Stramonium Research Articles

Bio-sorption of methylene blue using Datura stramonium leaves as adsorbent

Present study was accomplished to prospect the viability of using the Datura stramonium leaves powder (DS) as an adsorbent to remove the methylene blue from aqueous solution. The physico-chemical characteristics of the studied adsorbent were examined. The optimum parameters such as contact time, particle size, absorbent dose, initial methylene blue concentration, and pH were investigated by performing batch experiments models. The kinetics and the isotherms adsorption were evaluated by varying the initial concentration and using the optimum parameters. The optimum of contact time is 30min, with a removal capacity of 89.60 %. The optimal adsorbent concentration to reach the maximum removal of methylene blue (89.54 %) is 18 g/L. An initial methylene blue concentration of 50 ppm is ideal to reach the maximum capacity of removal (92.72 %). The optimum particle size is 80 mm. The kinetics of the adsorption process are in accordance with the pseudo-second order model. Experimental values of the adsorption capacity are close proximity to the optimum values predicted by the pseudo-second order model. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Harkin-Jura and Hasley isotherms were applied to represent the data obtained from the adsorption studies. The highest R2 values were related to Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Hasley isotherm models.

Study on the enhancement effect of EDTA and oxalic acid on phytoremediation of Cr(VI) from soil using Datura stramonium L.

This study investigated the enhancing effects of soil treatment with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and oxalic acid (OA) on the remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil by Datura stramonium L. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted, where Cr(VI) contaminated soil was treated with 100 mg/kg Cr(VI) and varying concentrations of EDTA (5 and 10 mmol/kg) and OA (5 and 10 mmol/kg). The effects of these soil treatments on biomass, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and Cr(VI) enrichment and translocation efficiency of D. stramonium were evaluated. The results showed that added OA to soil significantly increased the biomass and chlorophyll content of D. stramonium. The addition of 10 mmol/kg of OA to soil increased the plant biomass by 67.16 % and chlorophyll b content by 40.01 %. In addition, OA soil treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 6.36 %, peroxidase (POD) by 163.13 %, catalase (CAT) by 36.92 %, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 32.12 %, which effectively alleviated the oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI). In contrast, soil treatment with a high concentration of EDTA (10 mmol/kg) significantly reduced plant biomass and chlorophyll content, although it increased the biological concentration factor (BCF) of the stem and leaf, as well as the translocation factor (TF). In conclusion, appropriate amounts of EDTA and OA added to soil can enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of D. stramonium grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil, with OA added to soil being more effective than addition of EDTA. This study revealed the potential mechanisms of chelating agents EDTA and OA in enhancing the phytoremediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil by D. stramonium, providing a scientific basis for further optimization of phytoremediation techniques.

Datura stramonium seed ingestion leading to unintentional poisoning in a 3-year-old Ethiopian toddler: case report

IntroductionDatura stramonium poisoning, resulting from the ingestion of seeds, leaves, or flowers of Datura stramonium, is a severe condition with significant risks, particularly for young children. Most documented cases of Datura stramonium poisoning in the literature involve teenagers who intentionally ingest the plant to induce hallucinogenic and euphoric experiences. This report presents a rare instance of unintentional Datura stramonium poisoning in a 3year-old Ethiopian toddler.Case presentationHe presented with symptoms consistent with anticholinergic toxidrome, including altered mental status, agitation, seizures, dilated pupils, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests, including complete blood count, liver function test, renal function test, electrolyte levels and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. Results of blood toxicology screen were negative. Timely recognition and supportive care lead to a positive outcome.ConclusionThrough this report, we aim to add to the limited body of literature on Datura stramonium poisoning in toddlers and offer insights into its clinical course and management in paediatric patients.

Detection of tropane alkaloid contaminations in unprocessed soybeans and their fate in food and feed processing

Datura stramonium and other nightshade plants commonly occur as weeds and have the potential to contaminate crops with toxic tropane alkaloids. Here, the contamination of soybeans with the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine after co-harvesting with thornapple plants is reported. The potential route of contamination was found to be independent of the thornapple seeds. The further fate of tropane alkaloids in downstream processes was evaluated in laboratory-scale tofu and soybean oil production. It was determined that a relatively small portion of the alkaloids is persistent in the tofu, while the reduction in soybean oil and press cake is less pronounced. No regulation is in place for the maximum amount of tropane alkaloids in soybeans, but the limits for other food crops were exceeded both in the raw and processed goods.

Sugar-binding Profiles of the Mesothelial Glycocalyx in Frozen Tissues of Mice Revealed by Lectin Staining

The mesothelium is a non-adhesive protective surface that lines the serosal cavities and organs within the body. The glycocalyx is a complex structure that coats the outer layer of the mesothelium. However, due to the limitations of conventional fixation techniques, studies on glycans are limited. In this study, lectin staining of frozen tissues was performed to investigate the diversity of glycans in the glycocalyx of mesothelial cells in mice. Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), which recognizes lactosamine and binds to Galectin-3 and -1, was broadly bound to the mesothelial cells of the visceral and parietal peritoneum but not to the pancreas, liver, intestine, or heart. Furthermore, human mesothelial cells in the omentum and parietal peritoneum were positive for DSL. Erythrina cristagalli lectin binding was specific to mesothelial cells in the parietal peritoneum, that is, the pleura, diaphragm, and peritoneum. Intriguingly, surface sialylation, the key element in reducing peritoneal dissemination and implantation, and promoting ascites formation by ovarian carcinoma cells, was much higher in the parietal peritoneum than in the omentum. These findings revealed slight differences in the glycans of mesothelial cells of different organs, which may be related to clinical diseases. These results also suggest that there may be differences in the functions of parietal and visceral mesothelial cells.

Histomorphological and Biochemical Assessment of Toxic Effect of Methanol Extract of Datura Stramonium Seed on Testicular Integrity of Adult Male Wistar Rat

Histomorphological and Biochemical Assessment of Toxic Effect of Methanol Extract of Datura Stramonium Seed on Testicular Integrity of Adult Male Wistar Rat

Multispectral UAV Image Classification of Jimson Weed (Datura stramonium L.) in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) is a toxic weed that is occasionally found in fields with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for the processing industry. Common bean growers are required to manually remove toxic weeds. If toxic weed plants remain, the standing crop will be rejected. Hence, the implementation of an automatic weed detection system aiding the farmers is badly needed. The overall goal of this study was to investigate if D. stramonium can be located in common bean fields using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based ten-band multispectral camera. Therefore four objectives were defined: (I) assessing the spectral discriminative capacity between common bean and D. stramonium by the development and application of logistic regression models; (II) examining the influence of ground sampling distance (GSD) on model performance; and improving model generalization by (III) incorporating the use of vegetation indices and cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching and by (IV) combining spectral data from multiple common bean fields with the use of leave-one-group-out cross-validation (LOGO CV). Logistic regression models were created using data from fields at four different locations in Belgium. Based on the results, it was concluded that common bean and D. stramonium are separable based on multispectral information. A model trained and tested on the data of one location obtained a validation true positive rate and true negative rate of 99% and 95%, respectively. In this study, where D. stramonium had a mean plant size of 0.038 m2 (σ = 0.020), a GSD of 2.1 cm was found to be appropriate. However, the results proved to be location dependent as the model was not able to reliably distinguish D. stramonium in two other datasets. Finally, the use of a LOGO CV obtained the best results. Although small D. stramonium plants were still systematically overlooked and classified as common bean, the model was capable of detecting large D. stramonium plants on three of the four fields. This study emphasizes the variability in reflectance data among different common bean fields and the importance of an independent dataset to test model generalization.

Neuroinflammation and oxidative redox imbalance drive memory dysfunction in adolescent rats prenatally exposed to Datura Stramonium

Although there have been reports indicating that Datura Stramonium (D. stramonium) may induce anticholinergic and neuropsychiatry effects, the compound is still being used for recreational and medicinal purposes while ingestion during pregnancy has been documented. Intriguingly, minimal studies have investigated the potential neurotoxic impact of D. stramonium exposure at various stages of gestation, including its potential implication on neurophysiological well-being later in life. The present study, therefore, examined spontaneous working memory and the expression of specific neurochemicals modulating crucial neural processes in adolescent rats exposed to high and low D. stramonium doses during different stages of gestation. Pregnant rats were orally infused with 150- or 500- mg/kg/day of D. stramonium either during mid- (second week; days 8–14) or late- (third week; days 15–21) gestation, while control rats received PBS at dosing periods. Behavioral characterization of offspring between postnatal days (PD) 40 and 41 in the Y-maze revealed that D. stramonium perturbed spatial working memory in rats, although locomotor activity was generally unaltered. In addition to SOD and nitric oxide downregulation, induction of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of young adult rats prenatally exposed to D. stramonium was corroborated by depletion of key antioxidant regulatory elements glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase, which was accompanied by lipid peroxidation shown by increased MDA levels. Whereas increased expression of acetylcholinesterase and LDH was seen in adolescent rats prenatally infused D. stramonium, acetylcholine levels were downregulated in both hippocampal and PFC lysates, suggesting cholinergic and metabolic dysfunctions. Immunohistochemical labelling of GFAP and IBA-1 revealed increased expression of reactive astrocytes and microglia respectively, while the accompanying TNFα upregulation in both the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) and PFC causally linked intrauterine D. stramonium exposure with neuroinflammatory responses postnatally. Overall, our data correlated postnatal spatial working memory dysfunction evoked by D. stramonium exposure during critical stages of embryonic development to oxidative redox impairment, cholinergic disruption and neuroinflammatory perturbations in rats.

Comparative UV-Spectroscopic and Chemical estimations of Atropine Alkaloid present in Datura stramonium found in Saudi Arabia

Aim: To find out the concentration of Atropine alkaloid in Datura stramonium of Saudi Arabian Region and to develop a new method of the Atropine estimation. Methods: The presence of Atropine in the alcoholic extract of leaves of Datura stramonium was known by Qualitative TLC profile. Quantitative estimation of Atropine in the extract was done with UV Spectrophotometric Method (new proposed method for determination of Atropine in plant extract) and Titrimetric Method (Pharmacopoeial method) and results were compared. Results: Qualitative (TLC) Result showing the presence of Atropine in the Datura stramonium extract. After applying the calculations the concentration of Atropine was found to be 0.3% (w/w). Since the both quantitative results were comparable and the values of the results were approximately equal supporting the validation of New Method. Conclusion: The Saudi Arabian geographical variety of Datura stramonium contains the Atropine Alkaloid as 0.3% (w/w) which is close to the reported value. The new method for the quantitative estimation of Atropine i.e. UV spectroscopic method was developed successfully.

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Profile and Mineral Constituents of Datura stramonium and Datura innoxia

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Profile and Mineral Constituents of Datura stramonium and Datura innoxia

Persistent Administration of Datura stramonium L. Water-Based Extract Triggers Spatial Memory- Like Deficit in Rats by Disrupting Cholinergic and Oxidative Mechanisms: Exploring The Role of Donepezil Intervention

Persistent Administration of Datura stramonium L. Water-Based Extract Triggers Spatial Memory- Like Deficit in Rats by Disrupting Cholinergic and Oxidative Mechanisms: Exploring The Role of Donepezil Intervention

Interactive Properties of Alkaloids from Datura stramonium, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya with Human Receptor Proteins of Psychoactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa and Nicotiana tabacum

Interactive Properties of Alkaloids from Datura stramonium, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya with Human Receptor Proteins of Psychoactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa and Nicotiana tabacum

Isolation and investigation of antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of atropine and scopolamine

Medicinal plants contain various secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenes, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These compounds are important sources for treating numerous diseases. Datura stramonium, a plant from the Solonaceae family, is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Over time, this plant has demonstrated significant therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to extract atropine and scopolamine compounds, which are alkaloids found in D. stramonium leaves, and investigate their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. Atropine and scopolamine were isolated from D. stramonium and analyzed using high-performance chromatography (HPLC) and carbon and proton NMR (NMR H1, C13). The antibacterial activity of atropine and scopolamine against Shigella dysenteriae (PTCC 1188), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (CIP 81.55) was investigated using the disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The cytotoxic activity on AsPC-1 (pancreatic adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and ACHN (renal carcinoma) cell lines was studied using the MTT reagent assay method. Both compounds exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae, while the lowest antibacterial activity was observed against S. pyogenes. All three cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of atropine and scopolamine for 24 and 48 h. The results of both extracts showed that increasing the concentration of the extracts decreased the viability of all three cell lines. The IC50 values of both extracts were measured at 24 and 48 h. Preliminary results confirm the therapeutic potential of these two compounds, but further studies are required to investigate there in vivo effects.

STUDIES ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SOME WEEDY FLORA OF NIZAMABAD DISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE, INDIA

The present work is aimed to study the pollen morphology of weed plants by light microscopy (LM). Polleniferous material of eight weed plants viz., Mimosa pudica, Cleome viscosa, Tribulus terrestris, Lantana camara, Commelina benghalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, Cardiospermum halicacabum and Datura stramonium were collected from in and around agricultural lands of Nizamabad district, Telangana, India during 2022-2023.The pollen features viz., shape, apertures and the sporoderm pattern was studied. The pollen grains studied showed spheroidal, sub- prolate, eu-oblate, oblate-spheroidal, oblate to per oblate shape. The apertural diversity include tricolporate, triporate, pantoporate and monosulcate condition. The Exine ornamentation is indicated by psilate in three species, striate in two, reticulate in another two species and one species possess microechinate pattern. The diversity in pollen features are helpful in the identification of the taxa at various levels. This study highlights the some of the common weed pollen morphological features useful to distinguish the species of weeds.

First report of Alternaria crassa causing yellow spots on Daturastramonium in China.

DaturastramoniumL.(jimson weed)is an invasiveweedin agricultural fieldsand a medicinalplant. In April 2022, a leaf disease on D. stramonium was observed in Zhanjiang (21.17 N, 110.18 E), Guangdong province, China. Early symptoms were small yellow spots on leaves. Later, the spots gradually expanded and turned becoming necrotic with a clear yellow halo and a white center. The disease incidence in the field was 85% (n= 50, about 1 ha). Twenty diseased leaves were collected from the field. The margin of the diseased tissues was cut into 2 mm × 2 mm pieces, surface disinfected with 75% ethanol and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 30 and 60 s, respectively, and rinsed twice with sterile water before isolation. The tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28 ℃. After 2-day incubation, grayish fungal colonies appeared on the PDA, then pure cultures were produced by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Single-spore isolation method was used to recover pure cultures for three isolates (DSAC-1, DSAC-2, and DSAC-3). The isolates were morphologically identical.They colonies were gray to brownish black. Conidiophores were branched, brown. Conidia were brown, long ellipsoid, had 4-12 transverse and 0-3 longitudinal septa; measured within 67.5-127.8 (average =105.6) × 12.5-27.8 (average=20.4) µm (n=30). Apical beak was longer than conidia body. measured within 40.5-423.5 (average =365.2) × 2.5-5.8 (average=3.2) µm (n=30). Based on morphological characteristics, the three isolates were identified asAlternariacrassa(Sacc.) Rands (Simmons 2007). Molecular identification was performed using the colony polymerase chain reaction method with MightyAmp DNA Polymerase (Takara-Bio, Dalian, China) (Lu et al. 2012) to amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor (TEF1) with primers of ITS1/ITS4, GDF1/GDR1, RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR, and EF-1α-F/EF-1α-R, respectively (Walther et al. 2013; Woudenberg et al. 2015; Nishikawa and Nakashima. 2020). Amplicons of the isolates were sequenced and submitted to GenBank (ITS, ON430524-ON430526; GAPDH, ON500656-ON500658; RPB2, ON500659-ON500661; TEF1, ON500662-ON500664). The sequences were 100% identical with those of Alternaria crassa strain CBS 116647 upon BLAST analysis. The sequences were also concatenated for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. The isolates clustered withA. crassa (CBS 116647, CBS 116648, CBS CBS-110.38, and CBS_103.18 ).Thus, the fungus associated with leafyellow spoton D. stramonium was identified asA. crassa.Pathogenicity tests were conducted in a greenhouse at 24℃-30℃ with 80% relative humidityusing 3 isolates. Individual plants were grown in pots (n = 5, 1 month old). The unwounded leaflets were inoculated using three isolates (DSAC-1, DSAC-2, and DSAC-3). The fungal mycelium on 5 mm-diameter PDA plugs were placed faced down to the leaves. Sterile PDA was used for mock inoculated comtrols.. The test was performed three times. Disease symptoms were observed on the leaves after 7 days, whereas the controls remained healthy. The pathogen was re-isolated from infected leaves and was morphologically identical to the original isolates, fulfilling Koch's postulates.A. crassa was reported causing leaf spot on D. stramonium in Algeria (Nabahat et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this report is the first report of A. crassa causing leaf yellow spot on D. stramonium in China. This pathogen possessespotential biocontrol properties on the invasiveweed, while this study also provides an important reference for the control of the diseaseof the medicinalplant.

Plasticity in biomass allocation underlies tolerance to leaf damage in native and non-native populations of Datura stramonium

An introduction to a novel habitat represents a challenge to plants because they likely would face new interactions and possibly different physical context. When plant populations arrive to a new region free from herbivores, we can expect an evolutionary change in their defense level, although this may be contingent on the type of defense, resistance or tolerance, and cost of defense. Here, we addressed questions on the evolution of tolerance to damage in non-native Spanish populations of Datura stramonium by means of two comparative greenhouse experiments. We found differences in seed production, specific leaf area, and biomass allocation to stems and roots between ranges. Compared to the Mexican native populations of this species, non-native populations produced less seeds despite damage and allocate more biomass to roots and less to stems, and had higher specific leaf area values. Plasticity to leaf damage was similar between populations and no difference in tolerance to damage between native and non-native populations was detected. Costs for tolerance were detected in both regions. Two plasticity traits of leaves were associated with tolerance and were similar between regions. These results suggest that tolerance remains beneficial to plants in the non-native region despite it incurs in fitness costs and that damage by herbivores is low in the non-native region. The study of the underlying traits of tolerance can improve our understanding on the evolution of tolerance in novel environments, free from plants’ specialist herbivores.

Emerging psychoactive drugs and the common life events among adolescents in a Nigerian rehabilitation centre

ABSTRACT Adolescence is characterised by intense experimentation. This study examined the prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance use and common life events among adolescents abusing psychoactive substances in a Nigerian Hospital. The study employed cross-sectional descriptive method of 385 patients admitted for drug rehabilitation in the ABUAD Multisystem Hospital Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria. Smoking and eating Marijuana (47.6%), eating Datura stramonium leaf (32.2%) and drinking alcohol (11.4%) were psychoactive substances commonly used among the respondents. The predominant life events among respondents included: heavy load of study (34.3%), study pressure from family (26.5%), family member serious illness (23.5%), scolding by parents (21.1%), and tired of learning (20.8%). Datura stramonium leaf abuse is an emerging psychoactive substance among the respondents. Relevant stakeholders should be aware of the new trend in drug use among adolescents and coordinated effort should be made to stop the trend.

Crystal structure of the cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecene Isororidin A.

The highly cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecene Isororidin A (C29H40O9) was isolated from the fungus Myrothesium verrucaria endophytic on the wild medicinal plant `Datura' (Datura stramonium L.) and was characterized by one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. The three-dimensional structure of Isororidin A has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography at 0.81 Å resolution from crystals grown in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with one molecule per asymmetric unit. Isororidin A is the epimer of previously described (by X-ray crystallography) Roridin A at position C-13' of the macrocyclic ring.

Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid on Frontal Cortex Damage Induced by Alcoholic Extract of Datura stramonium Leaf in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid on Frontal Cortex Damage Induced by Alcoholic Extract of Datura stramonium Leaf in Adult Male Wistar Rats

The use and potential abuse of psychoactive plants in southern Africa: an overview of evidence and future potential

BackgroundMost Bantu ethnic groups in southern Africa utilize indigenous herbal medicines, some of which have psychoactive properties. Traditional medical practitioners (TMPs) commonly use them not only for divinatory purposes but to treat and manage mental and other illnesses. Unfortunately, the research on their results, risks, and benefits do not align. Little is known about their potential abuse among TMPs and community members in southern Africa. Herbal medicines are complex because whole plants are sometimes used, unlike in other treatments which use only one active ingredient. However, if the key mechanisms of action of these ethnomedicinal plants can be identified through socio-pharmacological research, useful botanical agents can be developed. A review of socio-pharmacological studies to evaluate the consequences of exposure to ethnomedicinal plants with psychoactive properties was conducted with the aim of identifying harm reduction strategies and investigating how the plants could be developed into useful botanicals.MethodThe search methods involved retrieval of records from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Dissertations and Theses Global, and OpenGrey. The English language and human subjects were used as filters. In addition, some information was obtained from TMPs and community members.ResultsThe following psychoactive plants were found to be commonly used or abused: Boophone disticha, Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, Leonotis leonurus, Psilocybe cubensis, and Sceletium tortuosum. The commercialization of Cannabis, L. leonurus, S. tortuosum, and Aspalathus is growing fast. The abuse liability of B. disticha, D. stramonium, and P. cubensis appears not to be appreciated. Five countries were found to have TMP policies and three with TMP Councils.ConclusionTMPs in the region are aware of the CNS effects of the identified psychoactive plants which can be explored further to develop therapeutic agents. There is a need to work closely with TMPs to reduce harm from the abuse of these plants.