Job-education Mismatch Research Articles

Choosing a starting professional trajectory: job-education mismatch effect

Choosing a starting professional trajectory: job-education mismatch effect

Master’s degree studies and its impact on vertical and horizontal mismatch in Spain

The goal of this study is to analyse the vertical and horizontal mismatches of graduates in the Spanish labour market focusing on the effect that a master’s degree has in each of these two mismatches. The analysis is based on the data from the Survey on the Labour Insertion of University Graduates carried out by the Spanish Statistical Office in 2019. The main conclusions stress the importance of vertical and horizontal mismatches in the Spanish labour market. The results of the quantitative analysis based on the binary and ordered logit indicate that the master’s degree can reduce the vertical mismatch. Moreover, a wider offer of master’s degrees in some fields such as health could reduce the horizontal mismatch. Eventually, some policy measures to reduce the two mismatches are proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse both horizontal and vertical job-education mismatches among Spanish graduates, including those with a Master's degree. Thus, this study is pioneering in assessing the impact of Master's degrees in reducing educational mismatches. In addition, it shows how the likelihood of these mismatches changes with increasing work experience.

I Am Mismatched, I Am Doing Well: Horizontal Job-Education Mismatches and Workers’ Well-Being

I Am Mismatched, I Am Doing Well: Horizontal Job-Education Mismatches and Workers’ Well-Being

Charting vocational education: impact of agglomeration economies on job–education mismatch in Indonesia

Charting vocational education: impact of agglomeration economies on job–education mismatch in Indonesia

Impact of vertical and horizontal mismatches on earnings among highly educated employees in Japan

This study investigates the vertical and horizontal mismatches among highly-educated employees in Japan. The critical point of view is that job-education mismatches lead to the waste of human capital accumulated during undergraduate or graduate study years and bring adverse consequences-earnings penalties. The main contribution of our study is that it is the first attempt to investigate both vertical and horizontal mismatches using Japanese data. Our analysis reveals that vertical mismatch is more likely to significantly lower annual earnings than horizontal mismatch for both men and women. We also find that it mainly applies to university graduates, and no significant penalty exists among employees with a graduate degree. Additionally, horizontal mismatch is more common among female employees and the penalty for overeducation is severely pronounced in the fields of natural sciences, medicine, and pharmacy.

Horizontal job-education mismatches and earnings of university graduates in Russia

ABSTRACT The study is devoted to the evaluation of the determinants of job-education mismatches and their impact on salaries of university graduates. We use a comprehensive and nationally representative survey of Russian university graduates. The study employs a self-evaluated measure of mismatch and a statistical variant for robustness and interpretation purposes. We find that one-third of the graduates in Russia are horizontally mismatched, and that the share of mismatched graduates in Russia is higher than the average in OECD countries. Graduates from fields that generate more general human capital, or where low pay is common, are more likely to be mismatched. On the contrary, graduates in Medicine, which is a more specialised field, are more likely to be matched. We find that mismatches negatively affect the earnings of university graduates and, the higher is the degree of mismatch, the higher is the penalty for the mismatch. The study depicts that mismatch is penalised in the majority of fields except for low-paid ones.

Does Discrepancy Between Job Choice Motivation and Satisfaction and Education–Job Mismatch Affect Turnover Intention of Nonprofit Employees?

Using data from the 2014 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service, this study examines the effects of (1) discrepancy between intrinsic job choice motivation and satisfaction, (2) discrepancy between extrinsic job choice motivation and satisfaction, and (3) job–education mismatch on the turnover intention of nonprofit employees. This study finds that extrinsic discrepancy is a more significant factor for turnover intention among nonprofit employees than intrinsic discrepancy. In addition, we find that job–education mismatch increases the turnover intention of nonprofit employees.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE CONCEPT OF JOB MISMATCH AND OVEREDUCATION

Job-education mismatch and overeducation issues among graduates have been discussed extensively, specifically related to the incidents, determinants, methods of measurement, and the effects of the mismatch. Despite this, the concept of job-education mismatch itself is not clearly explained. Since understanding this concept has theoretical and practical implications, this paper provides a critical review of the job mismatch concept and relates it to overeducation, which is a type of job-education imbalance under a vertical mismatch. This study relies solely on the literature review and does not provide any empirical evidence related to these concepts. A few issues have been highlighted and worth considering for further deliberation. Firstly, even though job-education mismatch, overeducation, overqualification, and underemployment are interchangeably used, these concepts have quite a distinct meaning. Secondly, when individuals’ skills are considered in discussing vertical and horizontal mismatch, the scope of mismatch tends to be broader than that of overeducation. Thirdly, the discussion on overeducation tends to concentrate on the level of study imbalance and not on both the level and type of study. Fourthly, job-education imbalance by the field of study (horizontal mismatch) is not easily defined, and the discussion tends to be related to overeducation.

Editorial: Foreign seasonal migrants in agriculture and COVID-19

Foreign seasonal migrants fill labour shortages in host countries if employers do not or cannot find available short-term labour from among the country’s own labour reserves. In reality, it is difficult to find seasonal workers from among the native population ready to work in the primary sector, making the sector highly dependent on a foreign workforce. Migration Letters as an international journal addresses the diversity of human migration and mobility, which includes a wide range of dynamic aspects affecting the modern world. The current fifth issue of volume 17 of the journal includes multi-sided content on the topic from papers around the world. It includes papers dealing with refugees, asylum seekers, displaced populations, migrant workers, job-education mismatch, the language proficiency of migrants, their personal networks and sex traffickers.

Hukou System, Horizontal, Vertical, and Full Job-Education Mismatch and Wage Progression among College Floating Population in Beijing, China

This article investigates college graduates in Beijing, China, and asks, First: Whether college graduates without local hukou are prone to educational mismatch? Second: What role does the hukou system play in the educational mismatch? And third: Whether college graduates without local hukou are willing to lower their wages in order to get a hukou? I use the Beijing College Students Panel Survey (BCSPS), and multinomial logit models and the linear regression analyses are conducted. I find that college graduates with (without) local hukou through job are more likely to be vertical and full mismatch than locals, and those who obtain a hukou through job have a higher full mismatch. After considering the educational mismatch, there is no significant difference in monthly wages between college graduates (not) having a hukou by work and locals.

Students’ Perceptions of Career Choices

This article explores college students’ perceptions of career choices using the data obtained in the cross-regional sociological monitoring study Contradictions and Paradoxes of Student Socialization in the Context of Transitivity of the Modern Russian Society (2016) and comparing its findings with those of similar studies conducted in 2006 and 2011. Perception of career as a means of personal development has been found to be the strongest career motivation for modern students, which improves their learning outcomes. However, students have little idea of the labor market situation and sector-specific demand, which results in job-education mismatch, oversupply in high-profile careers, shortages in other economic sectors, and graduate employment issues. Significant differences are revealed in perceived motivations for career choices between students and professors. Professional educators tend to underestimate the role of students’ interest in their prospective career and overestimate the role of external factors (parental influence, desire to obtain a diploma of higher education in no matter which field, etc.). Modern students, unlike their counterparts in the 1990s, seem to realize the correlation between their learning outcomes and their career success.

Dinamika Pendidikan Tinggi Vokasi Penerbangan Merespon Isu Industri 4.0

Talking about human development, the topic that keeps existing in higher education is skill-gap between university and industry. The challenge is getting harder with shifting conditions in the globe including the issue of industrial revolution 4.0. This challenge has an immediate effect on the existence and the development of vocational academy such as Indonesian Civil Aviation Institute. Therefore, this study explores the changes that occur in as Indonesian Civil Aviation Institute as a result of higher education policy in Indonesia. This study uses SWOT analysis to examine the strategies taken by this university to encounter the issue. According to this research, there are dynamic changes in the relation between this university, government, and industry as the outcome of dissimilar interpretation of the issue.
 
 References :
 Ayu, N.A.K. 2018. Peluang Social Innovation dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0: Bagaimana Perkembangannya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Forbil Institute
 Disas, E. P. Link and Match sebagai Kebijakan Pendidikan Kejuruan. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 18(2), 231-242.
 Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. 1995. The Triple Helix – University Industry Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development. EASST Review 14, 14-19.
 Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and '‘Mode 2'’ to a Triple Helix of University -Industry - Government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123.
 Izzati, MF & Wilopo. 2018. Implementasi Triple Helix Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Industri Kreatif Di Kota Malang Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Daya Saing Untuk Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB)Vol. 55 No. 1 Februari 2018 hal 59-68.
 McKinsey. 2015. Industry 4.0 How to navigate digitization of the manufacturing sector. England: Stamford
 Senarath, S. A. C. L., & Patabendige, S. S. J. (2014). Job-education mismatch among the graduates: A Sri Lankan Perspective. Ruhuna Journal of Management and Finance, 1(2), 1-16.
 UNIDO. Industry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges of the New Industrial Revolution for Developing Countries and Economies in Transition. Panel Discussion
 USDA. 2008. SWOT analysis a tool for making better business decisions. United States Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency.

Local governance, education and occupation-education mismatch: Heterogeneous effects on wages in a lower middle income economy

Using data from the first quarter of Labour Force Survey 2018, this paper examines the role of provincial governance, education and job-education mismatch in wage differentials in Vietnam. We find that good provincial governance benefits those in lower wage quantiles more than those in higher wage quantiles. Also, the returns on higher education qualifications (e.g., bachelor’s or master’s degrees) tend to be higher for those at the bottom than for those at the top of the wage scale. However, job-education mismatch has a negative effect on wage earnings in all wage quantiles considered and harms those in lower wage groups more than those in higher wage groups. Our research findings suggest that improving the quality of provincial governance, together with investment in higher education, can be expected not only to increase the income of wage earners but also reduce wage inequality in Vietnam. In addition, education and training systems should be designed to equip workers with the skills and knowledge to match the labour demands of local enterprises in Vietnam.

The Impact of Horizontal Job-Education Mismatches on the Earnings of Recent University Graduates in Russia

This paper analyses the determinants and consequences of horizontal job-education mismatches, an increasingly relevant topic in debates about education and labour markets. This issue reflects the articulation of educational fields and occupations in the labour market. We evaluate the determinants of job-education mismatches and their impact on salaries of university graduates using comprehensive and representative national data for Russia. The study is based in graduates' assessment and statistical analyses. We find that one-third of graduates in Russia work in a job that is not related to their field of study. Moreover, graduates from fields that either generate more general human capital (social sciences, business, law, services) or where low pay is common (agriculture) are more likely to be in that situation. On the contrary, graduates from fields that generate specific human capital (e.g.: medicine) are considerably more likely to be matched. We find that mismatches negatively affect the earnings of university graduates and the higher the degree of mismatch, the higher the penalty for the mismatch. The study depicts that mismatch is penalized in the majority of fields except for low-paid ones (e.g.: agriculture).

Brain Gain or Brain Waste? Horizontal, Vertical, and Full Job-Education Mismatch and Wage Progression among Skilled Immigrant Men in Canada

This study examines the incidence and wage effects of vertical, horizontal, and full job-education mismatch for high skilled immigrant and native-born men over a six-year period, using a Canadian longitudinal dataset. Immigrants (particularly racial minorities immigrants) are more likely to be fully mismatched than white native-born Canadians. Full mismatch lowers initial wages, especially for racial minority immigrants. Full mismatch accelerates immigrants' wage growth slightly over time, but this is not enough to narrow the immigrant wage gap over the six-year survey period. The results highlight the importance of disaggregating the different types of job-education mismatch experienced by immigrants.

Labor market consequences of the college boom around the world

As the number of secondary school graduates rises, many developing countries expand the supply of public and private universities or face pressure to do so. However, several factors point to the need for caution, including weak job markets, low-quality university programs, and job–education mismatches. More university graduates in this context could exacerbate unemployment, underemployment, and overeducation of professionals. Whether governments should regulate the quantity or quality of university programs, however, depends on the specific combination of factors in each country.

호텔산업의 직무-교육 불일치는 해소되는가?

This study identified the difference of job-education mismatch according to demographics and job characteristics to see if job-education mismatch in the Korean hospitality industry is a temporary phenomenon or a long-lasting problem. Job mobility theory based on human capital theory supports the theory that job-education mismatch is a temporary mismatch because overeducated workers rapidly get promoted or move to higher level jobs. However, job competitiveness theory describes job-education mismatch as a long-lasting problem with negative effects on productivity. The data were collected from employees in five deluxe hotels throughout Seoul. After removing any spoiled submissions, 291 surveys were analyzed. The results showed that job-education mismatch was reduced as age, tenure, and internal/external career mobility increased to a certain extent, but it was proved a chronic problem in the overall results. It was found that job-education mismatch in the Korean hospitality industry can be a persistent phenomenon rather than a temporary mismatch. Furthermore, it was found that job-education mismatch is better explained by job competitiveness theory than it is by job mobility theory. In the final section, theoretical and practical implications of these results are suggested.

An Analysis of the Determinants of Over-Education Among Italian Ph.D Graduates

The paper examines the determinants of over-education among Italian Ph.D graduates drawn from the four cohorts 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 surveyed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). We study over-education through the definitions of over-skilling, over-qualification and a combination of the two phenomena (genuine over-education). The analysis spans the years 2004–2014 allowing us to investigate job education mismatch before and during the severe economic crisis. The results show that socio-demographic variables do not exert a relevant influence on Ph.D graduates’ over-education contradicting what the empirical literature has found for college graduates. More than socio-demographic variables, those variables related to the doctoral educational path turn out to be positively strategic for the outcome in the labor market. In particular, an experience abroad is always a positive driver to overcome any kind of job mismatch. Similarly, job related characteristics are also relevant determinants of over-education with jobs within the academia or the research sector more often associated with successful labor matching. Conversely, accessing jobs via informal channels or working as self-employed increases the risk of over-education. The investigation of the effect of the recent economic crisis emphasizes how the recession makes the labor market more selective with Ph.D and job-related variables, worsening the risk of incurring in job-education mismatch. Finally, we discuss some policy implications in the light of the empirical findings of our analysis.

Job opportunities and school-to-work transitions in occupational labour markets. Are occupational change and unskilled employment after vocational education interrelated?

This study links TREE panel data surveying school-to-work transitions in Switzerland with unique job advertising data from the Swiss Job Market Monitor that mirrors individual job opportunities. We investigate: (i) whether occupational change and unskilled entry level employment are two related transition outcomes among graduates from initial vocational education and training (IVET) in the occupational labour market of Switzerland. Our analysis further focuses on (ii) the impact of a low number of occupation-specific job opportunities on the risk of such a combined horizontal and vertical job-education mismatch, and (iii) the extent to which overall labour demand facilitates occupational changes to skilled employment. We make use of bivariate probit analysis to investigate occupational change and unskilled entry employment among IVET graduates as interrelated transition outcomes. The empirical results suggest that occupational change and unskilled entry employment are two interrelated transition outcomes among IVET graduates in Switzerland. The results further support our hypothesis that a low number of occupation-specific job vacancies at labour market entry increase the risk of simultaneously experiencing both forms of job-education mismatches for IVET graduates. High overall labour demand enables occupational changes to skilled employment. We conclude that for an integration of IVET graduates into occupationally and educationally matching positions it is crucial that the IVET programmes offered match labour demand on an occupational basis.

Job-major match and job satisfaction in Italy

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study how graduates’ jobs may be determined by their educational performances and social background. In particular, the authors investigate job-education mismatch and job satisfaction to evaluate whether time spent and effort exerted during university studies were compensated with a good job.Design/methodology/approach– Data on the occupational status of the graduates 36 months after graduation, collected by the Padua University on its graduates, are analysed by means of univariate and multivariate methodologies. In particular, the pathways from graduates’ social capital to job satisfaction are investigated through a structural equation modelling approach.Findings– The authors find that a minority of graduates can be considered as overeducated when considering the requirements of the labour market, but many graduates state that any degree would suffice for their job. Multivariate analyses show that graduates’ job quality is related to their university choice and outcome, high school choice and performance, social capital. Destiny is written from the beginning of the educational pathway, but students can affect their labour market future with an appropriate choice of university programme.Originality/value– The qualified point of this paper lies on the complexity of the model adopted for the analysis and its ability to highlight direct and indirect effects: two job outcomes (job-major match and job satisfaction) are the variables of interest, analysed within a structural model covering all educational stages of the Italian educational pathway, from parental social background to university degree.