Jiroft Area Research Articles

Promote the Yield and Physiological Traits in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) by Application of Salicylic Acid and Potassium under Water Stress Conditions

Background: Determination of the most important level of salicylic acid to increase guar yield in drought stress conditions. Methods: In order to study the effect of potassium and salicylic acid on agricultural and physiological traits of guar in different irrigation treatments, a field experiment was conducted during 2020-2021 under the climatic conditions of Jiroft area (Kerman province, Iran) in the farm of research center and agricultural and natural resources education. The experimental treatments include three levels of irrigation (regular irrigation, stress 60 and 80% of the plant’s water requirement) in strip plots, three levels of salicylic acid (no application, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) as foliar spraying and two levels of potassium (no application and use of 100% of the plant’s need for potassium) in horizontal plots. Result: The results showed that drought stress and application of potassium and salicylic acid had a significant effect on all traits. Decreasing the amount of water led to a decrease in the physiological and functional characteristics of guar compared to regular irrigation. But potassium and salicylic acid were able to improve the yield characteristics and yield of guar under stress and non-stress conditions and the use of potassium + 0.5 mM salicylic acid were introduced as the best treatment for both conditions. This treatment at 60% stress led to an increase in plant height (91%), the number of leaves (37%), the number of pods (85%), seed number (70%), seed yield (100%), chlorophyll a (61%), chlorophyll b (59%) and carotenoid (100%) compared to the control treatment.

The Effect of Planting Arrangement, Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Physiological Traits and Guar Yield (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Background: The guar, known as Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., is an annual, summer plant of the legume family and importance of guar as a food, industrial and medicinal product is new in the cultivation pattern. Methods: This combined experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2020-2021) under the climatic conditions of Jiroft area (Kerman province, Iran) in the farm of research center and agricultural and natural resources education. Three levels of Nitrogen (20, 60 and 100 kg pure nitrogen per hectare) from a source of urea and phosphorus fertilizer at two levels (zero and 75 kg P2O5 source per hectare) and a source of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer and three levels of planting row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) equivalent to 47, 31 and 24 plants per square meter, plant density was taken into account. Result: The highest chlorophyll a (2.69 mg/fresh weight), chlorophyll b (1.97 mg/fresh weight) and carotenoid (2.64 mg/fresh weight) was measured for guar in treatment N3P2D3 under application nitrogen 100 kg/ha-1 + phosphorus 75 kg/ha-1 + planting row distance 60 cm, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.85 mg/fresh weight), chlorophyll b (1.25 mg/fresh weight) and carotenoid (1.72 mg/fresh weight)was observed in treatment N1P1D1 under nitrogen 20 kg/ha-1 + phosphorus zero kg/ha-1 + planting row distance 30 cm.

Investigation of Phosphorus and Potassium Biological Fertilizers on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Physiological Traits at Different Ages of the Field

Background: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most productive plant in terms of nitrogen fixation and the suitable amount of protein and carotene has a significant impact on the nutritional quality of alfalfa. Methods: This combined experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2019-2020) under the climatic conditions of Jiroft area (Kerman province, Iran). The studied factors included alfalfa age (one, three and five-years old) and bio-fertilizers (Control, Potash-Barvar (KSB), Phosphate Barvar II (PSB), Potash-Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II) (KSB+PSB). The biofertilizers were used along with irrigation water. The studied physiological traits included nitrogen, phosphorus, crude protein, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde (MDA) and sodium amount. Result: The highest amount of crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and soluble sugars was observed in three-years old fields under the treatment of bio-fertilizers Potash Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II (KSB+PSB) (37.78%, 9.79%, 0.51% and 324.75% respectively). Unlike other treatments, the highest amount of sodium (0.95%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (83.99 μM g-1FW) was measured for alfalfa in treatment one-years old field under no-fertilizers (control), while the lowest amount of sodium (0.49%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (55.94 μM g-1FW) was observed in treatment five-years old field under bio-fertilizers Potash Barvar + Phosphate Barvar II (KSB+PSB) application.

Weed Population Indices of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Monoculture Systems in the Jiroft Area

Weed Population Indices of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Monoculture Systems in the Jiroft Area

New insights into the characterization and provenance of chlorite objects from the Jiroft civilization in Iran

New excavations at prehistoric sites within Jiroft County provide a good opportunity re-examining the archaeological records about the south-eastern cultures of Iran. Symbolic, decorative and carved stones are among the most important objects which have been found in Jiroft and have previously been identified as Soapstone. Geochemical analysis using QXRD, XRF and light microscopy suggests that the chlorite objects excavated from the Jiroft area appear to be mostly derived from provincial chlorite outcrops. These quarries have a type of metamorphic rocks produced by dynamothermal metasomatism along the subduction orogeny zone of Zagros. The distribution and composition of these artefacts suggests that talc and tremolite was not occurred within the samples. Therefore previously reported Soapstone from Jiroft should be redefined as chlorite with two major phases, Clinochlore and Sapphirine.

Recognition of an enhanced multi-element geochemical signature of porphyry copper deposits for vectoring into mineralized zones and delimiting exploration targets in Jiroft area, SE Iran

Delimiting exploration targets using geochemical exploration data can be a challenging issue when different geochemical signatures represent the same deposit-type sought. In this regard, fuzzy operators have been used to integrate different geochemical evidence layers into a single model for generating target areas. In this paper, a GIS-based expected value function was adapted to integrate different geochemical evidence layers into a stronger geochemical signature for delimiting exploration targets. Then, the expected value function and fuzzy operators were compared. The comparison demonstrated that the former is more efficient than the later for generating a stronger geochemical evidence layer. The higher efficiency of the expected value function is because it simultaneously uses the value of all input variables and their relative importance in the process of integration. The proposed approach was evaluated by using a lithogeochemical data set for prospecting porphyry-Cu deposits in Jiroft area, Kerman province, southeast of Iran, as a case study.

Soil and desert varnish development as indicators of landform evolution in central Iranian deserts

Desert varnish (or rock varnish) and soils of Jiroft area, south central Iran play a crucial role in the evolution of landforms in this arid setting containing mantled pediments, rock pediments, inselbergs, alluvial fans, alluvial plains, and flood plains. Mantled pediment contains three stable, semi-stable, and unstable surfaces as indicated by desert varnish and soil development properties. However, alluvial fan could be divided into apex and mid fan settings based on slope position. Mid-fan settings include both stable and unstable surfaces, based on varnish properties. About 100 rocks containing varnish were selected randomly on each geomorphic surface. In addition, a representative soil pedon was described and sampled on each surface for a total of 10 pedons. Results of the study show that brown to black coatings of varnish with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) range of 8.5–21cmolckg−1 were composed of <0.2–50μm particles. Magnetic susceptibility of varnish samples fluctuated between 300 and 185510−8m3kg−1 and Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and Mg concentrations were 26.4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.1, and 2.2%, respectively. Age and development indices such as cation-ratio of desert varnish (with the range of 6.14 to 14) and activity ratio of Feo/Fed (with the range of 0.03 to 0.35) of soils decreased with increasing stability of geomorphic surface and soil development. Chlorite, smectite, illite, palygorskite, and kaolinite clay minerals exist in the clay fraction of studied soils. In addition, chlorite, smectite, vermiculite, sepiolite, illite, palygorskite, kaolinite together with zeolite, quartz, and feldspar tectosilicates were found in desert varnish. Cation-ratio of varnish and activity ratio of Feo/Fed in different geomorphic positions together with soil properties provide a simple method to study the evolution of landforms in this warm desert setting.

Evaluating yield and some traits of potato in prevent freezing cropaid of Jiroft area

Evaluating yield and some traits of potato in prevent freezing cropaid of Jiroft area

Anopheline mosquitoes and their role for malaria transmission in an endemic area, southern Iran

Objective To find the fauna of Anopheles mosquitoes for control implementation in Jiroft, a southern city of Iran with subtropical climate and seasonal malaria transmission. Methods Anopheles specimens from the various mountainous and plain villages in Jiroft area were collected during malaria transmission from 2006 to 2007. Different methods of collection including hand catch, night biting catch using animal and human bait, total catch and shelter pit and larval collection were performed using WHO methods. Results In total, 365 larvae and 871 adult mosquitoes were colleted and identified using morphological characters and DNA sequence data. Faunistic investigation showed that Anopheles species including Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles superpictus ( An. superpictus), Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles sergenti ( An. sergenti), Anopheles pulchrrimus ( An. pulchrrimus), Anopheles turkhodi and Anopheles dthali were found in the study area. An. sergenti, An. pulcherrimus and An. superpictus were reported for the first time in Jiroft. Conclusions It can be concluded that several malaria species can be found in this region. In addition to the fauna, further investigation is required on the ecology and bionomics of Anopheline mosquitoes for the implementation of vector control as well as malariological survey in the region.

Chemical Compositions of Salix aegyptiaca. L. Obtained by Simultaneous Hydrodistilation and Extraction

Volatile components obtained from Salix aegyptiaca L. from Jiroft area in kerman province, Iran was fractionated by simultaneous hydrodistilation and extraction (SHDE) with xylene as solvent using modified Clevenger apparatus and other two traditional extraction methods such as hydrodistilation liquid-liquid extraction (HD-LLE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) with different solvents. Then volatile oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using flame ionization and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection. Simultaneous hydrodistilation and extraction volatile oils of S. aegyptiaca L. and other methods extraction product had very different compositions. The major difference was in the 1,4 -dimethoxy benzene content witch was (58.9 %) in the SHDE product, (53.3 %) in HD-LLE and the range of (1.0 % – 1.6 %) in SE obtained with several solvent.

La vallée de l'Halil Roud (région de Jiroft, Iran) : étude géoarchéologique, méthodologie et résultats préliminaires

Abstract : The Jiroft area, located in a semi-arid zone along the Halil Rud in southeastern Iran, seems to have been an important cultural center during the 3rd millennium ВС. This paper presents the preliminary results of the first two years (2004 and 2005) of a geoarchae- ological program carried out at the invitation of Prof. Madjidzadeh. The Quaternary geomorphological dynamics in the valley are studied, and we present the preliminary results of a geophysical prospection (electro-magnetism, seismic refraction, radar) carried out in January 2005. Climatic aridity, seismicity and large, sudden floods are the most important risks for human societies in the Jiroft basin. Artesian wells and abundant phreatic water are of primary importance for human settlements even though the water is salty. The reconstruction ofpaleoalluvialfans and fossil riverbeds under several meters ofHolocene deposits, should come first in our attempt to understand the paleogeography of the valley.

The Effect of Pollens of Five Different Male-palm Trees on the Physical Characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati Date C.V.

The type of pollens of the date palm trees could affect on the outward and physical characteristics of date fruits, so far to determine its qualitative and quantitative aspects (15). Therefore careful selection of proper pollen for pollination of the date palms is considered of high importance. This research work was conducted to select the best pollinizers and to study the effects of pollens of five varieties of male trees, from Shahdad area, on the outward and physical characteristics of `Jiroft Mazafati'. For analyzing the results of this experiment, a completely randomized block statistical project was implemented for a period of 2 years from 1991 to 1993. The site of this experiment was in Jiroft area in Kerman Province. In this experiment, after pollination samples of fruit were collected during unripe (Kharak), ripe, and dry fruit stages and required information were recorded. Fruit length and diameter, seed length and diameter, weight of fruit, weight of seed, pulp weight, ration of fruit pulp to seed, ratio of fruit length to diameter, volume of fruit, weight of one full cluster of fruits, and finally the time of ripening were measured. Statistical calculations, analysis of compound variations and evaluation of treatments by Duncan's test indicate that different treatments of pollens will have no effect from statistical point of view on the ratio of fruit pulp to seed and the ratio of fruit length to diameter, and there are no significant differences. But there are significant effects on the other outward and physical characteristics of the fruit, and the differences from statistical point of view are considerable. The type of pollens are effective on the ripening time of the fruit and this difference ranges from 15 to 25 days for different treatments, which is important from early ripening point of view of the product.

Effect of Pollen of Five Different Male Palm Trees on the Chemical Characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati Date

The type of pollen of date palm trees could affect the chemical characteristics of the fruit, and determine the quality and quantitative aspects. Careful selection of proper pollen for pollination of date palm is very important. This research was conducted for the selection of the best pollinizers and to study the effects of five varieties of male trees from the Shahdad area on the chemical characteristics of `Jiroft Mazafati' date. A completely random block was used for analysis of the 2 years of data (1991–1993). The study sight was in the Jiroft area of Kerman Province, Iran. Samples of fruit were collected after the pollination process and the required information recorded. Total dry matter, fruit moisture, total sugar content, fruit ash, and fruit pH were measured. Statistical calculations analysis and compound variations and evaluations of the treatments by Duncan's test indicate that, statistically, the different treatments have no effect on the fruit pH, and the difference are not significant. There are statistically significant effects on the other chemical characteristics of the fruit.