Job Hazard Research Articles

EVALUASI RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA PROYEK INSTALASI PIPANISASI DI PT EFE BERBASIS METODE JSA DAN HIRARC

Work accidents occur in the work environment, which can occur due to unsafe work environment conditions or human error. PT TKA is a construction services company located in the Gresik Regency, and its work specifications use fiberglass and HDPE materials. In the work activities carried out by PT TKA, several unsafe actions or unsafe conditions were found which caused accidents. This research aims to evaluate the dangers and causes of danger based on the conditions and activities of pipe installation projects based on the risk of unsafe actions and conditions. Job Safety Analysis, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control were used as research methods. The research respondents were five expert employees on pipeline projects. The research showed that eleven stages of pipe installation project work were identified, resulting in small, medium, and large-scale hazard risks. The research results show that unsafe conditions dominate the occurrence of danger and the risk of work accidents.

SAFETY GOOD CATCH A LEADING INDICATOR PROMOTES PROACTIVE SAFETY CULTURE AT ASSEMBLY TEST MANUFACTURING

In this project, the studies are carried out at a chipset tester assembly manufacturing with objectives of establishing a safety good catch reporting process for employee to report out any hazard, unsafety condition or unsafe act. In addition, all good catch submissions are analyzed in this study to improve the process or condition at the workplace. Throughout analyzing of all good catch submissions, pareto of hazard is identified to measure effectiveness of existing safety programs and controls. Safety good catch reporting will be served as a safety leading indicator to promote safety culture and awareness for the organization. A proposed safety good catch reporting process is benchmarked with existing quality good catch report program of the organization and DOSH JKKP 6 and JKKP 7 injury report. The proposed process is reviewed thru safety and health committee prior deployment. Later, safety good catch web tool is developed and deployed for employee to submit any safety concern and able to track and record thru the web tool in order to sustain the safety good catch program. Success of safety good catch program deployment across production is verified by safety and health committee and management. The effectiveness of program will be monitored and analyzed thru employee participation, commitment of middle level of management and engineering process owner. A series of program such as safety good catch campaign, communication have been held to promote safety good catch program to boost the employee’s participation. Moreover, safety good catch submission is further analysis and identify hazard pareto to improve the process or condition at the workplace. Then measure the effectiveness of existing safety and health programs such as ergonomic risk assessment, job hazard analysis especially when there is new product or process changed, workplace setup, preventive and maintenance task and others. Total 648 safety good catch submissions by 279 employees in this project. There are 3 main hazards identified which is physical, mechanical and ergonomics hazard. Employees who are supporting manual tasks found actively participating the program. In conclusion, safety good catch has been successfully deployed and participated by employee however two main challenges observed throughout the studies, management commitment of timely validation and engineering leadership for continuous improvement. Recommendations such as reporting of good catch submission indicator, enhancement of web tool is needed to further enhance the safety good catch program.

Identifying and Evaluating Occupational Hazards of Infectious Waste Landfill Workers by the JHA Method

Background: In waste management, neglecting and mismanaging harmful biological factors can result in adverse consequences for both organizations and employees. Methods: This study aimed to identify and assess the health and safety risks faced by workers at an infectious waste site using the job hazard analysis (JHA) method. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 1401 at the waste disposal center "Halgheh Dareh" in Karaj. The JHA method involved dividing the job into tasks, identifying safety and health risks associated with each task, determining the probability and severity of the risks, and finally classifying them using a matrix based on the MIL-STD-882B standard. Control measures were also presented. All calculations were performed using Excel 2010. Results: The results revealed that out of the 20 risks analyzed, 40% were classified as unacceptable risks, 25% as undesirable risks, 30% as acceptable risks but in need of revision, and 5% as minor risks. Conclusion: Through the application of the JHA method, we were able to evaluate and classify health and safety risks according to their level of severity. By implementing control measures such as the use of personal protective equipment, periodic medical examinations, administration of the Hepatitis vaccine, and adherence to safety protocols, it is possible to reduce the risks and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents that can lead to harm.

Identifikasi Bahaya Proses Blasting dan Painting di Perusahaan Fabrikasi Menggunakan Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

The risk of accidents and occupational diseases is difficult to avoid, one of which is in fabrication companies because workers are in direct contact with objects and heavy equipment during work. One of the work areas that is at high risk of accidents and occupational diseases is the blasting and painting area. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify potential hazards and possible risks (2) to control the risks of each process activity to ensure that the work is in a safe condition. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach method with risk analysis using job hazard analysis. The results of the study identified 52 potential hazards and risks with 9 types of hazards, namely psychological hazards, mechanical hazards, electrical hazards, fire hazards, blasting hazards, physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards, and ergonomic hazards derived from 7 classifications of processes or work stages in the blasting and painting work area. Prevention and control efforts are carried out to reduce the risk as a whole by using a hierarchy of control.

Occupational Health and Safety Analysis Using Job Safety Analysis and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control Methods

Occupational Safety and Health is an important factor in the smooth production of a company that has a relationship with machinery, work tools, work environment, raw materials and processing. The purpose of this research is to minimize the number of work accidents in the company by identifying hazards, risk assessment and risk control. The research method used is the Job Safety Analysis method to classify work activities and identify hazards descriptively while the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control method is used to conduct risk assessment and risk control in each sequence of work processes. The results of the research conducted showed 57 potential hazards with 17 potential hazards in the unloading process, 3 potential hazards in the measurement process, 11 types of hazards in the sawing process and 26 potential hazards in the sorting process. Based on the results obtained, the risk categories can be classified as 16 (28%) potential hazards in the lowrisk category, 28 (49%) potential hazards in the medium risk category, 13 (23%) potential hazards in the highrisk category and 0 (0%) potential hazards in the extreme risk category. The risk control carried out is by using elimination, substitution, administrative and PPE.

Enhancing Individual Worker Risk Awareness: A Location-Based Safety Check System for Real-Time Hazard Warnings in Work-Zones

This study focuses on improving pre-emptive risk recognition and safety checks to prevent workplace accidents. It underscores improvements by addressing existing research issues, suggesting potential enhancements through system development. Work approval procedures and workers’ prior risk awareness, through the confirmation of work safety standards in physically separated work areas, are fundamental methods of preventing serious accidents and creating a safe work environment. A key factor concerning worker safety is recognizing the potential accident risk factors (or hazards) in advance through practical job hazard analysis and consequently take risk-reduction measures in case the safety standards are not met. Despite the crucial significance of pre-awareness of work risks at the majority of construction sites, tools to enhance this awareness are currently limited. Furthermore, real-time detection of work risks and the implementation of risk reduction measures are contingent upon a monitoring environment and a robust safety culture. This study proposed construction worker location-tracking technology that recognizes personal identification (ID). A safety check system based on location tracking combining personal quick response code (QR code) recognition and computer vision technology to automatically identify workers’ personal identities and track their physical location was proposed. A real-time safety check system was implemented to classify automatically whether workers have confirmed hazards and to approve a work process in high-risk workplaces by supervisors. Location-tracking technology with ID recognition performed the following two safety management functions. First, if a construction worker does not pre-check the work risk information before entering the work zone, the geofencing technology automatically classifies workers as those who are not aware of job hazards. Secondly, the safety manager or supervisor entering the on-site work zone possesses the authority to halt work if the work environment fails to meet safety standards and can issue warnings regarding risky situations. Essential functions were validated through a case study involving preliminary testing within the development system. To assess the practical application of the system, virtual simulations were conducted using recorded videos from a construction site to replicate the two essential functions of the system. The system was constructed using an Apache server and Python code, and for testing purposes, the names of the workers were randomized.

Study on Home-Based Direct Care Workers' Coping Responses to Workplace Sexual Harassment and Their Satisfaction With Long-Term Care Preventive Strategies

BackgroundPrevious research on workplace sexual harassment issues in long-term care rarely focused on home-based direct care workers. Additionally, few victims would formally report the harassment incidents, resulting in limited understanding yet huge impacts on improving long-term care quality.Purpose Built upon Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome framework, this study aimed to explore home-based direct care workers’ coping responses when encountering workplace sexual harassment (WSH) and examine factors influencing their satisfaction with organizational preventive strategies.MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 217 home-based caregivers via convenience sampling. Research instruments included socio-demographics, personal experiences (perceived job hazard and harm severity of WSH), and satisfaction scale ratings. Variance analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. ResultsCaregivers working at private LTC agencies expressed lower satisfaction with employers’ anti-harassment measures than public agencies. Part-time workers also reported lower satisfaction. While 22% of participants took no actions when harassed, 30.8% directly told the harassers to stop. Manpower load status (r=-.16; p<.01) and perceived workplace hazards (r=-.2; p<.01) were negatively correlated with satisfaction with employer's implementation of prevention strategy for WSH. After controlling for personal and job characteristics, perceived workplace hazards, Satisfaction with handling of encountered sexual harassment incident, and strategies provided by devices significantly predicted participants’ satisfaction with anti- sexual harassment strategies.ConclusionAs the first study based on Donabedian’s framework to examine home-based caregivers’ coping and influencing factors of satisfaction with anti-harassment strategies, the results can inform managerial guidelines for WSH and evaluate the adequacy of existing policies.

Why is the risk of industrial non-routine activities high and how can it be evaluated? An integrated approach

Non-routine activities such as startup, shutdown, maintenance, and operation commissioning require increased human interaction with the corresponding process. Owing to operator or procedural violations, the risk of accidents can be high during non-routine activities, even though they are performed less frequently. To identify and evaluate the hazards of non-routine processes, an integrated method combining job hazard analysis (JHA), hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), and deviation degrees is proposed. JHA is applied to break down an operational process into steps, which are further defined as nodes in HAZOP for hazard scenario analysis. The concept of deviation degree is defined by integrating the operational and control function deviations to quantify the deviation analysis. Finally, the heating-furnace startup process in an oil and gas gathering and transmission station was selected to illustrate the proposed integrated method. The results show that this method constitutes a systematical and intuitive approach to identify hazard scenarios and evaluate risks, as well as to establish preventive measures for non-routine processes.

Insidious risks of wearable robots to worker safety and health: A scoping review

Introduction: The construction industry is tormented by a high rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and flat or declining productivity rates. To improve construction workers’ safety, health, and productivity, construction researchers and practitioners are investigating the safe implementation of exoskeletons. However, concern exists that these human-robot interactions (HRI) could amplify the effects of existing health and safety risks and lead to new health and safety risks. Only a few comprehensive studies have identified safety and health hazards inherent in using exoskeletons within construction trades and potential strategies for mitigating these threats. This study attempts to bridge this gap. Method: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. The authors relied on a 5-step scoping review process to examine academic publications, industry reports, and fact sheets to generate helpful information for this study. Results: The review revealed 36 health and safety hazards associated with using wearable robots in high-risk construction trades. Twenty-two organizational and field-facing strategies were introduced as potential controls to mitigate the identified hazards. Conclusions: The study provided a knowledge-based foundation for HRI safety risk assessment and guidance to optimize pre-task planning. This foundation could lead to significant advances in construction trade safety and the successful execution of tasks by robotic technology. Practical Applications: Results from the present study can guide construction practitioners and safety professionals involved in technology integration and safety risk assessment on safe ways to implement wearable robots. Moreover, the present study provides critical insight that could inform the design and implementation of job hazard analysis and shape continuous education programs and safety training. This study prompts policymakers, standard developers, and exoskeleton manufacturers to work closely to ensure a safe future for exoskeletons in the construction industry.

Perspectives of Contributing Factors and Prevention Measures of Struck-by Accidents in from Experienced Safety Personnel

Malaysia’s construction industry has been long characterized as risky, as evidencedby its poor health and safety performance. The statistics on fatal accidents recorded by the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) present that struck by accident in the Malaysian construction industry have the highest number of deaths and were one of the critical contributor. Therefore, this study was done to find the main contributing factor to the struck by accidents and its preventive measures. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, who were experienced safety personnel in construction industry with at least 10 years’ experience in handling safety and health at the workplace. From the questionnaire survey, the most significant contributing factor to struck-by accidents is carelessbehaviour, and the main perceived prevention measure for struck-by accident is job hazard analysis or job safety analysis briefing to workers before starting job. The outcome of the study could provide awareness on struck-by accidents and reduce the risk of struck-by accident by objects in the construction industry in Malaysia.

Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risks in the Surgical Inpatient Room at Hospital

According to the latest report from the International Labor Organization, more than 1.8 million people died in Asia-Pacific. At the Asian level, as many as two-thirds of the global population of more than 2.78 million people die every year due to work accidents or occupational diseases. Meanwhile, based on the National Safety Council (NSC) report, it shows that 41% of accidents in hospitals are greater than in other industries. . The purpose of this study was to determine the level of occupational safety and health risks in the surgical inpatient room of X Hospital Bandar Lampung. This study uses a semi-quantitative method that refers to AS/NZS: 2004 and a method for identifying risk using job hazard analysis (JHA) and multiplying the values​​of consequence, likelihood, exposure to determine the level of risk. The research results obtained with a substantial risk level of 1 risk and an acceptable level of 10 risks.

Pengendalian Risiko pada Pekerjaan Block Assembly Proyek Barge Mounted Power Plant Menggunakan Job Hazard Analysis

A Barge Mounted Power Plant (BMPP) is a floating power generation technology based on a ship that converts solar fuel and dual fuel gas into electrical energy. The manufacturing process involves assembling separate parts and combining them into larger sections, which increases the risk of workplace accidents. According to data from the BPJS Employment Accident Insurance program in 2021, there were 234,270 workplace accidents. The purpose of this study is to (1) identify potential hazards and risks that may occur and (2) control the risks associated with each process activity to ensure that the work is performed safely. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach based on risk analysis using job hazard analysis. The results of this study identified five types of hazards: psychological, mechanical, physical, ergonomic, and environmental. In conclusion, this study identified 13 process activities and 39 potential hazards and risks, and proposed measures to control the risks.

The Effectiveness of Utilising the Building Information Modelling Based Tools for Safety Training and Job Hazard İdentification

The fields of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) have kept pace with recent technological developments in design and construction. However, it is difficult to obtain information on the breadth of applications of BIM -based tools throughout the life cycle of construction projects. Hence, this study attempts to empirically identify and evaluate the applications of pre-construction tools, with a focus on safety training and workplace hazard recognition. A questionnaire in the form of a survey was used to collect data. The results show that the ten predictors account for 52.3% of the variation in BIM knowledge (F (10, 56) = 6.133, p < 0.001).It is also found that site analysis and safety instructions have no effect on the measured variable. The study represented a comprehensive blend of research to improve the use of BIM -based tools for safety training and workplace hazard identification. It also contributed to the knowledge of how to use BIM -based tools in the pre-construction phase. The development of the BIM -process flow framework for safety training and hazard identification will be the main focus of future work.

Development of a Knowledge Graph for Automatic Job Hazard Analysis: The Schema.

In the current practice, an essential element of safety management systems, Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), is performed manually, relying on the safety personnel's experiential knowledge and observations. This research was conducted to create a new ontology that comprehensively represents the JHA knowledge domain, including the implicit knowledge. Specifically, 115 actual JHA documents and interviews with 18 JHA domain experts were analyzed and used as the source of knowledge for creating a new JHA knowledge base, namely the Job Hazard Analysis Knowledge Graph (JHAKG). To ensure the quality of the developed ontology, a systematic approach to ontology development called METHONTOLOGY was used in this process. The case study performed for validation purposes demonstrates that a JHAKG can operate as a knowledge base that answers queries regarding hazards, external factors, level of risks, and appropriate control measures to mitigate risks. As the JHAKG is a database of knowledge representing a large number of actual JHA cases previously developed and also implicit knowledge that has not been formalized in any explicit forms yet, the quality of JHA documents produced from queries to the database is expectedly higher than the ones produced by an individual safety manager in terms of completeness and comprehensiveness.

Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Risk in the Road Construction Project in the Sigi Regency

The possibility occurrence of occupational health and safety risk in construction work is large because each work environment has many sources of danger but can be done prevention and handling to reduce the risk of occurrence of a work accident that’s why we need the process of identification and assessment of occupational health and safety risks. This type of research is descriptive analysis, the research approach is observational to use a sheet of JHA (Job Hazard Analysis) for hazard identification and risk assessment with a semi-quantitative analysis using the standard risk assessment AS/NZS 4360:2004. The results of the hazard identification beyond the occupational health and safety are carried out in the road construction in the Sigi Regency produce 147 of the danger that comes from the unsafe action and unsafe conditions and the results of assessing the risks over 147 hazards identified there are 5 different levels of risk ranging from the risk level the most, namely level priority 3 as much as 46%, very high as much as 22%, for priority 1 as much as 14%, substantial as much as 11%, and acceptable as much as 7%.

A Conceptual Framework for BIM Process Flow to Mitigate the Causes of Fall-Related Accidents at the Design Stage

Safety training is essential in enhancing safe environments, attitudes, and employee safety behaviour. It has been recognized that the construction industry must tackle the inefficiencies of conventional safety training methods. Using innovative training practices for construction workers is one of the most effective ways to improve safety performance. There is a lack of a standard framework and of necessary information for building information modelling (BIM) process flow needed by designers and safety and health officers to aid construction workers’ safety and job hazard identification (JHI) at the design stage. This study aims to create a framework for BIM process flow to minimize the causes of fall-related accidents in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. This framework was developed based on an integrative review approach and other empirical findings. The connection of the different components makes up the framework. This research recommends practical enhancements, innovation, and adjustments to construction employees’ safety training and JHI. One of the suggested framework’s research advantages is that it evolved through expert validation and contains the necessary components to facilitate practical construction safety training and JHI. These components could serve as a starting point for developing guidelines for practical safety training and JHI.

Discrepancies Between Implementation and Perceived Effectiveness of Leading Safety Indicators in the US Dairy Product Manufacturing Industry

BackgroundIn the United States, the dairy product manufacturing industry has consistently had higher rates of work-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses compared to the national average for industries in all sectors. The selection and implementation of appropriate safety performance indicators are important aspect of reducing risk within safety management systems. This study examined the leading safety indicators implemented in the dairy product-manufacturing sector (NAICS 3115) and their perceived effectiveness in reducing work-related injuries. MethodsPerceptions were collected from individuals with safety responsibilities in the dairy product manufacturing facilities. OSHA Incident Rate (OIR) and Days away, restricted and transferred (DART) rates from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed. ResultsThe perceived most effective leading were safety observations, stop work authority, near miss reporting, safety audits, preventative maintenance, safety inspections, safety training attendance, and job hazard analysis/safety analysis, respectively. The 6-year trend analysis showed that those implementing all eight top indicators had a slightly lower rates than those that did not implement all eight. Production focused mentality, poor training, and lack of management commitment were perceived as the leading causes of injuries in this industry. ConclusionCollecting leading indicators with the unique interest to meet the regulatory requirements and to document the management system without the actual goal of using them as input to improve the system most probably will not lead to an effective reduction of negative safety outcomes. For leading indicators to be effective, they should be properly selected, executed, periodically evaluated and actions are taken when necessary.

Occupational safety and health hazards associated with the slaughtering and meat processing industry in urban areas of Zimbabwe: A case study of the Gweru city Municipal Abattoir

This study examined occupational safety and health hazards associated with the slaughtering and meat processing industry in the Gweru City Municipal abattoir in Zimbabwe. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were employed. The study population involved all the 23 workers including flayers and labourers who are directly involved in slaughtering and meat processing. Data was collected with questionnaire administration, interviews and field observations. Safety and health hazards associated with slaughtering and meat processing at the abattoir included physical, biological, ergonomic, mechanical, environmental and food safety hazards, all with the risk of causing significant harm to the workers. The lack of experience on job operations was one of the key risk factors increasing the likelihood of workers getting injured and increased frequency of injuries. Workers who had more working years at the abattoir encountered injuries less frequently than those who had fewer working years. The abattoir’s occupational safety and health management system was not effective in solving safety and health risks and required improvement. One effective way that can be implemented is to establish a stand-alone safety, health and environment department within the Gweru City Council to give priority to occupational safety and health issues. Training programmes for workers and management on safety and health are recommended to improve workers’ skills on job tasks, hazard identification, and risk assessment and to improve workers’ behaviour as well as to enhance awareness on safety and health among management, which ultimately improves management commitments.

Linking objective and subjective job demands and resources in the JD-R model: A multilevel design

ABSTRACT The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model is a well-recognized theoretical framework assessing the impact of job demands and resources on well-being. Though the model conceptualises job demands and resources in terms of how jobs are both objectively designed and subjectively experienced, most studies have relied only on subjective self-reported data. In a comprehensive test of the model, our study investigates how objective job characteristics at the occupation level are associated with employees’ perceptions of job demands and resources in their role, and examines the indirect effect of objective characteristics on employee outcomes via perceived characteristics. Multilevel analyses of multisource and lagged data from 2,049 employees in 97 jobs indicated that perceived job characteristics mediate the effects of objective job characteristics on employee outcomes. Specifically, the objective requirement for positive emotional displays is positively related to exhaustion through perceived emotional demands. Second, objective job hazard exposure is positively related to physical health problems through perceived physical demands. Finally, objective job complexity has a significant positive indirect relationship with work engagement through perceived skill discretion. The results suggest that risk identification and enrichment processes should consider the nature of the job itself instead of merely focusing on employees’ cognitive appraisals.

Review of the Performance, Selection, and Use of Gloves for Chemical Protection

Skin is a potential route for occupational exposure to chemical agents, which can result in serious injury or illness. The selection of gloves and other chemical protective clothing (CPC) to protect against exposure to hazardous chemicals begins with an informed risk assessment and management approach, which relies on the science and art of glove selection. The science of glove selection includes a fundamental understanding of the limitations of gloves and other CPC, job hazard analyses to identify the hazards posed by specific tasks, choosing from a hierarchy of controls, familiarity with the relevant resources to guide selection, and, in some cases, additional glove performance testing and/or consultation with a qualified occupational and environmental safety and health professional. The art of glove selection includes important considerations, such as ease of use, comfort, cost, and acceptance by workers. Finally, a well-managed personal protective equipment (PPE) program incorporating periodic review, training, supervision, and documentation is critical to protecting workers from occupational injury or illness.