Jewish Autonomous Oblast Research Articles

Современные тенденции репродуктивных потерь в Хабаровском крае

Abstract The relevance of the problem. Demographic processes are an urgent problem for the Far East and the Khabarovsk Krai. The objective of this study was to examine current trends in reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai in comparison with data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. Material and research methods. The comparative analysis method is used in the article. The source of information was publications in Russian scientific journals and monographs, the data obtained from the official web sites of Rossstat of the Russian Federation and the Khabarovsk Krai, as well as statistical materials published by the Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai for 2019–2022. For the period of preparation of the material, the data of Russia's Rosstat for 2023 on maternal and infant mortality in the official access was not available. Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality, as well as stillbirth in the context of federal districts, subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Khabarovsk Krai in 2019–2022 has shown that in all 4 indicators the most disadvantaged in the Russian Federation are the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, as well as the North-West Federal District (except for the infant mortality rate). In the Far Eastern Federal District, the most disadvantaged subjects in terms of all indicators were the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and the Trans -Baikal Territory, as well as the Kamchatka Oblast (with the exception of an indicator of stillbirth). The Khabarovsk Krai in all aspects has got the middle position. In the Khabarovsk Krai, special attention is required in terms of stillborn and perinatal mortality of Okhotsk and Nikolaevsky-on-Amur municipal areas. Conclusions. The study of reproductive losses in Khabarovsk Krai allows us to determine the risks and priorities for the development of demographic processes. The analysis has shown that the region took a middle position in terms of maternal, perinatal and infant mortality rates in 2019–2022 compared to data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District. At the same time, during the study period, there was a sharp increase in maternal mortality from 6.93 cases in 2019 to 15.5 cases in 2022 per 100,000 births, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of health authorities and medical organizations in preventing it.

On the Increase of Electricity Prices in the Territory of Non-Price Zones of the Far Eastern Federal District and Their Impact on Industry

The economy of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia is characterized by a significant share of industrial production in the overall GRP structure. For this reason, an important factor affecting the industrial and investment development of the macroregion is the price of electricity supplied to industrial consumers. This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of a significant increase in electricity prices in 2023 in Khabarovsky Krai, Amurskaya Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, included in the territory of non-price zones of the wholesale electricity market, as well as factors influencing the identified price increases that affect the magnitude and dynamics of changes in regional GRPs, which emphasizes the theoretical and the applied relevance of the presented research. The authors review the role of the Far Eastern Federal District economy in the formation of the country's GRP, the role of the industrial sector in the development of the economy of the macroregion, the share of electricity consumption by industry in the GRP structure, which emphasizes the high importance of the energy factor in the economic development of the studied territories. The materials present the results of calculating the dynamics of changes in electricity demand in the federal districts of Russia for the period of 2008-2022. The authors conclude that such a significant increase in electricity prices for the supplied industry will lead to an even greater lag in the industrial potential of the macroregion not only from the whole world, but also from the rest of Russia, which will negatively affect the entire sphere of socio–economic life of the macroregion, which determines the need to review government measures in the field of tariff containment in the territories of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and potential drivers of human tick-borne encephalitis in the south of Russian Far East

The south of the Russian Far East is distinguished by diversity of natural conditions for the presence of vectors and circulation of pathogens, primarily tick-borne infections. Despite the relatively low proportion of tick-borne encephalitis in the structure of tick-borne infections and the rather low incidence rate compared to other Russian regions, the disease here has epidemiological significance, which is associated with its severe course. Therefore, it is important to identify local areas of greatest epidemic manifestation of the disease and potential drivers influencing the spread of tick-borne encephalitis. This study uses data on population incidence in the municipal districts of Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Zabaikalsky Krai between 2000 and 2020. Based on Kulldorf spatial scanning statistics, a temporally stable cluster of virus circulation in the population in the southwest of Zabaikalsky Krai was identified, which existed during 2009-2018. Regression modeling using zero-inflated negative binomial regression based on a set of environmental and socio-economic predictors allowed to identify variables determining the probability of infection: the share of forest, the amount of precipitation in the warm period, population density, as well as variables reflecting population employment and socio-economic well-being. Despite the fact that tick-borne encephalitis is a natural focal disease and may be characterized by natural periods of increased incidence, the influence of the social component can have a strong impact on the epidemiological manifestation. The identified spatio-temporal differences within the study region and potential drivers must be taken into account when developing a set of preventive measures.

Non-beverage alcohol consumption in Russia: new evidence from Jewish Autonomous Oblast.

Previous studies in Izhevsk, Novosibirsk, and Kazan have found that non-beverage alcohol is a large part of alcohol consumption in Russia. Whereas those places are relatively high-income cities, there are no studies about such a problem in low-income regions of Russia. The aim of this study is to investigate correlates and factors associated with non-beverage alcohol consumption in eastern regions of Russia, e.g. the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and to assess effectiveness of implementing Russian policies to restrict consumption of non-beverage alcohol. A survey of adults in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Russia was performed on workdays to assess non-beverage drinking patterns in summer 2022. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic status and alcohol use, including non-beverage alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. We use logistic regression to identify risk factors of consuming non-beverages. First, ~30% of individuals suffering from alcohol problems drink non-beverage alcohol. Second, those who regularly consume non-beverage alcohol compared with those who chronically drink legal strong alcohol are on average more likely to experience the negative effects of alcohol consumption. Third, income and marriage are the main factors negatively associated with surrogate alcohol consumption. Besides, age shows a curvilinear relationship with that. We suggest that a modified anti-surrogate policy to increase the minimum price of pharmacy alcohol and to enforce restrictions on the sale of non-beverage alcohol is needed in Russia. Such measures could prevent an increase in non-beverage alcohol consumption in Russia against the backdrop of declining real incomes of the population.

Материалы к флоре лишайников карбонатных экотопов юга Дальнего Востока (Приморский край, Еврейская автономная область)

The first annotated list of 138 lichen species, exposed by the authors in Primorsky Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 2009-2023, is presented for the south of the Far East. The list also includes the results of contemporary processing herbarium materials gathered at different times by other collectors as well as the generalized literature data. 41 species (34.8 % of the discovered ones) are new for calcium-containing substrates in the region. Among them, 3 species (Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr., Rinodina tunicata H. Mayrhofer) are new to the Far East and 6 (Lecanora valesiaca (Mull. Arg.) Stizenb., Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant., Sarcogyne regularis Korb., Thelidium decipiens (Nyl.) Kremp., Thyrea сonfusa Henssen, Verrucaria deversa Vain.) are new to the south of the Far East. The article provides information on the lichens distribution in the study area and their association with substrates. 15 obligate and 31 facultative calciphiles have been distinguished as well as 12 species most characteristic for carbonate substrates in the south of the Far East.

REVIEW OF THE GENUS PLATYDRACUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

A review of eight species of the genus Platydracus Thomson, 1858 inhabiting the Russian Far East is given. Two species are recorded for the fauna of Russia for the first time: P. inornatus (Sharp, 1874) from Primorskii krai and Khabarovskii krai and P. vicarius (Sharp, 1889) from Jewish Autonomous oblast and Primorskii krai. P. mortuorum (Bernhauer, 1912) is new for the fauna of Khabarovskii krai and P. demissus (Müller, 1925) is new for the fauna of Amurskaya oblast. A key to seven species of the genus Platydracus of the Russian Far East fauna is provided.

New data on distribution of Decticus nigrescens Tarbinsky, 1930 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Russia

The rare bush-cricket Decticus nigrescens Tarbinsky, 1930 is recorded from the Zabaykalsky Krai, Amurskaya Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Primorsky Krai in Russia. The type locality of this species is actually the vicinity of Nagibovo settlement in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia (47.75оN, 131.54оE). The ecologo-geographic models of the species distribution over the Asian part of Russia are generated by the Maxent and 'ellipsenm' algorithms for the first time as well.

SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTH OF THE FAR EAST

The medical-geographical analysis of spatially heterogeneous distribution of tick-borne infections in the south of the Far East was provided. The cartographic analysis of the spread of infections was carried out on the basis of literary materials and statistical data of Rospotrebnadzor on the incidence of tick-borne diseases. Statistically significant spatial clusters with a high level of morbidity with different local confinement were identified. The high levels of morbidity were found in the south of the Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast for Siberian tick typhus, in the central part of the Khabarovsk Krai for tick-borne borreliosis, and in the southwest of the Zabajkalsky Krai for tick-borne encephalitis.

New Species of Macromycetes for Regions of the Russian Far East. 4

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of macrofungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in regions of the Russian Far East. A total of 77 species of macromycetes are reported for the first time from 7administrative units of the Russian Far East: Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai and Primorskiy Krai. 13 species are reported as the first records for the Russian Far East, and 4 (Calycina subtilis, Cistella fugiens, Lachnum roridum and Lasiobelonium horridulum) are new for Russia. For some of the rare species, notes are given about the main differences in morphology and ecology, about the features of distribution. The identification of Jahnoporus brachiatus is confirmed by molecular genetic data, and this specimen was isolated into pure culture. The material was deposited in ABGI, LE, MAG, SVER, TOB, VLA herbaria as well as in the Yu. Rebriev (YuR) and A. Shiryaev (Shiryaev) personal collections.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marriage and divorce in Russia

The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has had a significant impact on demographic processes in Russia, in particular, on the dynamics of marriage and divorce. In 2020 the indicators reached the lowest values since the beginning of the 21st century. Meanwhile, quarantines and “lockdowns” affected marriage more strongly than divorce. Analysis of monthly crude marriage and divorce rates showed that after the “acute phases” of restrictions, when there was a sharp decline in indicators, in the periods of reduction of the quarantine measures, a “compensatory effect” was observed: both the number of registered marriages and divorces increased. However, in the case of divorces, the “compensatory” effect appeared immediately after the lifting of restrictions and persisted throughout the pandemic. In the case of marriages, “restraint” in matrimonial behaviour was observed for almost a year, and the “effect of delayed marriages” manifested itself only in 2021. At the same time, the different rate of dynamics of marriage and divorce led to the fact that the ratio of marriages and divorces in the country exceeded a record 100:70, respectively. There is a regional differentiation in marriage and divorce rates. The study showed that the matrimonial behaviour of the population in different subjects became more similar during the acute phase of the pandemic (in 2020), and differences increased in marriage rates during the period with milder restrictions (in 2021), while they decreased even more in divorce rates. There were RF subjects in which the number of divorces not only equalled the number of marriages (for example, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2020), but also exceeded it during the pandemic period (in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Republic of Ingushetia in 2021). This situation causes particular concern, as it affects the marriage structure of population and, as a result, may affect the dynamics of reproduction. Thus, unfavourable external factors can have a strong impact on marriage and divorce, thereby creating risks for the demographic development of the country. Conversely, a stable socio-economic, political and epidemiological situation will allow demographic processes to develop in a positive way and become the basis for achieving the goals of the socio-demographic policy of the State.

Modern mammal fauna of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and the Bastak Nature Reserve

Based on the literature and our own information, the most complete list of the modern theriofauna of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast was compiled, including 68 species and subspecies. Sixty species and subspecies are found in the Bastak Nature Reserve; 12 of which are listed in the Red Data Book of the region and two in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Four species are new for the fauna of the reserve (Amur hedgehog, spotted deer, domestic dog and cat). Another addition is the synanthropic subspecies of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus norvegicus). For the fi rst time, lists are given separately for the clusters of the reserve. Negative changes in the theriofauna of the JAO since the 1930s are described – introduction of eight alien species and subspecies and extinction of four native species and subspecies, three of which are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Amur leopard, dhole, long-tailed goral).

INCREASE IN THE ABUNDANCE OF THE AMUR LEOPARD CAT (<i>PRIONAILURUS BENGALENSIS EUPTILURA</i>, FELIDAE, CARNIVORA) IN THE SOUTHERN AMUR REGION

The Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura Elliot 1871) in the south of the Russian Far East mainly lives in flat and foothill landscapes, which have now been mostly transformed by man. The data were collected in 1987–2022 in the southern Amur region (the left bank of the Amur River in the south of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) and the right bank of the Amur River (the right bank of the estuary of the Ussuri River), Khabarovsk Krai). Traces of cats and dead animals were recorded, and camera traps were used. The data of 4560 diaries of employees of the Department of protection of the Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve, located in the research area, for 1964–2009 were used. Now on the left bank of the Amur River in the south of the JAO, the Amur leopard cat lives constantly, although in the 2010s it was believed that it rarely enters this territory. Number of sightings of cat tracks in the study area on the right bank of the Amur in 2011–2021 compared to the period 2000–2010 increased about two times. It has populated areas within the range where it has never been noted. The increase in the number and the process of settlement of the Amur leopard cat, both on the left bank and on the right bank of the Amur River began in the 2000s, and since the beginning of the 2010s it has been observed constantly. Currently, the cat lives sedentary in the southern Amur region, which is confirmed by the findings of its broods. The cat mainly lives on agricultural land, which is due to its ability to adapt well to anthropogenic changes in the habitat.

Analysis of the readiness of Russian regions for the COVID-19 pandemic based on demographic sustainability and development of the healthcare system

Assessment of the readiness of regions for the occurrence of critical situations is atopical area of research in modern conditions. The problem of high mortality in Russia determines the importance of studying the factors that shape the current state of the socio-demographic system of the population and the prerequisites for its change in the future or in the present under the influence of negative processes. To form an objective picture of the current situation, two areas are identified: potential (the state of the region's healthcare system) and demographic stability (risks of population decline), on the basis of which complex integral indices are calculated and regions are ranked. The specificity of the author's approach to the analysis consists in the complex use of demographic indicators, morbidity indicators and the functioning of the healthcare system. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that an ambiguous situation has developed in the regions. According to the assessment of demographic sustainability, the republics of the North Caucasus have become the best, but there is also the lowest level of development of the healthcare system. The opposite situation is observed in remote and sparsely populated regions of the Far East — Sakhalin Oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug — with high indicators of the potential of the healthcare system there are high demographic risks. The depth of the consequences of the pandemic was reflected in the form of excess mortality. In the first year, the regions of the North Caucasus became leaders in terms of mortality growth — Chechnya (by 44%), Dagestan (by 32%) and Ingushetia (by 27%).The most stable were Adygea, Sevastopol and Buryatia — excess mortality did not exceed 6%. In the second year, actively increasing mortality has already affected all regions, with the exception of the Republic of Tyva and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug having the lowest proportion of the population over working age. The proposed concept of a two-way study of regions will make it possible to trace the main problem areas in dynamics and give an opportunity to prevent the consequences of other possible force majeure.

A new species of the genus Synanthedon Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from the Russian Far East

Synanthedon bastak sp. n. is described and illustrated from the Bastak Nature Reserve in the eastern part of Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia. This new species belongs to the Synanthedon andrenaeformis species-group and is very close to S. soffneri Špatenka, 1983, from which it differs in the shape of the external transparent area of the forewing and some details in the male genitalia. The female and larvae of a new species are unknown.

Epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia in 2021

Aim. To analyze the epidemic situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia in the context of implementation of a targeted governmental program “Prevention and control of socially significant infectious diseases.”Materials and methods. Performance indicators were calculated based on the information derived from official statistical forms. Conventional calculation methods were used.Results. The incidence of TB in the Far Eastern Federal District amounted to 51.0 per 100 thousand population under the target value of 41.0. The coverage of population with preventive TB screening comprised 72.9% under the target value of 72.5% (achieved). The mortality rate in tuberculosis patients was 9.1 per 100 thousand population under the target value of 6.0. The maximum mortality rates were recorded in the Amur Oblast (15.8) and Primorsky Krai (15.3) with 55.6% of fatal cases. The share of newly-diagnosed TB cases in prisons comprised 7.7% under the target value of 7.6%. The share of newly-diagnosed pulmonary TB cases with a culture-positive result was 56.5%, which exceeded the target value of 55.5%. However, this indicator was extremely low in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (26.9%), Zabaykalsky Krai (29.7%), and Jewish Autonomous Oblast (31.9%). The indicator “Effectiveness of the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis” was 55.9% under the target value of 57.5%. The main problem of achieving this indicator was associated with insufficient adherence of patients to treatment.Conclusions. Tuberculosis remains to be a serious problem in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Only two out of six indicators of the targeted governmental program were achieved. The epidemic situation in the Primorsky Krai and Amur Oblast requires increased attention due to their significant role in the Far Eastern Federal District as a whole. Efforts should be aimed at improving laboratory diagnostics of TB and developing programs of psychosocial support for TB patients.

Совокупная факторная производительность в сельском хозяйстве регионов России

The Russian agricultural sector needs to improve production technologies, increase the share of high added value products in the structure of production, reduce unit costs, improve labour efficiency, and implement effective management innovations. Issues of unit cost reduction deserve special consideration. In this regard, the present study examines the development of the agricultural sector by using an indicator of total factor productivity (TFP) as a measure of efficiency. The article aims to determine the differentiation of Russian regions by TFP based on the author’s assessment methodology. An analysis of TFP dynamics revealed some regions that achieved indicators exceeding the national average, as well as leading and lagging regions. The highest total factor productivity growth in 2011–2020 was observed in Pskov, Penza, Oryol, Ryazan oblasts, Kamchatka krai, etc. The average Russian value of this indicator is characteristic of Sverdlovsk and Astrakhan oblasts. Tyumen and Sakhalin oblasts, Primorsky and Stavropol krais, the Republic of Karelia, Chelyabinsk oblast, Jewish Autonomous oblast, Chukotka Autonomous okrug, and the Republic of Ingushetia are in the group of lagging regions. Factors contributing to Russia’s long-term agricultural growth include effective investment, technological progress, and growing TFP rates. An increase in farmers’ demand for advanced technologies necessary for market share maintenance and survival can be a driver of innovative development. However, if major innovations are poorly implemented, high growth rate of total factor productivity is difficult to sustain; it will gradually decline as the quality of innovation activities decreases.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ФЛЮОРИТОНОСНОСТИ ХАБАРОВСКОГО КРАЯ, ЕАО И АМУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The available data on the presence of fluorites in the Khabarovsky Krai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Amur Oblast have been synthesized. Fluorite deposits and occurrences are classified as rare-earth-fluorite, beryllium-fluorite, fluorite-tin-ore, polymetallic-fluorite, and fluorite. Also, fluorite occurs in ore deposits and phosphorite deposits. The features of their localization in different tectono-stratigraphic areas of the region are shown. Fluorite-bearing regions were identified and their potential for development was assessed. Fluorite occurrences that are economically attractive targets for exploration are located along the periphery of the Siberian platform and in the southern part of the Bureya massif. Forecast resources of fluorite were calculated and the prospects for their industrial development were assessed.

Типологизация региональных систем России в связи с процессами декарбонизации экономики

The Paris Agreement on climate change was adopted on December 12, 2015 by 197 states. Despite mutual sanctions between Russia and a group of countries led by the United States, the agree-ment remains in force. Since sanctions negatively affect the dynamics of the global economy, they cannot be perpetually imposed. Therefore, the state should be ready for any changes in foreign economic relations, including the lifting of sanctions and, in particular, fulfilment of the requirements of the Paris Agreement. To decarbonise the economy, regions have to take effective action and thoroughly assess the future work. The influence of the emission factor in each region is determined by the scale and structure of the econ-omy. The study presents a typology of regions based on the scale of production, functional localisation, vol-ume and structure of exports to non-CIS countries, volume and structure of exports by economic sectors subject to environmental taxation by the European Union and members of the Paris Agreement. Industrial regions, being major exporters of fuel and energy, chemistry and petrochemistry, metals, agricultural pro-duction, are more dependent on decarbonisation. Economically underdeveloped regions, such as Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tyva, Chechnya and Jewish Autonomous Oblast, do not actively participate in the international division of labour and, consequently, do not depend on decarbonisation processes. Thus, the territorial differentiation of Russian regional systems should be considered when implementing socio-economic strategies, which take into account decarbonisation pro-cesses. Introduction of international hydrocarbon regulation by the European Union and transition to envi-ronmentally friendly technologies for the production of goods and services will require the territorial and structural transformation of regional economic systems.

Altai weasel Mustela altaica Pallas, 1811 in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (2011–2021 data)

Altai weasel, Mustela altaica, is listed in the Red Data Books of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Amur Region, Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsky Krai as Transbaikalian weasel, M. altaica raddei Ognev, 1928. It was included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation in 2001, but was not listed in its new version of 2021. This article presents original data on the Altai weasel sightings in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and in the Bastak Nature Reserve separately over the past 10 years, as well as the estimated abundance of the species in the region. Based on these data, it was established that the Altai weasel in the region is endangered. Measures for the protection of the Far Eastern population of the Altai weasel and the restoration of its abundance in the region are proposed. In particular, it is recommended to change the rarity status of the subspecies in the regional Red Data Book from the second category to the first category and to restore the Altai weasel in the Red Data Book of Russia with the rarity status category 1 (an endangered species).

New data on cyanobacteria and algae in the Russian Far East. Part II

Two new species for the Russian Far East, Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum (Cyanobacteria) and Pseudomuriella engadinensis (Chlorophyta), were isolated from the forest soil of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast using an integrative approach. It is the first finding of the Cyanobacteria A. pseudacutissimum for the Russian Federation.