Jewelry Worn Research Articles

Shariah Compliance in Malay Wedding Ceremony Expenditure

Traditional Malay weddings are fast becoming an expensive affair these days, mainly due to escalation in its overall expenditure, and compounded by some additional rituals, overpriced wedding trappings and services by event managers. While the trend to spend lavishly during weddings is on the rise, the Malay community seems to ignore concerns related with wastefulness which is against Islamic values. This article examines wedding expenditures in Islam and attempts to justify its excessiveness vis-à-vis shariah compliance through the qualitative research method. The data have been collected by interviewing the wedding planners and shariah experts. Data from interviews are analysed by using the thematic content analysis method. These interviews revealed that the Malay community tends to justify high expenditure in four different categories of expenditures. Four categories are examined from the shariah perspective with regard to shariah ideas and validation from shariah experts. Theoretically, Islam acknowledges the Muslims’ right to own and manage their property according to their abilities. The Islamic concept of spending focuses on halal resources, i.e., wholesome, good, and beneficial things, which bring about spiritual rewards. Wedding expenditure is considered shariah-compliant so long as it adheres to the basic concept of not glamourising events and resources not wasted on rituals considered unIslamic. Extra expenditure such as beauty treatment, beautification, dais and photography requirement must comply with relevant shariah edicts. As for the moral aspect of the wedding, the study concludes that the ceremony is only considered shariah-compliant if it conforms to the rules of modesty, gender segregation, awrah, wearing of jewellery, and entertainment. Further, traditional wedding dances should not contain inappropriate elements, and songs sung on the occasion should not contain inappropriate and crude language.

Burial Rite of the Chuvash People in the 16th –19th Centuries

The analysis of the elements of the burial rite of the Chuvash people was carried out through statistical processing of burial grounds materials. Tombstone structures, pit construction, burial equipment and remnants of traditional costume are considered. Position of the skeleton is detailed in various ways of laying the arms (along the body, on the pelvis, stomach, chest), rare deviations from the elongated corpse position on the back (crouched, half-turned). The all-Chuvash traditional burial rite can be characterized by the presence of the following elements: shallow grave pits with steep walls and a flat bottom, an elongated position of the skeleton, a coffin or a wooden structure, household equipment, a suit and jewelry worn during life, rarely things that were of particular importance to the deceased. Massively, regardless of gender and age, the presence of a coffin or an iron knife is recorded, while the fragments of a sickle are characteristic of children's burials. The burial inventory is an integral part of the ritual of all ethnographic groups of the Chuvash people. Among the cults, the cult of fire and the horse are widespread. Statistical data allow us to establish the frequency of occurrence of individual elements in different burial grounds, binding to the sex and age groups of burials.

Детские погребения раннесредневекового некрополя Боспора

The article publishes children’s burials, investigated in 2007 and 2009. in Kerch, on the site of the Bosporan necropolis in the Bosphorus Lane. Ordinary townspeople were buried in the necropolis at the end of the 6th—8th centuries. Children, as well as adults, were buried in graves with slab-lined sides and covered with several slabs on top. In some graves, crosses are cut on the slabs. Many of the children’s burials contain clothing accessories and jewelry worn during life. Bronze bells were found only in children’s burials, intended to protect against evil forces.

Iklan Aesthetics in Niger: Identity and Adornment from Servility to Self-agency

<i>Iklan</i> Aesthetics in Niger: Identity and Adornment from Servility to Self-agency

Symbolic Interaction Of Migrant Women In Pontang District, Banten Province

Migrant women are a phenomenon that describes a change in the position of husband and wife in the life of Indonesian society in general. This study aims to explore the interactions that occur between migrant women and their families and communities which then lead to symbols that are interpreted differently by migrant women, families and communities. The research method used in this study uses an ethnomethodological method, which in this research method reflects behavior and tries to understand or interpret someone and others. The results of the study illustrate that there are symbols that are interpreted as meaning the success of migrant women with big and nice houses, jewelry worn and vehicles. These symbols then create a new culture or different interactions between migrant women, both with their families and communities.

MOTIF KALAMAKARA PADA TEMUAN PERHIASAN EMAS ERA MAJAPAHIT KOLEKSI MUSEUM NASIONAL JAKARTA

Jewelry in the Classical era in Indonesia, especially in the Late Classic era, occupies an important position in society. Apart from being a symbol of a person's status and position, when discussing the depiction of jewelry on a statue or relief, the jewelry worn by a character is also an indication in determining the identity of the character. Jewelry in the Late Classical era was made of gold, which was considered to have high material, symbolic, and religious value in society at that time. Based on the findings of jewelry in the Late Classic era, especially the Majapahit era, there is an interesting phenomenon, namely the depiction of animal figures as decorations or ornaments. This phenomenon is seen in the crown, earrings, and shoulder harness, as found in Trowulan. In some jewelery, the form of kalamakara (kalamakara) is displayed, which is usually depicted on the gate of the temple, as a repellent to disaster. The depiction of kalamakara in jewelry raises questions about the background behind the depiction. This research was conducted using qualitative methods through observation of four samples of Majapahit era jewelry found in Trowulan, the collection of the Jakarta National Museum. It can be concluded that the existence of kalamakara as a motif in jewelry is related to the meaning of kalamakara in Javanese society, namely as a repellent for disaster. &#x0D; Keywords: jewelry, kalamakara motif, Majapahit era

Health Professionals’ Hand Hygiene Best Practice on Infection and Resistance Reduction at District Health Facilities, Cameroon

Hospital-based hand hygiene measures and best practice have been empirically proven to prevent cross-transmission of infection and resistance spreading. Little is documented on hand hygiene best practices in reducing pathogenic micro-organisms transmission dynamic, infection and resistance spread at district/community health facilities and hospitals in Cameroon. Our study thus, aimed at evaluating health workers hand hygiene measures compliance and best practices against pathogenic infections over a period of seven months at Nylon Health District, Douala, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study using an observation grid analysis based on WHO protocol was used to collect samples from 155 consented health workers from eight Nylon health facilities. A univariate logistic regression was performed to define the compliance rates and assessment of indicators at 95% confidence interval (CI). An overall hand hygiene compliance rate of 7.74% (12/155) was observed. Public and private health facilities had similar hand hygiene compliance rates of 7.69% and 7.84% respectively. Doctors had the most nails within 0.5 cm/ and the nails of the midwives were the most varnished and/or artificial nails. Professional qualifications (state certified nurse/midwives (OR=10.74; 95% CI OR [1.22; 94.43]; p-value=0.03) and doctors (OR=8.38; CI 95% OR [1.67; 41.95]; p-value=0.01)) and the wearing of jewellery and/or artificial nails or varnish, and/or nails of size>5 mm during treatment (OR=0.16; 95% CI OR [0.03; 0.97]; p-value=0.04) were the factors significantly influencing the compliance of hand washing. This study shows that hand hygiene measures best practice amongst health staff at district health facilities was low which calls for urgent awareness and health education to reinforce the hospital’s infection prevention and control standards training activities so as to improve quality care delivery and reduce antimicrobial resistance spread in Cameroon.

Pharmaceutical jewelry: Earring patch for transdermal delivery of contraceptive hormone

Lack of adherence to medication dosing schedules is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with large associated financial costs. This is especially true for contraceptive hormones, which provide almost perfect prevention of pregnancy when used correctly, but have significant failure rates in typical use, due largely to poor adherence. To increase medication acceptability and adherence, we introduce pharmaceutical jewelry, in which a transdermal patch is incorporated into jewelry worn on skin. To demonstrate the approach, we incorporated transdermal patches containing the contraceptive hormone levonorgestrel (LNG) into an earring, a ring, a necklace, and a wrist watch. Transdermal delivery of LNG from earring patches across porcine skin ex vivo achieved a steady state flux of 1.7 μg/cm2·h. Pharmacokinetic analysis in hairless rats yielded LNG delivery rates that maintained serum LNG levels near 1500 pg/ml throughout the 1-week patch application period, which is well above the human contraceptive threshold concentration of 200 pg/ml. When patches were applied cyclically for 16 h on and 8 h off to simulate earring removal at night, serum LNG concentrations dipped during off periods, but remained well above the human contraceptive threshold. Earring patches were well tolerated by the rats. We conclude that pharmaceutical jewelry can provide a novel method of drug delivery, especially for contraceptive hormones, that has the potential to improve acceptability and increase medication adherence.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day by Gary E. Moulton

Reviewed by: The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day by Gary E. Moulton Diana L. Ahmad The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day. By Gary E. Moulton. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. vii + 654 pp. Illustrations, maps, index. $75.00 paper. The adventures of the Corps of Discovery are well known, but no one has compiled such an easy to read and thorough look into the explorations of the Lewis and Clark team like Gary Moulton. Moulton successfully combined the writings of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and members of the team, including John Ordway and Patrick Gass, to provide a day-by-day narrative of the journey. While much of the Lewis and Clark mission was outside the Great Plains, the men described the land, vegetation, climate, animals, and Native Americans, often in great detail. Lewis and Clark’s writings about the Great Plains logically focused on the watered areas of the region as they passed through the Plains in their canoes and camped near the shores. Amazed by the numbers of buffalo, grizzly bears, and antelope they found on the Great Plains, they also enjoyed the prairie dogs and found the mosquitoes annoying and the birds beautiful. They saw the mountain goat for the first time, calling it a sheep. As their journey progressed and they learned more and more, the men compared the animals of the Great Plains to those farther west, such as the grouse. The numbers of buffalo continued to amaze Lewis throughout the journey. Regarding vegetation, the men commented upon the cherries, plums, and hog peanuts they found. On their return to St. Louis, they once again encountered prickly pears on the Great Plains, reminding them that their journey was nearly at an end. Lewis and the others wrote about the Native Americans in great detail, explaining their horticultural practices, hunting styles, and relationships with other Native groups. For example, they thought of the Mandans as typical Great Plains village dwellers who farmed and regularly hunted on horseback. Descriptions of the clothing and jewelry worn by the tribes brought the people of the Plains to life. Reading Moulton’s narrative of the journey reminds readers of journals, diaries, and reminiscences written by overland trail travelers in the 1840s to 1860s, but knowing that the Corps of Discovery first noted these things makes the journey of Lewis and Clark all the more spectacular. While not providing an analysis of the mission, Moulton provided a volume accessible to all. Diana L. Ahmad Department of History and Political Science Missouri University of Science and Technology Copyright © 2019 Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Compliance with clothing regulations and traffic flow in the operating room: a multi-centre study of staff discipline during surgical procedures

This multi-centre study assessed operating room (OR) staff compliance with clothing regulations and traffic flow during surgical procedures. Of 1615 surgical attires audited, 56% respected the eight clothing measures. Lack of compliance was mainly due to inappropriate wearing of jewellery (26%) and head coverage (25%). In 212 procedures observed, a median of five people [interquartile range (IQR) 4-6] were present at the time of incision. The median frequency of entries to/exits from the OR was 10.6/h (IQR 6-29) (range 0-93). Reasons for entries to/exits from the OR were mainly to obtain materials required in the OR (N=364, 44.5%). ORs with low compliance with clothing regulations tended to have higher traffic flows, although the difference was not significant (P=0.12).

Vendor Hygienic Practices and Consumer Perception of Food Safety during the Carnival festival on the island of Tobago, West Indies

AbstractLocal festivals are usually the highlights on the small island, Tobago, West Indies. The street vendors capitalized on the Carnival season where they provide a variety of foods and beverages on‐demand for masqueraders and spectators. Therefore, this study examined food safety and hygienic practices by vendors and consumer perception of such practices at the Carnival festivals in Tobago. Standard structured questionnaires and observational checklists were compiled and administered to 50 vendors and 150 consumers at five Carnival events. Each vendor was observed for frequency of practices for 15–20 min. Consumers were sampled systematically (every fifth person encountered) at each event. The vendors examined were generally female (70.0%), 41–50 years old (34.0%), possessed less than primary education (36.0%), acquired more than 5 years of experience (44.0%) and were stationary (78.0%). The most common food prepared and sold was hot dog (36.0% of all sold foods). Educated vendors practised good personal hygiene and on‐site food handling, whereas the others performed improper practices such as absence of aprons and hair covering, wearing of jewellery and handling money while serving. Also, vendors displaying valid food badges generally practised more proper personal hygiene and food handling than those without badges. The majority of the consumers examined were residents of Tobago (80.0%), female (74.7%), 21–30 years old (39.3%) and possessed secondary education (53.3%). More than half of the consumers purchased foods at Carnival events (57.3%). Most (82.7%) who did not purchase stored foods in coolers. More than half (58.0%) had seen or read Carnival food safety articles in the local newspapers and most (96.0%) were aware that illnesses can be transmitted via consumption of food. Additionally, 42 out of 74 respondents (56.8%), who indicated that they were affected by foodborne illness, sought medical help when foodborne illness was suspected. However, a mere 13 out of 74 consumers (17.6%), who indicated that they were affected by foodborne illness, lodged reports of suspected foodborne illness with the local health authority. Younger consumers (21–30 years old) mostly read food safety articles and were conscious of illness being transmitted via consumption of food. In addition, the more educated consumers (tertiary education) indicated awareness as well as formal reporting of foodborne illness. Some gaps in vendor practices included handling of money while serving (78.0%), failure to clean utensils (68.0%) and access to water (48.0%). Noteworthy, only visual observation and interviews were utilized in the study.

The Research of Developing Virtual Jewelry Worn System Based on ARToolkit

This paper describes how to realize the virtual jewelry worn system based on ARToolkit technology. This technology can help consumers experience the jewelry worn on his body effect before receive the actual product, it can enrich people's online shopping experience. Augmented Reality technology lets online shoppers use the virtual goods to resolve the gap is larger between apparel goods and photos of them.

Evaluación de la técnica de higiene de manos en profesionales asistenciales

Objective to evaluate the quality of hand hygiene in healthcare workers and the influence of wearing jewellery. Methods A sample of 293 healthcare professionals of different categories and on different shifts was studied. Hand hygiene was evaluated by a fluorescent agent that allowed us to determine the areas of the hand that had been in contact with the solution. Each hand was divided into 6 zones to quantify the quality of hygiene, the maximum score was 12 points. The wearing of jewellery was quantified. Results The mean score obtained was 8.3 (SD 2.0) out of 12 points. At least one untreated area of the hand was found in 95.2% of subjects. The results in fingers, thumbs and wrists were significantly lower than those obtained in other areas of the hand ( p <.001), being dirty in over 50% of the participants. A dirty wrist was observed in 90% of those who wore a watch and in 92.7% of those wearing a bracelet,and the 84.3% of subjects who wore a ring had dirty fingers. Conclusions Healthcare workers did not apply the technique of hand hygiene effectively. Areas where the alcoholic solution did not act as often were: thumbs, fingers and wrist. The use of watches, bracelets and rings prevent good hygiene.

Évaluation du port de bijou chez des professionnels de la santé français

Objective A prospective observation study was undertaken in seven medical centers, in the French region Alpes-Maritime, to assess nail hygiene of healthcare professionals and how often they wear hand jewellery. Method Seven hundred and six healthcare workers in seven medical centers were interviewed from March to April 2008. Results Among the 706 professionals, 306 (43%) were wearing one or several pieces of jewellery. The nails of 81 (11.5%) were non-standard according to guidelines. Three hundred and forty-four health care professionals (49%) were wearing one or several pieces of jewellery and/or presented with non-standard nails. In univariate analysis, the wearing of jewellery was linked to the medical centre ( P < 0.001), to the professional category ( p < 0.001), to the number of times people washed their hands or used hand gel per day (ABHR) by categories (< 10 times per day or ≥ 10 times per day) ( P < 0.017). In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors linked to the wearing of jewellery were the medical centers, the professional category, and the age. Conclusion There are still too many healthcare professionals who do not comply to French recommendations on hand hygiene concerning the wearing of jewellery and nail hygiene standards.

Hand Hygiene: More Than Just Hands

Each year as many as 90,000 patients die from facility-acquired infections. Data indicate up to 70% of acquired infections are antibiotic resistant. Hands are the most common routes for transmission of infections. Efforts to improve hand hygiene involve more than the duration of hand washing--they should address disinfectants used, fingernail cleanliness, jewelry worn, and shirtsleeve length. Several low-cost interventions help minimize the spread of infections; alcohol-based handrubs are especially effective. Organizational improvement programs should address hand hygiene compliance.

Pacific Jewelry and Adornment (review)

Reviewed by: Pacific Jewelry and Adornment Donald H Rubinstein Pacific Jewelry and Adornment, by Roger Neich and Fuli Pereira. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8248-2882-8; 190 pages, maps, photographs, notes, bibliography, index. US$33.00. One would expect a publication on Pacific jewelry and adornment to be an attractive production, and this book is indeed beautifully designed and printed. Over 240 high-quality photographs embellish the book and illustrate a splendid array of objects from around the Pacific. Many of the objects are dramatically photographed against a black background; all the pieces are very well lit to reveal fine details of workmanship and materials. In some cases backlighting is also used to good advantage to show off the translucence of jade or turtle-shell finery. Additionally, over 40 photographs taken in situ, some from as early as the 1880s and others quite recent, show Pacific Islanders wearing personal adornments. The objects are all from the collection of the Auckland Museum, [End Page 473] and the photographs are from both the Auckland Museum and the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington. Following an introductory essay, the book is divided into five chapters, each devoted to a geographic-cultural region. A brief two-page note on the collections follows the main chapters. For a region as diverse and vast as the Pacific Islands, writing an introductory twenty-page essay that contextualizes jewelry and adornment within local cultural systems of meaning without indulging in truisms and overgeneralizations is a difficult challenge. Roger Neich succeeds well. He addresses the cultural diversity of the Pacific at the outset and provides a very brief overview of Pacific prehistory, from its ancient Pleistocene beginnings at least 40,000 years ago with settlement of New Guinea, Australia, and Near Oceania, to the more recent expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples, the development of the Lapita cultural complex around 3,500 years ago, and the settlement ofthe wider Pacific. Neich situates jewelry broadly within Pacific Islanders' beliefs in a "vital spiritual energy, a life force that animates the universe" (14). He makes the point that objects of personal adornment serve as more than mere decoration, by focusing this energy and providing people some control over its power. Alluding further to the semiotic function of jewelry and adornment, Neich describes the "message of the materials" (17). The rarity of certain materials such as varieties of seashell or pearl shell, or the difficulty of working very hard materials into ornaments, gave some materials enormous value and a central role in systems of currency. Neich gives particular attention to the widespread connection between jewelry and currency, especially in areas of Melanesia and Micronesia where shell disc currency was in use. Without proposing an overarching theory of Pacific jewelry, he suggests a continuum in the connection between currency and ornament, from one extreme where the object is purely one of wealth or economic value, to another "where the aesthetic value is paramount and any commercial value is minimal or obsolete" (27). More culturally specific to Pacific Islanders' world, Neich points out the "close connection between fishhooks and ornament throughout much of the Pacific" (25), and the deep cultural significance of ornaments made from fishhooks or parts of them or imitations of them. He also discusses the use of jewelry as symbolic protection in warfare or against sorcery, or jewelry worn as "charms, talismans and amulets" to protect against evil or to help seduce the opposite sex (29). Neich describes how Pacific jewelry marked social status, or functioned as symbols of rank and leadership or markers of clan membership, or functioned as heirloom objects embodying ties to ancestors whose preserved body parts (hair, teeth, bones, fingers, skull) might serve as personal ornaments for surviving kin. Following the introductory essay, the five main chapters serve as regional galleries of areas throughout the Pacific, exemplifying through photographs and descriptions of objects many of the points made in the introductory essay. Each chapter begins with a one- or two-page overview of the geography, history, cultural emphases, social organization, [End Page 474] and systems of trade in the area. Chapter 1, Micronesia, includes objects predominantly from Kiribati, undoubtedly owing to the colonial...

Code of practice for food handler activities

The food industry regulates various aspects of food handler activities, according to legislation and customer expectations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a code of practice which delineates a set of working standards for food handler hygiene, handwashing, use of protective equipment, wearing of jewellery and body piercing. The code was developed by a working group of occupational physicians with expertise in both food manufacturing and retail, using a risk assessment approach. Views were also obtained from other occupational physicians working within the food industry and the relevant regulatory bodies. The final version of the code (available in full as Supplementary data in Occupational Medicine Online) therefore represents a broad consensus of opinion. The code of practice represents a set of minimum standards for food handler suitability and activities, based on a practical assessment of risk, for application in food businesses. It aims to provide useful working advice to food businesses of all sizes.

Bracelets from Viminacium and Sirmium as evidence of Palmyra goldsmithery influences on local jewelry production

The jewelry worn in the Roman times by the women of Palmyra is best known to us from the tombstones. The archaeological confirmation for the use of these adornments represented on Palmyrene reliefs is a pair of golden bracelets discovered in Viminacium. Very close analogy for this jewelry is a pair of silver bracelets from a treasure discovered at the site Rhetel in Gaul. One less luxurious specimen made of bronze and discovered in the course of systematic investigations of Sirmium in 1976 also belongs to this distinct group of Roman bracelets. Jewelry from Sirmium, Viminacium and Gaul, shows that decorative system, originating from Palmyrene bracelets, quickly entered, in the middle and during the second half of the 3rd century, the repertoire of some goldsmiths' workshops in the West, where experienced various transformations.