Job Decisions Research Articles

Answering the call: Experiences of nurses of color during COVID-19.

In the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, issues such as high job demands, burnout, and turnover continue to influence the nursing workforce, with heavier impacts to marginalized groups. Understanding the work and life contexts of nurses of color can help guide strategies for workplace equity and meaningful support. This qualitative study explored the experiences of nurses of color in the United States during the pandemic, focusing on feelings about the profession and job decisions. The overarching theme was "answering the call," with subthemes of "COVIDshone a light," "being consumed by COVID,"and "is it worth it?"Participants shared how their racial identities shaped their perceptions and job decisions in positive and negative ways, noting how racism impacted many facets of their work and added to the stressors felt in the workplace and the community. Findings provide insight into the underrepresented perspectives of nurses of color and suggest strategies to eliminate racism in nursing.

Nurses’ job preferences on the internet plus nursing service program: a discrete choice experiment

BackgroundThe Internet Plus Nursing Service (IPNS) is being instigated in all provincial-level regions throughout China, in which registered nurses (with more than five years of experience from qualified medical institutions) will provide services to those in their communities or homes after receiving online applications. The growing shortage of human resources in nursing is a critical issue for this project, so effective policies for recruiting and retaining nurses are critical.ObjectiveThis study aims to pinpoint the significant job characteristics that play a crucial role in shaping the job decisions of sharing nurses in the IPNS program, and to estimate the strength of job attributes.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to assess job attributes influencing sharing nurses’ preferences. A qualitative design, including in-depth interview and focus interview methods, was conducted to determine the inclusion of attributes. The final included six attributes were: work modes, duration per visit, income per visit, personal safety, medical risk prevention, and refresher training. This study was conducted at 13 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China, from April to June 2022, and a total of 220 registered sharing nurses participated in the survey. The multinomial logit model explored attributes and relative valued utility. Preference heterogeneity is explored via latent class analysis (LCA) models.ResultsA total of 220 participants answered the questionnaire. Income was the most influential characteristic of a sharing nursing position, followed by personal safety management, duration per visit, medical risk prevention, and refresher training, and nurses’ preferences differed among different types of classes.ConclusionsSharing nurses place most value on income and personal safety with career-related decisions, which indicates an urgent need to develop complete security for personal safety. This study can be helpful to decision-makers in the Chinese government.

Doctoral students from Chinese prestigious universities who wish to work in the government sector: Perceptions and mechanisms

AbstractThis paper addresses the perceptions and mechanisms of doctoral student job decisions regarding the pursuit of careers in the government sector in China. Through the lens of social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we analysed 30 semi‐structured interviews that had been conducted with doctoral students from two prestigious Chinese universities who wish to work as civil servants. This study describes doctoral students' understanding of careers in government employment from the perspectives of work content, promotion channels and professional norms. The mechanisms influencing student career choices include personal goals, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and environment. The clear goal of political ambition and work–life balance directly drives doctoral students to choose government institutions for employment. The diploma signal of doctoral degree itself and academic training give doctoral students a high sense of self‐efficacy, which is necessary for their choice of employment in the government. Occupational safety, occupational benefits and occupational value constitute the expectations of positive outcomes providing doctoral students with good feedback. In the current environment, the labour market situation and the impetus of universities combine to form a push force and the preferential recruitment policies of the state form a pull force, which jointly promote doctoral students to make decisions to work in government sector. In this paper, the fact that the Chinese government introduced the ‘special selected graduates’ scheme for doctoral students from prestigious universities in hope of recruiting intellectual elites to improve the quality of civil servants and the modernization level of social governance. Universities encourage PhD graduates to enter the government, hoping that this would enhance their social influence and reputation, thereby safeguarding their status as prestigious universities. From an institutional perspective, the process of doctoral students becoming civil servants can be said to be a form of cooperation between the government and universities.

A Multiple Case Study of Career Construction and Career Development Processes of People with Adventitious Blindness

A Multiple Case Study of Career Construction and Career Development Processes of People with Adventitious Blindness

The Probability of Part-Time Job for Tuition Assistance Receiver Students

Education is one of the necessary conditions for employment. Often, getting an education requires significant expenses, so not everyone can afford to pay for college. Universities implement support programs for students to give them wider opportunities for obtaining an education. In addition, although students are classified as a non-working population, they sometimes engage in activities for which they receive wages, so they can be considered part-time workers. Previous research suggests that tuition assistance may reduce students' incentives to work and increase their consumer spending, making part-time job a secondary priority for economic reasons. This study aims to analyze the opportunities for part-time jobs for students who receive tuition assistance with the variables used, namely the tuition assistance scheme, gender, consumption expenditure, employment status, and employment sector. Sriwijaya University is the oldest university in South Sumatra, with students receiving tuition assistance in 2022 amounted to 4569 students. The sample used in this research is 100 students who receive tuition assistance. The data used for the analysis are primary data collected by the questionnaire method. The analysis technique used in this study uses a binary logistic regression model using the SPSS 22 analysis tool. The results showed that the variables of assistance schemes, consumption expenditures, and jobs in the service sector had a significant effect on students' part-time job decisions. The type of work in the service sector is the dominant factor for students working part-time. The results of this study can be used in developing government policies for part-time workers and students regarding time management.

The examination of job separation tendency of nursing staff in the first public–private joint-venture hospital in Taiwan: a multiple mediation model of job satisfaction and job performance

Nursing staff are the largest number of employees in hospitals and the high turnover rate is a global problem, which is also a critical issue faced by many hospitals in Taiwan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting the job turnover of nursing staff and to propose suggestions to reduce job turnover. The results showed that among demographic variables, all variables except the affiliated unit were significantly positively or negatively related to job turnover intention. In the job characteristic analysis, it was found that job structure, repetitiveness of the job, the participation of nursing staff in job decisions, and compassionate leadership style were the antecedent variables affecting the intention to leave. Among organizational factors, colleague rapport was an antecedent variable to the intention to leave. Fairness of distribution, opportunity of in-service education, and colleague rapport added to job satisfaction to decrease the intention to leave. When using job performance as a mediation variable, this study found that promotion opportunity, fairness of distribution, and opportunity of in-service education could not affect the intention to leave through job performance. This study also found that the external job opportunities variable could be through a mediation variable, job satisfaction or job performance, which in turn affected the intention to leave. Several suggestions were proposed for top hospital management personnel, such as management by participation, planning a clear job structure, job rotation and job enrichment, and establishing a good working atmosphere and working environment to reduce job turnover.

Career Path Decisions and Sustainable Options

Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environment, where individuals have a wider range of choices of occupations and jobs than ever before. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in career guidance theory and recommends a holistic approach towards ‘Career Path Guidance’, incorporating psychological, sociological and developmental perspectives. An approach that considers several future steps in a career cannot be without challenges. The contextual and environmental situations along with individual characteristics are subject to change along a career path. Additionally, different stages in a career path are another variable that needs consideration to achieve a sustainable future. It has, therefore, been proposed that the career course be mapped by considering external factors, internal improvements and path-related dynamism. A multidimensional understanding of career guidance and the amount, complexity and sensitivity of the data involved mean that this approach may be better executed using computer-assisted systems that can source and logically analyze a large amount of information from several sources to produce coherent, sustainable and practical career path decisions.

학교-직장 이행기 청년의 부정적 자기개념, 진로자기효능감, 직업가치관의 종단적 관계

Objectives This study conducted analysis to examine longitudinal relationships among the negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods that affect job decisions and choices. Methods For this, an autoregressive cross-lagged model was utilized on data from the 8th (2014) to 12th (2018) Youth Panels of the Korea Employment Information Service, which provides representative statistics on the youth labor market and school life. Results The main results were as follows. First, negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values during the college period stably predicted those in the future during the working period and previous early working periods stably predicted working periods after two years. The autoregressive parameters of negative self-concepts and career self-efficacy appeared lower than those of occupational values, showing that the variability of negative self-concepts or career self-efficacy can be more dynamic than that of occupational values. Second, higher occupational values of previous points in time led to higher career self-efficacy and less negative self-concepts at later points in time, verifying that occupational values are an extremely important factor in the lives of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods. Conclusions Based on these research results, verifications were made that education on occupational values must be conducted at sites of career education and further, this provided implications regarding the importance of career education program management, the roles of universities, and counseling intervention.

A systematic review of registered nurse turnover and retention in the United States

BackgroundThe pandemic has highlighted the struggles of nurses and risks of workforce shortages. Analysis of nurses’ job decisions is necessary to mitigate these risks. PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to understand factors associated with registered nurse (RN) work outcomes in the United States, and to examine the inclusion of equity and wellness concepts in this body of literature. MethodsThis review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Studies from PubMed and CINAHL were included if they focused on RNs in the United States in the past 10 years. A total of 34 studies are included in the review. FindingsRN work outcomes are impacted by individual, unit level, and organizational factors. Few studies address equity, and many only address RN health in terms of burnout. DiscussionFuture work needs to draw samples from broader practice settings, focus on interventions that promote positive outcomes, and focus on equity and the wellbeing of RNs.

Exploring Variables Affecting Future Job Decisions of University Students: Focusing on The Variables of High School

목적 본 연구는 대학생의 미래 직업 결정을 예측하는 고등학교 시기의 개인적⋅환경적⋅맥락적 변수를 탐색하고, 주요 예측변수들의 영향력이 어떠한지 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 방법 한국교육고용패널Ⅱ 1차년도(고2), 2차년도(고3), 4차년도(대2) 7,984명의 자료를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 예측변수를 탐색하기 위해 세 가지 머신러닝 기법을 적용하여 최종적으로 예측력이 가장 우수하게 나타난 랜덤포레스트 기법을 활용하였으며, 로지스틱 회귀모형을 통해 주요 예측변수들의 영향력을 분석하였다. 결과 본 연구의 주요결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 랜덤포레스트 분석 결과 대학생의 미래 직업 결정을 예측하는 주요 변수로 학교생활(5개), 진로계획 및 직업의식(9개), 일반적 특성(1개) 영역에 걸쳐 고등학교 시기의 15개 변인이 도출되었다. 둘째, 도출된 주요 예측변수의 영향력을 탐색하기 위한 로지스틱 회귀모형을 분석한 결과, 고등학교 시기에 졸업 이후 진로에 대한 계획을 가질수록, 미래 직업을 결정했을수록, 여학생일수록, 대학생 시기에 미래 직업을 결정할 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 결론 본 연구의 종합적인 결과를 바탕으로 보다 효과적이고 실증적인 진로교육을 제공하기 위한 시사점과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

"What ELSE about this job?" Teaching Job Decision-Making to College Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Decision-making is the central element of self-determination, requiring targeted, systematic instruction to learn. In this study, researchers developed a multicomponent intervention, “What ELSE about this job?”, to teach job decision-making skills to college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The intervention coupled remote audio coaching (RAC) with a mnemonic device, ‘ELSE’, to guide students to make decisions about whether certain jobs would be a good fit for them. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention and determine whether the skills would maintain once the intervention was removed. All students who received the intervention substantially increased their ability to make job decisions. Additionally, all participants maintained the skills upon removal of the intervention, and showed signs of generalizing their skills to novel job coaches and web-based job search apps. Implications and future research are discussed.

Understanding RN job decisions with a lens of equity and wellness

The nursing workforce is in trouble, and we cannot blame it all on COVID. Prior to the pandemic, high rates of turnover and attrition from the profession as well as retirements and faculty shortages impacted the supply of registered nurses (RNs) even as increasing age and chronic illness in the United States (U.S.) population increased demand. To meet the changing demands of the population with skilled RNs now and in the years to come, The Future of Nursing Report, 2020-2030 identifies several critical components of workforce supply (National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine [NASEM], 2021):Conclusion 3-1: A substantial increase in the numbers, types, and distribution of members of the nursing workforce and improvements in their knowledge and skills in addressing social determinants of health are essential to filling gaps in care related to sociodemographic and population factors.

Public Personnel Job Satisfaction and Retention: The Effects of Perceived Image and Prestige of Government Jobs

ABSTRACT Given the turbulent development of Russian public service after the socialism-capitalism transition in the 1990s and continuous government bashing, one might expect finding low morale and negative perceptions of government jobs among public administrators. This study examines the factors that influence job satisfaction (JS) and government job decisions (GJD) of government employees and tests their tenure intentions. The study uses the internal vs. external prestige and the positive vs. negative government image concepts to measure the attitudes. The results of ordinal and binomial logistic regressions suggest that government employees’ perceptions of government image, and prestige influence JS and GJD.

To Follow the Prescribed Pathway? Aspiring Professional Women and Anticipations of Work–Family Conflict1

Women have made rapid progress in the professional arena yet numerous studies document how issues of work–family conflict continue to disproportionately affect women’s careers. This paper asks if and how anticipations of work–family conflict emerge in aspiring professional women’s career decision‐making processes before they enter the labor market and further, how these anticipations shape career‐relevant decisions. Using interview data with 43 women students at two universities in MBA, JD, and PhD programs as a case study of aspiring professional women, I find that students in graduate programs feel channeled toward “prescribed pathways,” or normalized, high‐status career paths. At the same time, women students come to view these pathways as the most susceptible to work–family conflict while they frame other, less institutionally normalized pathways as more suitable for balancing with family life. Using data on interviewees’ real job decisions, I then outline three distinct ways in which women’s views regarding future work–family conflict translate into career choices, arguing that seemingly gender‐neutral professionalization contexts such as graduate school impact how women come to view certain career paths as more or less family‐friendly and relatedly, their subsequent short and long‐term career‐relevant decisions.

ASSESSING JOB PREFERENCES OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION STUDENTS IN THE COVID ERA: A CONJOINT ANALYSIS

The purpose of this paper is to explore job attribute preferences of students in the media and communication stream. The study is conducted to get an understanding of job expectations of students in the COVID era that can help provide conceptual guidelines to hiring managers in media houses for future planning of manpower/job offers. Based on the conjoint analysis technique, a questionnaire was designed and responses of 152 students of media and communication were recorded from a university in Delhi/NCR. Estimation of preference function was created using orthogonal arrays. Results of this study suggest that job security is the most preferred attribute which influences job choice decisions of students, second preferred attribute being appropriate work hours. The paper presents an important tool that can be of great use for recruitment managers, to understand the psyche of students and their preferences, which may further help in designing appropriate recruitment policies and create job offers that can attract the suitable talent pool. Results also reveal that high compensation package is not the most preferred attribute anymore, perhaps due to the uncertainty of the times. Limitation of this study is that individual behaviour cannot be ascertained through the survey and data from students of different universities can be studied for more robust results. The paper is novel in approach as it empirically identifies the preferred job attributes of media students amid the pandemic situation, by applying conjoint analysis. Therefore, it gives new insights to understand how the pandemic has affected students’ job expectations and decisions.

Graduating midwifery students’ preferred model of practice and first job decisions: A qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore and describe the preferred model of practice and first job decisions of final stage midwifery students from three Western Australian universities. DesignQualitative descriptive. SettingThree Western Australian (WA) universities offering courses leading to registration as a midwife. ParticipantsTwenty-seven midwifery students from undergraduate and postgraduate (pre-registration) courses. MethodsData were collected from recorded interviews and focus groups. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was used to identify commonalities. Data saturation guided when recruitment ceased and final sample size was achieved. FindingsParticipants’ preferred model of maternity care was influenced by learning about and witnessing both autonomous midwifery practice and collaborative care during their studies. The greatest influence was clinical experience, with most preferring a continuity of midwifery model (CoM) but first consolidating their practice in a public hospital. Most students reported that they would not choose a private hospital as their first option. Work/life balance was also considered, with some accepting that family commitments and a need to work close to home may prevent them from choosing a CoM model. Conclusion and implicationsAlthough many Australian midwifery students start their midwifery course with preconceived ideology of their eventual workplace, the influences of their educators, clinical placement environment, preceptors and continuity of care experience relationships with women helped determine their final direction. To provide students with the experiences to become woman-centred autonomous practitioners it is important for universities and all maternity care providers to carefully consider their responsibility in how they influence midwifery students in education and practice.

Pemanfaatan Konseling Kelompok Trait and Factor dalam Pemahaman Minat, Bakat, dan Kepribadian terhadap Ketepatan Pemilihan Program Kerja pada Siswa SMK

THE USE OF TRAIT AND FACTOR GROUP COUNSELING IN UNDERSTANDING INTERESTS, TALENTS, AND PERSONALITY ON THE ACCURACY OF WORK PROGRAM SELECTION OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS. Students at the SMK level are a strategic age in terms of maturing individual attitudes, so it is important to be able to understand and be able to make proper plans in considering and making job decisions. But in fact, there are still many students who still have difficulties because they do not know their interests, talents, potentials, and lack information. According to researchers, the trait and factor group counseling is felt to be very helpful for students to measure the level of basic intelligence, talents, interests, and personality of students as well as the continuation of work or study, to recognize the weaknesses and strengths of each psychological aspect of each student. The results and measurements indicate that the accuracy of students in choosing work programs before being given the trait and factor group counseling is included in the medium category. And after being given group counseling, the accuracy of choosing a work program was included in the high category.

To Switch or Not to Switch? The Influence of School Choice and Labor Market Segmentation on Teachers' Job Searches.

Informal and institutional barriers may limit teacher movement between charter schools and traditional public schools (TPSs). However, we know little about how teachers choose schools in areas with a robust charter school sector. This study uses qualitative data from 123 teachers to examine teachers' job decisions in three cities with varying charter densities: San Antonio, Detroit, and New Orleans. Our findings illuminate different types of segmentation and factors that facilitate and limit mobility between sectors. We find that structural policies within each sector can create barriers to mobility across charter schools and TPSs and that teachers' ideological beliefs and values serve as informal, personal barriers that reinforce divides between sectors. This study offers implications for policy in districts with school choice.

Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Railroad Maintenance-of-Way Workers.

The aim of this study was to measure musculoskeletal disorders and occupational risk factors among railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers. Four thousand eight hundred sixteen active, retired, and disabled members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a survey. Compared with U.S. employed men, adjusting for age, race, and region, active male MOW workers were more likely to report "repeated lifting, pushing, pulling, or bending" at work (74.6% vs 46.9%), not enough staff (88.1% vs 65.2%), and a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (7.9% vs 3.6%). They were less likely to report management priority on workplace health and safety (59.37% vs 94.8%), ability to make job decisions on their own (68.4% vs 87.7%), and supervisor support (60.3% vs 90.8%) (all comparisons, P < 0.001). Prevention programs should address risk of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational hazards faced by MOW workers.

Young Disabled Adults Facing Developmental Tasks and Life Choices – In Search of Daily Life Quality

Emerging adulthood, in numerous individual biographies, also in the case of disabled people, is the time of permanent need for self-actualisation and time of verifying one’s subjective vision of “being an adult,” i.e. being responsible for one’s own decisions, pursuing professional and economic independence. Due to developmental acceleration, sociological shift in terms of undertaken roles and realized developmental tasks as well as their moratoriumlinked delays, it is also the time conducive to educational activity. This psychological time of a young person, its course and specificity depend, to a large extent, on numerous (micro-, mezo- and macro-) conditions of family life and social life in today’s world which is more competitive and less predictable than it used to be for generation of the late 1990s. All of these factors contribute to the fact that maturing to adulthood seems to be a state which is harder to achieve nowadays. It is displayed in the form of delaying the moment of taking up a job or other important decisions in family and relationship contexts.The study aims to present the selected aspects of daily life of disabled young adults, described in the context of developmental tasks of this period and considering the perspective of investment in relationships, development of one’s own resources, pursuing education and entering the job market which are all, from a temporal perspective, a chance of complementing one’s own identity.