollution (UNEP, 2008). The article investigates which are the sectors of the green economy in Brazil and in the world. There are also suggested public politics that seek to promote or to enlarge the offers of green jobs in Brazil. Finally, a scenery showing the economical, social and environmental advantages in case strategies of creation of green jobs were used in some sectors of the Brazilian economy, is provided.

The expected impact of cultivated and plant-based meats on jobs: the views of experts from Brazil, the United States and Europe

Cultivated and plant-based meats are substitutes for conventional animal meat products. As radical innovations, they may trigger profound social and economic changes. Despite the many benefits of alternative meats, such as environmental sustainability, animal welfare, human health and food safety, some unintended consequences remain unexplored in the literature. In this paper, we studied the potential impact of the meat production system transition on jobs. Using a survey, we compared opinions regarding the impact on jobs in Brazil, the United States and Europe, according to alternative protein experts. Our results showed the potential of plant-based and cultivated meat production to create new and higher-skilled jobs. The data analysis also suggested that the impact of novel food production systems on jobs in conventional meat production may be different for each stage of the value chain. In particular, the results showed a pressure point on animal farmers, who may be most affected in a fast transition scenario. Considering the studied geographical contexts, Brazilian professionals were more optimistic about the potential of plant-based and cultivated meat production to create new jobs. Our findings may provide new insights for the development of policies, measures and strategies that promote job creation, skills and income in view of the ongoing transition.

Ecosystem restoration job creation potential in Brazil

Abstract The central motivation to restore ecosystems at a planetary scale has been to reverse degradation and provide multiple environmental benefits, but key global players like governments may be more interested in social outcomes from undertaking restoration, such as job creation. Assessing the job opportunities stemming from ongoing restoration programmes can leverage additional investments for their implementation and support their long‐term maintenance. Here, we aimed to understand and quantify current and potential ecosystem restoration jobs in Brazil, based on a widely distributed online survey performed in 2020 and led by the main restoration networks in the country. We explored the structure, job distribution and outputs of the national restoration supply chain. At the beginning of 2020, 4713 temporary and 3510 permanent jobs were created, nearly 60% of which were generated by organizations specialized in restoration, mainly from the non‐profit (48%) and private (37%) sectors. Restoration jobs were concentrated in organizations working in one (58%) or two (28%) biomes, and the vast majority were in the Atlantic Forest (85%). Similarly, most restoration jobs were concentrated in the southeast region (61%), with one‐third in the state of São Paulo. This geographical distribution was more strongly associated with the states' GDP than with the legal deficit of native vegetation area. Nearly 20% of the restoration jobs were terminated during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. We estimate that restoration activities can generate 0.42 jobs per hectare undergoing restoration, which could potentially create 1.0–2.5 million direct jobs through the implementation of Brazil's target of restoring 12 million hectares. We conclude by reinforcing the value of ecosystem restoration in promoting economic development and job creation, which can be crucial to promote countries' effective engagement in the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. We also highlight the critical role of grassroots organizations to maximize restoration opportunities for socioeconomic development during the post‐pandemic economic recovery. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

A GESTÃO FINANCEIRA NAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS

The objective of this scientific review article is to contextualize the importance of financial management in micro and small companies and individual micro entrepreneurs, as well as the representativeness and importance of these in the Brazilian economy and the profile of the entrepreneur who manages these companies. Due to the great importance of micro and small companies in generating jobs in Brazil, it is valid to make this scientific review article to elucidate that the lack of financial management is one of the major causes of these bankruptcy.

Desenvolvimento nacional e emprego: a reforma das leis trabalhistas e a criação de empregos no Brasil

O presente estudo objetiva verificar se a alta taxa de desemprego no Brasil pode ser atribuída ao excesso de direitos assegurados aos empregados pelas normas trabalhistas. A análise tem como marco a entrada em vigor da Lei n. 13.467, em 11/11/2017, que alterou diversas normas trabalhistas, sob a justificativa de que contribuiria para gerar mais empregos formais e movimentar a economia. Para tanto, após uma breve análise da importância do emprego para o desenvolvimento e do seu tratamento constitucional, passou-se à observação de dados estatísticos oficiais anteriores e posteriores à mudança legislativa. A partir dos dados, buscar-se-á responder se a reforma trabalhista proporcionou maior precarização do trabalho e se gerou novos postos formais de trabalho no país. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e periódicos sobre o tema, além da consulta a bancos de dados e relatórios produzidos por sítios oficiais, como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE e o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.

Brazilian potential for circular fashion through strengthening local production

Textile and garment industry ranks among the world’s dirtiest sectors. The long-term success of the sector will depend on the control of social and environmental resources in the entire product life cycle. The “circular economy” (CE) concept is fast becoming a new model for resilient growth. However, CE continues to be understood largely as a waste management and recycling strategy, but the economic opportunities are far broader and more diverse. The success of the CE in developing countries will be critical to global efforts to ensure sustainable growth. Brazil’s textile and garment industry is the largest complete textile chain in the West and ranks among the world’s top producers of textiles and apparel. This sector is also the second largest generator of manufacturing jobs in Brazil. On the other hand, of the 8 million workers that are estimated, 6.5 are irregular ones. The objective of this paper was to provide a comprehensive review of research efforts encompassing aspects of CE as value network, local production, economic benefits and Brazilian fashion market. By this, it is expected to bring new contributions to neglected issues, the manufacturing base as CE strategy and the social performance. The two main contributions of this research are to highlight Brazilian focus and to find how circular approaches align with and support the already existing domestic industrial and social development strategies.

The Robot from Ipanema goes Working: Estimating the Probability of Jobs Automation in Brazil

In this paper, we replicated the method applied by Frey and Osborne to investigate the automation probability of jobs in Brazil, using data from Brazilian labor market administrative records between 1986 and 2017. We categorized each job listed on Brazil’s Occupational Classification System into Job Zones based on its technical qualifications requirements and estimated the future demand for workers of each Job Zone from 2018 to 2046. To estimate the probability of automation for each occupation, we first collected the expert opinion of 69 specialists on artificial intelligence and then applied a Gaussian process using as input the text description of each occupation. The results showed that in 2017 55% of all formally employed workers in Brazil are in jobs with high or very high risk of automation, a value consistent with similar works found in the literature for other countries. The findings of this paper can aid policy makers to anticipate potential increased unemployment for occupations with high risk of automation, anticipate future transformations of the Brazilian labor market, and consequently support the planning of economic and social interventions.

Who Creates Stable Jobs? Evidence from Brazil

AbstractRecent research shows that start‐ups are important for job creation, but these firms are also inherently volatile. We use linked employer–employee data to examine the relative importance of firm age and firm size for job creation and destruction in Brazil. Firm age is a more important determinant of job creation in Brazil than firm size; young firms and start‐ups create a relatively high number of jobs. However, young firms are also more likely to exit the market and have higher levels of employment volatility. We, therefore, condition the job creation analysis on job stability. Young firms and large firms create relatively more stable jobs in Brazil.

Who Creates Stable Jobs? Evidence from Brazil

Recent research shows that start-ups are important for job creation, but these firms are also inherently volatile. We use linked employer-employee data to examine the relative importance of firm age and firm size for job creation and destruction in Brazil. Firm age is a more important determinant of job creation in Brazil than firm size; young firms and start-ups create a relatively high number of jobs. However, young firms are also more likely to exit the market and have higher levels of employment volatility. We, therefore, condition the job creation analysis on job stability. Young firms and large firms create relatively more stable jobs in Brazil.

Formalização do micro e pequeno empreendedor

Micro and small enterprises account for the largest generator of jobs in Brazil. Because of its size and the realization of a large number of informal, a question arises: what are the difficulties and facilities encountered by micro and small formal and informal entrepreneurs in the formalization process in general. This study aimed to describe the facilities and difficulties for the formalization of micro and small empreendeedor. Despite the micro and small entrepreneurs have had due recognition of its importance recently, the government has adopted a number of measures that seek to make life easier for micro and small entrepreneurs to increase their survival rate and also to encourage those who have not yet They formalized to formalize and contribute directly to the tax that can be reversed in education, health, security, etc. For data collection were applied 25 (twenty five) questionnaires to micro and small entrepreneurs of the Jardim da Penha neighborhood, Vitória, state of Espírito Santo. With the questionnaire was concluded that the micro and small entrepreneur still has a very high cost with taxes and tax burdens, but it was also observed that most entrepreneurs are unaware of the incentives offered by the government and end continuing informally for lack of information, which is an improvement point to note.

Formal but Less Equal. Gender Wage Gaps in Formal and Informal Jobs in Urban Brazil

In developing countries, a large share of employees work informally and are not covered by employment protection legislation. I study here how gender wage inequality differs across formal and informal jobs in Brazil. The raw gender wage gap is higher in informal jobs (13%) compared to formal jobs (5%), but I show that this difference is an artefact of different male and female selection processes. First, women have better observable characteristics than men and the female advantage is stronger among formal employees. Second, men and women entering formal and informal jobs have different unobservable characteristics. Controlling for endogenous selection into formal vs. informal jobs, I find that the gender gap in wage offers is high and increases with education in formal jobs. In informal jobs, however, estimated wage offers are the same for men and women. I discuss the potential implications of these findings regarding the effect of labour market regulation on gender wage gaps.

Formal But Less Equal. Gender Wage Gaps in Formal and Informal Jobs in Brazil

In developing countries, a large share of employees work informally and are not covered by employment protection legislation. I study here how gender wage inequality differs across formal and informal jobs in Brazil. The raw gender wage gap is higher in informal jobs (13%) compared to formal jobs (5%), but I show that this difference is an artifact of different male and female selection processes. First, women have better observable characteristics than men and the female advantage is stronger among formal employees. Second, men and women entering formal and informal jobs have different unobservable characteristics. Controlling for endogenous selection into formal vs. informal jobs, I find that the gender gap in wage offers is high and increases with education in formal jobs. In informal jobs, however, estimated wage offers are the same for men and women. I discuss the potential implications of these findings regarding the effect of labour market regulation on gender wage gaps.

Atributos de escolha em serviços de restaurantes: Um estudo exploratório

Existem aproximadamente um milhão de bares e restaurantes que geram em torno de seis milhões de empregos no Brasil. Um dos aspectos primordiais na escolha de um restaurante são os atributos do serviço. Atributos são julgamentos que o cliente realiza sobre o desempenho da qualidade de um determinado serviço. A identificação dos atributos de escolha de um restaurante é importante para a proposição de valor superior dos serviços e para a elaboração de estratégias de marketing. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os atributos de escolha em serviços de restaurantes. A metodologia empregada foi um estudo exploratório qualitativo a partir de entrevistas conduzidas pela técnica do incidente crítico. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 72 clientes de restaurantes. Para o tratamento e análise dos incidentes críticos obtidos nas entrevistas, empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo e interpretação por especialistas. O resultado obtido foi uma relação de 615 incidentes críticos, que após analisados, geraram uma lista de 27 atributos que influenciam os clientes na escolha e na avaliação dos serviços de restaurantes. Dentre os atributos listados, há uma forte presença de atributos de busca, caracterizados pela sua tangibilidade no serviço. Os atributos identificados poderão subsidiar e contribuir para o aprimoramento de futuras pesquisas e estudos no âmbito acadêmico, além de contribuir para a gestão dos estabelecimentos de restaurantes.

Model for Control of Costs of Public Construction: An Instrument for Better Management of Public Expenditures

This article proposes and tests a statistical model for control of public construction costs, in a real job. Said model serves to detect the possible existence of overprice in the job analyzed, and can serve to control costs in any public construction work. Public expenditures with construction jobs in Brazil are estimated at approximately R$ 20 billion per year for the three spheres of power of the Brazilian federation (federal government, states and municipalities), - hence the scope and importance of this study.

DETERMINAÇÃO DE SALÁRIOS NO BRASIL: DUALIDADE OU NÃO-LINEARIDADE NO RETORNO À EDUCAÇÃO?

The objective of this paper is to test the existence of duality in the Brazilian labor market. The method af analysis is to evaluate to what extent one can observe wage differences among workers that are not explained by differences in their productive skil1s. Data from the annual Brazilian household survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - IBGE) from 1988 are analyzed according to the methodology proposed by Dickens and Lang (1985 and 1992), that endogenously determines the dual sectors based on a switching-regression model. The results suggest that there is no dualíty in the Brazilian labor market. Although the dual model does a better job in explaining wages than a linear competitive model, its performance is inferior to a competitive model with nonlinear returns to education. The evidence supports the idea that education is the main determinant of access to good jobs in Brazil.

Warning about jobs in Brazil

Warning about jobs in Brazil