Jensen's Method Research Articles

Frailty Was Associated With Atmospheric NO2 Levels: A Geospatial Approach.

Recent evidence has linked air pollution with frailty, yet little is known about the role of NO2 in this association. Our aim was to assess the association between frailty and NO2 air concentrations in Mexican older adults. We used georeferenced data from the population-based Nutrition and Health Survey in Mexico (NHNS) 2021, representative of national and subnational regions, to measure a frailty index based on 31 health deficits in adults aged 50 and older. Air pollution due to NO2 concentrations was estimated from satellite images validated with data from surface-level stations. Maps were produced using Jensen's Natural break method. The association of frailty and NO2 concentrations was measured using the frailty index (multivariate fractional response logit regression) and a frailty binary variable (frailty index [FI] ≥0.36, multivariate logit regression). There was a positive and significant association of the frailty index with the NO2 concentrations, adjusting for age, sex, urban and rural area, years of education, socioeconomic status, living arrangement, particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, and indoor pollution. For each standard deviation increase in NO2 concentrations measured 10 years before the survey, the odds of being frail were 15% higher, and the frailty index was 14.5% higher. The fraction of frailty attributable to NO2 exposure ranged from 1.8% to 23.5% according to different scenarios. Frailty was positively associated with exposure to NO2 concentrations. Mapping frailty and its associated factors like NO2 air concentrations can contribute to the design of targeted pro-healthy aging policies.

Analysis of Sri-Kehati Stock Performance in The Period Before and During Covid-19 Using The Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen Methods

This research aims to compare the performance of the SRI-KEHATI index stocks before and during the COVID-19 period using the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen's Alpha. A quantitative method with a descriptive approach was used in this study, utilizing secondary data. Sample data selection employed a non-probability method with a purposive sampling technique from a single population. Statistical tests were then conducted using paired sample t-test to examine whether there is a difference in portfolio performance among the stocks in the SRI-KEHATI index between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen methods. The results of this research indicate that there was a notable contrast between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic when utilizing the Sharpe Ratio and Treynor Ratio measurement methods. However, this discrepancy was not observed when employing the Jensen Method, as there was no significant difference detected between the two periods.

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of the ethanol extract of Erythrina sigmoidea stem bark used for the treatment of malaria in the Western Region of Cameroon

BackgroundMalaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and/or mortality in tropical Africa. The spread and development of resistance to chemical antimalarial drugs and the relatively high cost of the latter are problems associated with malaria control and are reasons to promote the use of plants to meet healthcare needs to treat malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate antiplasmodial activities of extracts of Erythrina sigmoidea (Mah quat), which is traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in the western region of Cameroon.Material and methodsThe ethanol extract of E. sigmoidea stem bark was obtained through the maceration process using 95% ethanol, while the aqueous extract was prepared by infusion. The in vitro antiplasmodial effect of extracts against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains was determined using the Trager and Jensen method. On the other hand, the in vivo antimalarial activity of the extract was evaluated in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei strain NK65 using the Peters’ 4-day suppressive test and Ryley test (curative test). A total of 36 mice were used, subdivided into six groups of six mice each: one normal control, a negative control, a positive control, and three other groups for the tested product. Blood samples were collected on the 10th day of each test for hematological parameters.ResultsThe aqueous extract had an in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain with an IC50 of 29.51 ± 3.63 µg/mL and against the chloroquine-resistant strain with an IC50 of 35.23 ± 3.17 µg/mL. The highest in vitro antiplasmodial activity was observed with the ethanol extract against the chloroquine-sensitive strain with an IC50 of 6.44 ± 0.08 µg/mL and against the chloroquine-resistant strain with an IC50 of 7.53 ± 0.22 µg/mL. The ethanol extract demonstrated suppressive activity in vivo with reduction rates of 87.69%, 86.79%, and 81.08% at doses of 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 125 mg/kg, respectively; and curative activity in vivo with reduction rates of 80%, 78.5%, and 77.5% at doses of 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 125 mg/kg, respectively. The number of white blood cells in the negative control (44.55 ± 5.02 103/µL) was higher compared to the other groups. As for the red blood cells, we observed a massive destruction of the latter in the infected and untreated group (5.82 ± 1.50 106/µL) compared to the infected and ethanol extract-treated groups (8.74 ± 1.57 106/µL for 500 mg/kg, 7.54 ± 1.77 106/µL for 250 mg/kg, and 8.9 ± 1.50 106/µL for 125 mg/kg).ConclusionThis study provides scientific data on the use of E. sigmoidea by the local population for the treatment of malaria. It shows that E. sigmoidea has antiplasmodial activity, and we also see that there are differences between the parameters that we have in the treated groups and those of the untreated group. However, toxicity tests are necessary to assess its safety.

Induction of Artesunate Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain Using Intermittent Exposure Method and Comparing P.fk13 Sequence between Susceptible and Resistant Strains.

Resistance to artemisinin has threatened major achievements in malaria control, more investigations is needed about resistant strains and related genes. We aimed to induce resistance to artesunate in the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain using intermittent exposure method and comparing P.fk13 gene sequence between susceptible and resistance strains. P. falciparum 3D7 strain was cultured according to Trager & Jensen method with some modifications. Serial concentrations between 10-2 mol/l, to 10-7mol/l were prepared, then P. falciparum 3D7 was exposed to each of the dilution to determine IC50 and lethal dose. Sensitivity reduction process was started from the concentration of 10-7mol/l and ended at 10-2mol/l. Exposed parasites were collected after at least 27 days after cultivation in each drug concentration. DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing process were performed to investigate any possible mutations in the P.fk13 gene sequence. Effectiveness of 10-2mol/l concentration of artemisinin was found as a lethal dose. IC50 value was equal to 5×10-4 mol/l. The resistant strain was provided in the lab, sequenced and registered in the gene bank as P.f Art -2, (accession number MH796123. 1). Alignment of this registered sample showed no mutation in P.f kelch13 gene in comparison with standard strain submitted in the GenBank. Resistance to artesunate in malaria parasite may occur but with no mutation in the P.f kelch13 gene. Therefore, whole genome sequencing should be applied to determine mutations in resistant strains.

Furosemide versus placebo for fluid overload in intensive care patients-The randomised GODIF trial second version: Statistical analysis plan.

Fluid overload is associated with increased mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The GODIF trial aims to assess the benefits and harms of fluid removal with furosemide versus placebo in stable adult patients with moderate to severe fluid overload in the ICU. This article describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the primary results of the second version of the GODIF trial. The GODIF trial is an international, multi-centre, randomised, stratified, blinded, parallel-group, pragmatic clinical trial, allocating 1000 adult ICU patients with moderate to severe fluid overload 1:1 to furosemide versus placebo. The primary outcome is days alive and out of hospital within 90 days post-randomisation. With a power of 90% and an alpha level of 5%, we may reject or detect an improvement of 8%. The primary analyses of all outcomes will be performed in the intention-to-treat population. For the primary outcome, the Kryger Jensen and Lange method will be used to compare the two treatment groups adjusted for stratification variables supplemented with sensitivity analyses in the per-protocol population and with further adjustments for prognostic variables. Secondary outcomes will be analysed with multiple linear regressions, logistic regressions or the Kryger Jensen and Lange method as suitable with adjustment for stratification variables. The GODIF trial data will increase the certainty about the effects of fluid removal using furosemide in adult ICU patients with fluid overload. EudraCT identifier: 2019-004292-40 and ClinicalTrials.org: NCT04180397.

Chromatography fractions from the ethyl acetate fraction of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poiret fruits (Hypericaceae) inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The economic burden of drug resistant tuberculosis strain is enormous due to its being one of the leading cause of global mortality. New treatments that are faster, simpler and affordable are urgently needed. Thus this research aimed to validate that the ethyl acetate fraction from the Nigeria variety of Harungana madagascariensis contain secondary metabolites with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. The fruit of H. madagascariensis was extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol by cold maceration. The crude aqueous ethanol extract was defatted with n-hexane by partitioning and the aqueous portion further partitioned with ethyl acetate to give ethyl acetate portion (EAP) used in this study. Fractionation of EAP was done using chromatographic techniques. Phytochemical screening of the fractions was done using standard methods. Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis screening was done using Lowestein Jensen(LJ) method (test fractions stock solution 1mg/ml diluted to a 0.01mg/ml in the LJ medium while isoniazid, dihydrostreptomycin, ethambutol and rifampicin at their reported minimum inhibition concentrations(MIC) were used as reference anti-TB drugs). Four (4) chromatography fractions (EAF1 –EAF4) were obtained. All fractions were found to contain phenolics with anthraquinone present in EAF2 and EAF3. Fractions EAF3 and EAF4 inhibited the growth of the Mycobacteria tuberculosis. This preliminary screening validates the use of H. madagascariensis in traditional medicine and as a potential source of natural products with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity as well as a good source of anthraquinone.

Power quality assessment in different wind power plant models considering wind turbine wake effects

Abstract The intense increase in the installed capacity of wind farms has required a computationally efficient dynamic equivalent model of wind farms. Various types of wind-farm modelling aim to identify the accuracy and simulation time in the presence of the power system. In this study, dynamic simulation of equivalent models of a sample wind farm, including single-turbine representation, multiple-turbine representation, quasi-multiple-turbine representation and full-turbine representation models, are performed using a doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine model developed in DIgSILENT software. The developed doubly-fed induction generator model in DIgSILENT is intended to simulate inflow wind turbulence for more accurate performance. The wake effects between wind turbines for the full-turbine representation and multiple-turbine representation models have been considered using the Jensen method. The developed model improves the extraction power of the turbine according to the layout of the wind farm. The accuracy of the mentioned methods is evaluated by calculating the output parameters of the wind farm, including active and reactive powers, voltage and instantaneous flicker intensity. The study was carried out on a sample wind farm, which included 39 wind turbines. The simulation results confirm that the computational loads of the single-turbine representation (STR), the multiple-turbine representation and the quasi-multiple-turbine representation are 1/39, 1/8 and 1/8 times the full-turbine representation model, respectively. On the other hand, the error of active power (voltage) with respect to the full-turbine representation model is 74.59% (1.31%), 43.29% (0.31%) and 7.19% (0.11%) for the STR, the multiple-turbine representation and the quasi-multiple representation, respectively.

ANALYSIS OF STOCK PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE USING THE SHARPE, TREYNOR AND JENSEN METHODS

This study aims to find out whether using the single index method will produce an optimal portfolio of Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70) stocks listed on the IDX for the 2019-2022 period and continue to assess its performance using the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor and Jensen methods to find out the best method in assessing the performance of stock portfolios formed in a period. The selection of this research sample was used based on purposive random sampling technique. This study used the One Way of Variance by Rank Kruskal-Wallis different test. In this study, the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen values were standardized through the Z-score transformation (standardized) followed by the Mean Rank difference test between treatments. The test results using the Kruskal-Wallis test were obtained with a probability of 0.000. It is known that the probability of testing ≤ 0.05. These results indicate that there are significant differences between the tests with the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen methods. Thus, the null hypothesis H0 in this study was rejected. The test results between the three treatment differences in mean rank, showed no significant difference between each treatment because Jensen had the lowest difference in mean rank to Sharpe and Treynor. Jensen's method has a mean difference the lowest rank against Sharpe and Treynor, meaning that Jensen is the most consistent with indifference. Based on the results of the issuer's Jensen method analysis.

Membandingkan Kinerja Reksadana Syariah di Indonesia (Periode 2016-2020)

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Islamic equity mutual funds in 2016-2020 using the Sharpe method. Treynor, and Jensen. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. The type of data used is secondary data. From the results of the study found differences in performance values using the three. Using the Sharpe method, almost all Islamic stock mutual funds have negative performance values in 2016-2020. Only the Syariah Mutual Fund Lautandhana, while the Batavia Mutual Fund Syariah Shares have the lowest performance values. Using the Treynor method, the 2017-2020 observation period was all negative, whereas in 2016, the Lautandhana Saham Syariah mutual fund performed positively. Mutual Fund Batavia Dana Saham Syariah has the best performance value, Sucorinvest Sharia Equity Fund has the lowest performance value. Using the Jensen method, during the 2016-2020 observation period, all of them had positive performance values. The Mandiri Investa-Attractive Syariah Mutual Fund has the highest performance value, and the Cipta Syariah Equity Mutual Fund has the lowest performance value.

Analisis Kinerja Portofolio Saham Menggunakan Metode Sharpe, Treynor dan Jensen

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal stock portfolio performance on the LQ45 stock index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period February 2019- December 2022. The data analysis method uses a single index model to form an optimal portfolio and uses the Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen index methods to assess performance stock portfolio. Based on the results of the analysis of optimal portfolio formation, it shows that out of 30 samples of LQ45 index stocks, 8 stocks were obtained which included optimal portfolio stocks, namely ERB values > C*, namely ADRO, ANTM, BBCA, BRPT, INCO, INDY, ITMG, & MEDC stocks. the results of the stock portfolio performance appraisal analysis show that of the three portfolio performance appraisal index methods, the calculation of stock performance analysis, the average value of the Sharpe method is 0.1241, while the treynor method is 0.0112, and the Jensen method is 0.0334. The highest performance of the third method is the Sharpe method with an average performance value of 0.1241. So the Sharpe method is the best performance method compared to the Treynor and Jensen methods. The higher the Sharpe index value, the better the performance of the stock portfolio.

Multifractal Properties of Time Series of Synthetic Earthquakes Obtained from a Spring-Block Model.

With the spring-block model proposed by Olami, Feder, and Christensen (OFC), we obtained a time series of synthetic earthquakes with different values of the conservation level (β), which measures the fraction of the energy that a relaxing block passes to its neighbors. The time series have multifractal characteristics, and we analyzed them with the Chhabra and Jensen method. We calculated the width, symmetry, and curvature parameters for each spectrum. As the value of conservation level increases, the spectra widen, the symmetric parameter increases, and the curvature around the maximum of the spectra decreases. In a long series of synthetic seismicity, we located earthquakes of the greatest magnitude and built overlapping windows before and after them. For the time series in each window, we performed multifractal analysis to obtain multifractal spectra. We also calculated the width, symmetry, and curvature around the maximum of the multifractal spectrum. We followed the evolution of these parameters before and after large earthquakes. We found that the multifractal spectra had greater widths, were less skewed to the left, and were very pointed around the maximum before rather than after large earthquakes. We studied and calculated the same parameters and found the same results in the analysis of the Southern California seismicity catalog. This suggests that there seems to be a process of preparation for a great earthquake and that its dynamics are different from the one that occurs after this mainshock based on the behavior of the parameters mentioned before.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampin and isoniazid among multidrug and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Traditionally, single critical concentrations of drugs are utilized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug susceptibility testing (DST); however, the level of drug resistance can impact treatment choices and outcomes. Mutations at the katG gene are the major genetic mutations in multidrug resistant (MDR) Mtb and usually associated with high level resistance. We assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDR or rifampin resistant (RR) and isoniazid (INH) resistant Mtb isolates to determine the quantification of drug resistance among key anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study was conducted on stored Mtb isolates collected as part of a national drug resistance survey in Ethiopia. MIC values were determined using Sensititre™ MYCOTB plates. A line probe assay (MTBDRplus) was also performed to identify genetic determinants of resistance for all isolates. MIC testing was performed on 74 Mtb isolates including 46 MDR, 2 RR and 26 INH phenotypically resistant isolates as determined by the Löwenstein Jensen (LJ) method. Four (15%) INH resistant Mtb isolates were detected as borderline rifampin resistance (MIC = 1 μg/ml) using MYCOTB MIC plates and no rifampin resistance mutations were detected by LPA. Among the 48 MDR/RR TB cases, 9 (19%) were rifabutin susceptible (MIC was between ≤0.25 and 0.5μg/ml). Additionally, the MIC for isoniazid was between 2-4 μg/ml (moderate resistance) for 58% of MDR TB isolates and 95.6% (n = 25) of the isolates had mutations at the katG gene. Our findings suggest a role for rifabutin treatment in a subset of RR TB patients, thus potentially preserving an important drug class. The high proportion of moderate level INH resistant among MDR Mtb isolates indicates the potential benefit of high dose isoniazid treatment in a high proportion of katG gene harboring MDR Mtb isolates.

The Application of Islamic Legal Maxim of Blocking Evils is Precedenced than Taking Benefits in Cryptocurrency Market: Evidence from Treynor and Jensen Method

This practical analysis and investigated research of the performing cryptocurrency investment during the January 2019-September 2021 period. This study is evaluating five cryptocurrencies within global Cryptocurencies market. Treynor and Jensen Index are utilized to measure each cryptocurrencies operation in the crypto currencies market. Moreover, the analysis of Islamic Legal maxim of blocking evils is precedenced than taking benefits in Cryptocurrency Market is applied. The Treynor and Jensen Index analysis approach is used to evaluate performance among the five cryptocurrencies, namely; Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Tether (USDT) and Cardano (ADA . The results of Treynor index indicate cryptocurrencies, namely; Tether (USDT), Ethereum (ETH), Cardano (ADA) assets carried the has a positive value means the performance of cryptocurrency is good as compare other Cryptocurrencies. However, the results of Jensen index show the four crypto assets, namely; Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT), Cardano (ADA) have a negative Jensen value, these indicates the cryptocurrencies have low returns. The finding of the result from the analysis of the of Islamic Legal maxim of preventing evils is better than attracting benefits suggest to avoid cryptocurrency investment is priority rather than taking benefit from cryptocurrency investment

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUNDS USING SHARPE, JENSEN AND TREYNOR METHODS ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

The purpose of this study is to provide information on the performance of equity mutual funds based on the Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen method. This research is a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. The population of this research is equity mutual funds in 2018-2020. The sample of this research used purposive sampling method. The analytical tool in this study is a performance measurement method based on risk adjusted return which includes the Sharpe, Jensen and Treynor methods with Microsoft excel applications. During the observation period, there were Equity Mutual Funds that consistently performed positively and outperformed. These Mutual Funds are RHB OSK Alpha Sector Rotation and SAM Indonesian Equity Fund, therefore the two Mutual Funds are Mutual Funds that are worthy of investment choice.

Analysis of the Dynamics of Marine Structures and Species with Criterial Mathematical Models

The influence of the area of artificial substrates (collectors) on the biological parameters of populations of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck) during their cultivation in the Black Sea has been investigated. For growing mollusks, four types of collectors were used, with different relative areas (ω), i.e., with different ratios of the substrate area (S) per unit length of the collector (L), which were 0.09, 0.21, 0.34, and 0.55. It was found that, during a 1.5-year cultivation, the density (N, ind./m) and biomass (B, kg/m) change and reach a certain stationary state, determined by the relative area of the substrate. It was shown that, on collectors with a higher value of ω, there was a decrease in the average length (L, mm) and weight (W, g) of the mollusk yield. The Boysen–Jensen method was used to calculate the total production of mollusks (P), elimination (E), and specific production (P/B coefficient) for each type of reservoir, and it was shown that P increased with an increase in the substrate area, while E and P/B coefficients decreased. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was concluded that during the cultivation of mussels these parameters are regulated by density-dependent population factors (intraspecific competition) for space (substrate) and food.

In Vitro Antimalarial Activity and Toxicity of Helianthus annuus L. Leaf Extract against Plasmodium falciparum

Background: Malaria is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. The morbidity rate is still quite high, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of the leaf extracts of Helianthus annuus L. against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 as well as the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Methods: The leaves of H. annuus were extracted by the maceration method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol 96% to increase polarity. The antimalarial assay was performed by using Trager and Jensen method, and the cytotoxicity test was carried out by the MTT method. Results: The results of antimalarial study showed that the chloroform extract had IC50 value of 0.002 µg/mL and CC50value of 138.03 µg/mL, 96% ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 0.02 µg/mL and CC50 value of 617.81 µg/mL, and n-hexane extract had an IC50 value of 1.29 µg/mL and CC50 value of 104.89 µg/mL. The selectivity index (SI) values of the chloroform, ethanolic, and n-hexane extracts were calculated and obtained 69,015.00, 30,890.50, and 81.31, respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, the chloroform extract of H. annuus L. leaf gave strong antimalarial activity against P. falciparum strain 3D7 without any cytotoxicity; therefore, H. annuus L. leaf can be a good candidate for the development of an antimalarial drug.

Comparison of Performance of Stock and Sharia Stock

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the performance of Islamic stocks with stocks based on the Sharpe and Jensen method for the 2010-2020 period in the Indonesian Capital Market. The research method is using a quantitative approach with the type of comparative research. The data used is secondary data from OJK. The population used in this study is the capitalization of sharia stock performance data compared to stocks, for the 2010-2020 period (monthly data) in the Indonesian Capital Market. Data analysis was carried out using the Sharpe and Jensen method and the Manova test with the help of the SPSS statistical program. The results of this study indicate that the performance of Islamic stocks with stocks has a significant difference and the performance of Islamic stocks is better than stocks based on the Sharpe and Jensen method. This shows that the return on the performance of sharia shares with shares based on the Sharpe and Jensen method that will be received will be relatively different. The implication of this research is that this research can contribute to the general public, both academics, investment players and the general public so that they better understand the performance of capital market investment instruments before they invest.

In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv

This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell.Article HighlightsAllanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro.The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line).Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.

REKSADANA SYARIAH dan KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA

<p class="western" align="justify"><em><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to test the difference between the conventional mutual fund and the sharia mutual fund on performances and risk. The development of mutual fund products is based on 2 (two) categories, conventional mutual funds, and sharia mutual funds (www.ojk.go.id). Based on data from the Data Center and Statistics of Islamic Mutual Funds, the performance of Islamic mutual funds is still underperformed compared to conventional mutual funds. Therefore, testing the performance of Islamic mutual funds by testing the performance of conventional mutual funds has not been widely tested. Secondary data was used in this study with all 1425 mutual funds from 2012-2017 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was used as the population in this study is. The purposive sampling technique determines the sample in this study. The sample used in this study was Conventional and Shariah mutual fund in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with six products each. This hypothesis test used Differential Test tools with data analysis techniques using Paired sample t-test analysis using SPSS 25. In this study, we found that there was a significant difference between the return on conventional mutual funds and Syariah mutual funds. While the risk, Sharpe method, Treynor method, and Jensen method have not significant difference between conventional mutual funds and Syariah mutual funds.</span></em></p>

Performance Comparison of Mutual Funds and Sharia Mutual Funds

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to examine the differences in the performance of Islamic mutual funds with mutual funds based on the Sharpe and Jensen method for the 2010-2020 period in the Indonesian Capital Market. Research Methodology: The study uses a quantitative approach to the type of comparative research. The data used is secondary data from OJK. The population used in this study is the capitalization of sharia mutual fund performance data with mutual funds, the period 2010-2020 (monthly data) in the Indonesian Capital Market. Data analysis was carried out using the Sharpe and Jensen method and the Manova test with the help of the SPSS statistical program. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the performance of Islamic mutual funds and mutual funds with the Sharpe and Jensen method. This shows that the return on the performance of Islamic mutual funds and mutual funds based on the Sharpe and Jensen method received will be relatively the same. Investment performance in Mutual Fund portfolio management is reflected in the net asset value (NAV). Limitations: This research has been attempted and carried out in accordance with scientific procedures. However, it still has limitations; this research is limited to 2010 – 2020 with monthly data. Contribution: This research implies that this research can better contribute to the general public, academics, and investors to understand the performance of capital market investment instruments before they invest.