Jhapa District Research Articles

Exploring the Influence of Family Dynamics on Death Attitude among Elderly People: A Comparative Study of Chitwan and Jhapa District, Nepalrict, Nepal

This research examines the impact of living arrangements on death attitudes among elderly individuals in Nepal's Chitwan and Jhapa districts. A cross-sectional survey of 127 participants (79 in elder homes, 48 in their own homes) was conducted and analyzed using SPSS v.20. Significant differences in death attitudes were found based on living arrangements. Elder home residents showed greater acceptance of quick death, less fear, and viewed death more as relief from pain. They preferred dying in religious places, while those in their own homes preferred passing at home. Belief in reincarnation was higher among those living independently. The study reveals that living environments significantly influence elderly individuals' death attitudes, with elder home residents exhibiting more acceptance towards death. These findings suggest a need for tailored end-of-life care and support services that consider living arrangements and cultural contexts, contributing to the discourse on geriatric care in diverse settings.

Relationship Between Fine Root Biomass and Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Grassland Ecosystem in Bhadrapur Municipality of Jhapa district, Eastern Nepal

This study investigated the distribution of fine root biomass and various soil properties in a grassland ecosystem within Bhadrapur Municipality, Nepal. Soil samples were systematically collected from randomly selected blocks in undisturbed, disturbed, and roadside areas during the late rainy season. Analyses included soil texture, moisture content, temperature, pH, and quantification of fine root biomass (FRB; <5 mm diameter) within the top 15 cm soil depth. Results showed the mean FRB was significantly higher in undisturbed areas (7.77 t/ha) compared to disturbed (7.053 t/ha) and roadside (1.76 t/ha) areas. Across all sites, FRB exhibited a positive correlation with soil moisture content. Soil pH was slightly more acidic in undisturbed versus disturbed and roadside areas. Soil temperature demonstrated a positive correlation with FRB in undisturbed and roadside areas but a negative correlation in disturbed areas. Additionally, FRB negatively correlated with sand content in disturbed and roadside areas. The findings highlight how soil moisture is a key driver of fine root proliferation in this grassland ecosystem. Variations in soil texture, pH, and temperature between sites reveal their influence on root growth dynamics. Understanding these root-soil interactions has implications for sustainable grassland management, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem resilience under changing environmental conditions.

Determinants Affecting Life Insurance Purchase Decision at Jhapa District

This paper aims to investigate the effect of determining factors like Customer Attitude, Insurance Awareness, Financial Literacy and Social Factor on purchase decision of life insurance policy in Jhapa district of Nepal. Primary data have been collected through structured questionnaire using online method i.e. Google Forms out of 384 life insurance policy holders resident of Jhapa district of Nepal. A descriptive Research and causal comparative design was used and sample was selected by purposive sampling method. Smart PLS 4 is used as a data analysis tool and various tests like descriptive analysis, Measurement Model Assessment, Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity, Model Fit Assessment, Structural Model Assessment and Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IMPA) tests were conducted as analysis tool to assess the quantitative raw data. The study concludes that Customer Attitude, Financial Literacy, and Insurance Awareness has significant effect with the purchase decision of life insurance policy whereas Social Factor has no significant effect with the purchase decision of life insurance policy. Financial Literacy has the highest influence over purchase decision of life insurance. Thus, the marketers, policymakers and insurance companies must pay more attention in bringing more effective and fruitful programs to enhance the life insurance demand.

Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar municipality of Nepal.

Multimorbidity is a group of conditions, it has significant impact on the population as a whole, resulting in lower quality of life, higher mortality, frequent use of medical services, and consequently higher healthcare costs. The objective of this study is to document the prevalence of common multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar Municipality. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted where selected multimorbidity were assessed in selected areas of Mechinagar municipality of Jhapa District . Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 590 adult participants from three pre-defined pocket areas. Pre-designed semi-structured multimorbidity assessment questionnaire for primary care (MAQ-PC)was used to assess prevalence of multimorbidity. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify the strongest determinants of multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 22.4%.Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and COPD was seen in 39.2%, 7.8.% and 4.4% of the participants respectively . Participants with advancing age i. e. 40-49yrs were 12.62 times (AOR) more likely to have multimorbidity compared to their counterparts who were 20-29yrs old( p=<0.01,CI3.01-15.28) after adjusting for occupation, physical activity and family history of kidney disease. Working individuals, Physical inactivity and positive family history of kidney disease were the strongest determinates of multimorbidity. The study revealed that participants with increasing age, working individuals, physical inactivity and family history of kidney disease were more vulnerable of having multimorbidity. The findings of our study indicate need of intervention strategies and community-based health promotion programs in reducing burden of chronic disease among adult population.

Health Seeking Behavior of Marginalized Santhal Population in Jhapa District, Nepal

Introduction: Santhal is one of the ethnic groups, living in Jhapa and Morang districts of Nepal. The proportion of Santhal population compared to the previous census report is continuously declining because of marginalization and migration to India.&#x0D; Methods: This study was carried out qualitative cross-sectional study based on a household survey. The research work was undertaken in two Village Development Committees (VDCs) and two wards from each VDC by using simple random sampling. A total of 382 households were selected as respondents to the study. A Santhal graduate and three more interviewers were trained for data collection. The research was funded by Purbanchal University, Research Division. Approval for data collection was taken from the Research Division of Purbanchal University and permission for data collection was taken from the concerned VDC authority.&#x0D; Results: The study found that 84.8% had a poor level of knowledge of health-seeking behavior, very few that is 1.7 % of respondents visited traditional healers whereas 92.9% of Santhal people had a positive perception of modern medical treatment. The majority of respondents (97.4%) took medicine when they got sick, among them 46.5% got the medicine from a primary health care center.&#x0D; Conclusion: The majority of Santhal people visit healthcare settings when they become ill. Regarding the information on health-seeking behavior about two/third were informed from the senior member of the family. The majority of Santhal people had poor knowledge of health-seeking behavior and the majority had positive health-seeking behavior on modern treatment.

The Status of Foreign Labor Migration in Jhapa District

This paper describes the labor migration of Shivasatakshi Municipality of Jhapa District. The main objective of this research study is to examine the foreign labor migration from Nepal to Gulf countries including Malaysia. Information was collected through 136 respondents and respondents' households' information and sample selection has been based on a systematic sampling method. The highest percentage of foreign labor migrants (23.53%) was found in the age group of 25-29 years. 55.88 percent of the respondents are married. About 44.12 percent of foreign labor migrants went to Malaysia due to unemployment. About 58.09 percent of respondents went for factory labor work. Hill Brahmin/Chhetri occupies the highest percentage. The Hill Brahmin/Chhetri respondents are 32.36 percent in first position and Tarai Janajati respondents are 26.47 percent in the research area. Most of the Hill Brahmin/Chhetri and Tarai Janajati people are involved in the agriculture sector and lack employment opportunities and services in other sectors. Moreover, this community is migrated from hills and holds less percentage of agricultural land in the research area. Due to unemployment and insufficient agricultural land, most Hill Brahmin/Chhetri and Tarai Janajati migrate to Gulf countries. Selection for Gulf countries as destinations by Hill Brahmin/Chhetri and Tarai Janajati people in the research area due to the low-privilege households and lack of skills in this manpower. The Government of Nepal should guarantee/ manage safer and better foreign labor migration. Foreign labor migration sends a large amount of remittance to Nepal, but they do not utilize it properly.

Practices of Local Curriculum at School Level in Jhapa District: A Review

Out of the subjects to be taught at the basic level (Grades 1–8) in school-level education in Nepal, one is a local subject. The main objective of this study is to analyze the local curricula developed and implemented by three municipalities (Kanakai, Birtamod, and Damak) of Jhapa district. Based on Taba's model of curriculum development and Local Curriculum Development and Implementation Guidelines, 2019, the local curricula of the three municipalities have been reviewed. As per the results obtained, the curricula of the three municipalities have clearly followed the steps of the above model and the framework of the guidelines. It was found that after ascertaining the level-wise competencies based on local needs diagnosis, the present curricula have attempted to match these competencies with the determination of course contents, content elaboration, and evaluation process. The curricula cover topics such as urban-specific social behavior, cultural-religious activities, geographical diversity, occupation and business, local environmental problems, health and yoga, special personality introduction, disaster management, etc.

Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health Among Young Married Women Residing in a Municipality of Jhapa District, Nepal

Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health Among Young Married Women Residing in a Municipality of Jhapa District, Nepal

Service Quality and Students' Satisfaction of Management Department of Kanakai Multiple Campus

Service quality is an important tool for increasing student satisfaction. This study examines the service quality of the management department of Kanakai Multiple Campus (KMC) from students’ perspective. It also examines the order of strength and relationship of service quality dimension as student satisfactions. The study was conducted among 52 bachelor-level students of management department of KMC located at Jhapa district of Nepal was taken as sample based on SERVEQUAL gap model developed by Parasuraman et al.(1985, 1988a), and used four likert scale and random sampling method was applied to collect data. Major Findings were compared with the main objective to measure the level of students’ satisfaction and factors that contribute the service quality in management department of KMC. The result of the study emphasizes on the improvement of service quality dimensions of management department of KMC so as to satisfy students and get strategic advantage in this competitive marketplace. This study contributes valuable insights for educational institutions seeking to optimize service quality and bolster their market positioning.

Brown Tumor, a Deceptive and Rare Entity: A Case Report

A case of 27 years old male from Jhapa district, who presented to Oral and Maxillofacial department of B&amp;C hospital with firm, non-tender swelling over buccal vestibule for 2 months. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an expansile lytic bony lesion with soft tissue component at the right hemimandible with cortical destruction. Provisional diagnosis of ameloblastoma was made. Incisional biopsy done and specimen was sent to the Pathology department. Haematoxylin and Eosin- stained slides revealed disorderly, fascicular architecture exhibiting clustered distribution of osteoclastic giant cells, surrounded by fibroblastic stromal cells along with reactive new bone formation. The differentials considered were CGCG (Central giant cell granuloma), GCT (Giant Cell tumor), ABC (Aneurysmal Bone Cyst) and Brown tumor. Serum Calcium and Serum PTH (Parathyroid hormone) were advised to ruleout brown tumor in histopathology report and for rest of the differentials excisional biopsy was suggested. Serum calcium and serum PTH were found to be raised. On further probing, the patient has been having right lower back pain and thin urine stream on and off for few months. USG abdomen was done for the same which revealed bilateral nephrolithiasis with left sided PUJ calculus causing gross hydronephrosis along with bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis. DJ stenting was thus advised by the nephrologist. On identifying the primary cause, hemithyroidectomy with parathyroid removal was done. The decrease in parathyroid hormone level was drastic after the surgery. His urine stream was normal during his post –op stay at the hospital. The patient was advised for regular follow up.

Measurement of background radiation in Jhapa, Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung districts of Nepal

In this study, we investigated the levels of background radiation in different locations across the Eastern part of Koshi province, specifically in Taplejung, Panchthar, Ilam, and Jhapa. We used a portable Geiger Muller counter to collect data from twenty different locations, with five sites taken from each district. The average absorbed dose rate was found to be 0.243±0.035 mSv/y. The highest measured value of absorbed dose was 0.335±0.041 mSv/y at Pathivara temple in Taplejung, and the lowest was found to be 0.197±0.039 mSv/y at Kakarvita, Jhapa. The results suggest that these four districts do not pose any radiation risk because it was below the threshold of risk (1mSv/y). We also measured the variation of absorption dose with altitude which is positively correlated with altitude with a correlation coefficient of +0.57. This might be because of the surge in cosmic radiation with an increase in altitude.

Suitability Analysis for Waste Disposal Site Using GIS Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: A Case Study of Jhapa District, Nepal

Environmental degradation resulting from rapid urbanization, industrialization, and overpopulation has become a critical global issue, primarily due to the generation of vast amounts of solid waste. Effective solid waste management and proper disposal arrangements are imperative to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment. This research article focuses on identifying an appropriate waste disposal site for efficient waste management and dumping. Jhapa district in Nepal is chosen as the study area due to its diverse settlement zones, including industrial and commercial regions. To achieve this goal, Geographic Information based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method is used. The outcome of this project is a suitability model that categorizes different areas as least suitable, suitable, more suitable, and most suitable for establishing a waste disposal site. By considering multiple criteria, including environmental, health, residential and political factors, and the model provides a comprehensive assessment of potential sites. This research contributes to the field of waste management and environmental sustainability by offering a practical approach to decision-making in waste disposal site selection, promoting a healthier and cleaner environment for the residents of Jhapa district and beyond.

Comparison of Rajvanshi and Nepali languages on the basis of sentences

In this research article, the sentence structure of the Rajvanshi language is compared to that of the Nepali language, and their similarities and differences are examined. This article is based on qualitative field and library research. This article's information was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. For this purpose, primary data was gathered from Rajwansi native speakers in three distinct Jhapa district locations, and secondary data was gathered from Rajwansi and Nepali language grammar and language (especially Rajwansi language) writings. Thus, the available facts have been interpreted and analyzed using the descriptive method and comparative analysis as a theoretical foundation. The conclusion of this study is that the construction process (structural structure) of all sentence categories (simple sentences, complex sentences containing infinitive verbs, compound sentences, and mixed sentences) in the Rajwanshi and Nepali languages is identical.

Eco-friendly management practices against jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) infestation in okra at Jhapa District

Eco-friendly management practices against jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) infestation in okra at Jhapa District

Knowledge and attitude regarding pubertal changes among adolescents of Eastern Nepal

Adolescence is one of the most charming and convoluted period in life span which brings childhood to adulthood. It is a period of biological, cognitive, and social transition of high magnitude and rapidity and is also associated with the onset or exacerbation of several health-related problems. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in three different schools in Jhapa districts, Nepal in which 146 adolescents were included through a random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding attitudes toward Pubertal Changes which was analyzed and interpreted using SPSS version 16. The study along with the sociodemographic profile also enumerated the results of 37% strongly agreeing that pubertal changes are normal and more than half agreed that sex education is essential. Half of the participants agreed adolescents suffer from anxiety during this period and 59.6% agreed that adolescents should not be ashamed of the changes. The study revealed that 60.3% of the respondents had a favorable attitude and 39.7% had a moderately favorable attitude toward pubertal changes. Although a majority of the students had a good attitude, it can be further improved by conducting classes, and programs about menstruation, and pubertal changes, and encouraging the involvement of students in it. Parents, as well as students, can also be educated about pubertal changes through teachings and awareness programs in communities to increase positive attitudes.

किचकवधका पुरातात्विक अवशेषहरु {Archaeological Remains of the Kichakbadh}

This academic article presents an explanatory research study on the archaeological artifacts discovered in the Kichakbadh area, situated in wards 2 and 3 of the Bhadrapur Municipality within the Jhapa district. The objective of this research is to examine the cultural and historical significance of Kichakbadh, shed light on its archaeological importance, and elucidate the various archaeological artifacts that have been unearthed to date. The excavations carried out by the Department of Archaeology have revealed the ruins of buildings, a walled complex, and remnants of bricks and pottery. Although it is traditionally believed that there is Natiyashala (Theatre) or palace of king Birat of Mahabharat. The derived archaeological evidences indicate that it could be archaeological site belonging to Sunga/Kushan Period. This academic research study utilizes qualitative methods and draws on both primary and secondary sources form of data.It adopts a post-positivist research paradigm and employs analytical and descriptive methods to present its findings. This scholarly inquiry contributes new knowledge to the current context and enhances our understanding of the archaeological significance of Kichakbadh.

Spatial analysis of forest cover and quality dynamics of Jalthal forest in the Jhapa district, Nepal

ABSTRACT Efforts of community forest users show positive changes in forest cover and quality but there was limited study regarding this. Thus, this study was objectively conducted to assess dynamics of forest cover and quality between 1990 and 2021 in Jalthal Jhapa, Nepal. Supervised classification with a maximum likelihood algorithm was applied to classify forest cover to produce maps of 1990, 2005 and 2021. Forest quality change was assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Moisture Index (SVI). A total of 114.0 ha non-forest was converted into forest between 2005 and 2011. Overall accuracy of classified maps of 1990, 2005 and 2021 was 85.29%, 84.08% and 88.13%, respectively. Sparse forest was converted into dense forest by 0.06% between 1990 and 2021. Principal Component Analysis showed successful implementation of community forest program and control grazing were main factors positively affecting to increase forest cover and quality. Value of NDVI showed that high vegetation forest covers around 42.27% in 2021 and SMI was the highest. Kaiser-Meyer-Olk in (KMO) (0.474) and Bartlett Sphericity tests (p = 0.001) showed there was linear relationship between factors affecting forest cover and quality. This paper will be useful for academicians and policymakers to monitor forest.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TEA FARMING IN JHAPA DISTRICT, NEPAL

Tea, one of the biggest high-value exports from Nepal, which uses up 16,920 hectares of total land and accounts for 0.1% of the country’s GDP. Tea as usually cultivated in the eastern regions of the nation, has significantly altered peoples’ livelihoods while also boosting national income. This study was conducted on the economic analysis of tea production by farmers in Jhapa district of Nepal on parts of Bhadrapur, Haldibari and Kachankawal. Random survey of 60 samples were taken from the research area’s tea farmers. The average area under tea cultivation was found to be 0.53 hectares per household. The average production per hectare was 23.05 tons, average production cost per hectare was Rs. 244,743.82 and Rs. 10.23 per kg. There were overall chances of 5% loss of the harvested tea leaves which deducted total marketable leaves. The average price of 1 kg of leaves was Rs. 19.5 and the marketing practice was done via middlemen which cost Rs. 2.5 per kg of leaves. The average gross margin per kg was Rs. 6.73 with overall benefit-cost ratio of 1.86 for every household. SWOT analysis conducted showed that favourable soil conditions had major strength with index of importance of 0.85. Likewise, difficulties in obtaining subsidies, family financial aid and market competition from private estates were major weakness, opportunity, and threat with index of 0.88, 0.85, and 0.90 respectively.

After Covid-2019 Pandemic: Returnee Migrants' Economy Management on Their Household

This paper is based on returnee migrants' economic management of their households of ward no. 4 in Gauradaha municipality, Jhapa district. The objectives of this paper are to identify the returnee migrants' economic management of their households and to find out the used of their remittances after the COVID pandemic. The paper used a descriptive and analytical research design with the primary source of data method. The study selected 247 households and 163numbers of forms filled up within one month and used the purposive sampling method (non-probability sampling. These data are analyzed through frequency distribution, cross table and the main output. The paper concludes that the majority of international labour migrants seek better income in cities, job seeking on forced idleness during the part of year and services. They are compelled to send their husbands and sons to gulf countries to earn for the subsistence of the households. After returning, the foreign migrant workers to the homeland by the cause of theCOVID-19 pandemic increase the household workloads the financial problems day by day, when they stay in foreign countries improving their economic status from household to community basis level. However, they have the difficulty in getting government services characterized with corruption like nepotism, favoritism and briberies to secure jobs. Low-paid work and illegal transfer, employment discrimination with respect to colour, age, sex, ethnicity, religion and others are major problems facing migrant workers. Although they are trying to engage different types of income generation works or self-employment t at the different local levels, it is necessary for the developing countries to solve these problems.

Need and Capacity of Elected Women in Local Government in Nepal

The article is based on the local elections in 2017 which is a historic milestone for the country. Local elections were held after almost two decades. They became a key vessel for acting upon the Constitutional obligation toward gender and social inclusion in the government and ending the political impasse that beset the country for many years. The article focuses on two objectives: first to identify the priorities of local elected women's needs on capacity and skills and to identify the interventions that could be designed to help support the elected women in the different local governments of Jhapa and Lalitpur Districts. The paper is based on descriptive and analytical types of research design as well as nature of data both primary and secondary sources. It has used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and deductive and inductive approaches to the analysis of the data. Information is gathered and assessed on the basis of capacity and skills of elected women. The data are analysed using the Excel spread program on the computer and are calculated in frequency distribution and percentage. Data are carefully analysed and interpreted for generalization. Gender inclusion in local government is gradually increasing in development sector of local areas. The findings and analysis of the study are largely indicative given that the study sample is limited but more so because the present situation on the ground is dynamic. Yet, it cannot be denied that there is palpable excitement and optimism amongst elected women representatives to be active participants in Nepal’s evolving governance structures. Tempering the optimism with a realistic assessment of the challenges and work on hand is needed. Building capacities and a supportive environment for women's leadership in local governance in the context of federalism in Nepal is needed.