Jeffamine T-403 Research Articles

Custom-shaped malleable, recyclable and reversible structural adhesives based on vanillin polyimine vitrimers

A series of polyimine vitrimers were prepared from a synthesized dialdehyde derivative of vanillin. This derivative was then crosslinked with two different ratios of amines (Jeffamine T403 and m-xylylenediamine), forming imine bonds responsible for the exchange reactions. This process resulted in three distinct materials which exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tgs) ranging from 20 to 60 °C, along with good thermal stability, and strong mechanical and thermomechanical properties.Their dynamicity resulted in a fast relaxation rate achieving a complete relaxation in less than 15 min at 140 °C. Additionally, the polyimines could be mechanically recycled up to three times without significant loss in their final properties, demonstrating the possible enhancement of their lifespan. Moreover, they could be chemically recycled under mild conditions through acid hydrolysis or transamination, which significantly contributes towards a better circular economy. Furthermore, these vitrimers were tested as reversible structural adhesives, achieving initial lap-shear strength values of 12.4 MPa and up to 97 % of efficiency after re-bonding, highlighting their huge potential for industrial applications. Due to their pre-cured state, these adhesives were malleable, which allow them to be custom-shaped into different complex shapes. Finally, these imine materials showed outstanding self-welding capabilities with the repaired versions showing comparable performance to the original.

A novel colorless flexible polymer aerogel with stable amine linkage enabled superior formaldehyde removal and multifunctional application

Massive formaldehyde emissions have seriously endangered environment and human health, while predictably polymer aerogel is a promising candidate for formaldehyde (FA) removal, whereas low FA adsorption capacity, high volume shrinkage, and mechanical brittleness restrict its further development. Herein, based on “rigid-soft combination” polycondensation strategy, trifunctional 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTC) and polyetheramine Jeffamine T403 are selected as building blocks to construct a novel amine-linked polymer aerogel (rBTA) with hierarchical micro-nano porous structure via mild sol-gel method and freeze-drying process. Stable amine linkages in rBTA are formed by NaBH4 reduction of imine bonds, improving acid/alkali resistance and chemical stability greatly, and creating numerous active amine sites for reaction with FA. Formation of robust 3D covalent network facilitates to simultaneously achieve ultra-low-shrinkage (5.4%), high specific compressive modulus (5.32 kN·m·kg-1), remarkable mechanical durability/fatigue-resistance, flexibility, and machinability. Benefiting from synergistic physical-chemical adsorption effect, FA adsorption capacity and removal ratio of rBTA reach as high as 459.84 mg·g-1 and 97.87%, respectively. Colorless rBTA is further ground into powders for preparing polyoxymethylene (POM)/rBTA composite without affecting its color and formaldehyde emission amount at 60/230°C effectively decreases by 66.87%/79.55%. Furthermore, rBTA exhibits hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high solar reflectance, being successfully applied in emulsion separation, thermal insulation, and energy-efficient buildings fields.

High‐performance self‐healing epoxy by microencapsulated epoxy‐amine chemistry I: Properties of the adopted healant system

AbstractThe adopted healant has a significant impact on the final healing performance of self‐healing materials. Herein, the healant system, bisphenol‐F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and polytheramine JEFFAMINE T403, which possesses the capability of fully healing at room temperature (RT) for epoxy, was investigated in depth. The healing potential of this healant system and its healing benchmark after microencapsulation were systematically studied using a manual injecting method. It shows that the maximum and benchmark healing efficiencies respectively reach about 210% and 170% at RT for 48 h. The robustness of the cured healant was checked by studying the mechanical properties of BFDGE/T403. It verified that the tensile properties of the healant are stable after RT curing for 48 h. The curing degree of the healant was further characterized using differential scanning calorimetry by measuring the residual exotherm. It reaches 90% when the maximum healing performance is achieved and stabilizes at 95% thereafter. The results from the manually healing test, the tensile test, and the DSC test, are consistent with each other, which validate the robustness of BFDGE/T403 as healant for self‐healing epoxies.

Development of Epoxy-Resin Based Solid Electrolytes for Multifunctional Structural Batteries

A structural battery is defined as being multifunctional; it is a load bearing system with some electrochemical energy storing capability. The electrolyte system is the key enabler for a multifunctional structural battery as it must possess sufficient ionic conductivity (~10-4S/cm) and mechanical strength (Youngs’s modulus ~ 600-900 MPa) simultaneously. Polymeric systems offer the best possible scenario for practical realization of multifunctional structural batteries due to a set of favorable properties, such as reasonable ionic conductivity, easy processability etc. In the present work, we focus on the development of a dual-phase structural battery electrolyte to optimize ionic conductivity and mechanical performance simultaneously. An epoxy resin-based system is chosen due to its high mechanical strength and its ability for in-situ polymerization that leads to a unique microstructure promoting multi-functionality. Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) accounts for the epoxy to provide hard segments in the matrix and is cured by an amine compound (Jeffamine T-403). A liquid electrolyte is added to the system for improving ionic conductivity without compromising its mechanical strength substantially. Multiple liquid components consisting of lithium salt and solvents are considered -lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LITFSI) dissolved in a solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and LiTFSI dissolved in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI). Ionic conductivity of the electrolyte systems as a function of temperature is measured utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Uniaxial load tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical properties (e.g., Young’s modulus, Yield strength) of the epoxy-based electrolyte systems with and without the addition of the ion conducting liquids. Comparative data on the epoxy-based systems containing varying amounts of liquid components will be presented.

Influence of oxazine ring content on recyclability, shape memory, and mechanical properties of bio-benzoxazine-imine hybrid resin

Polybenzoxazine-imine hybrid resins with good thermal and mechanical properties, as well as excellent shape memory and recycling properties, were prepared from bio-based benzoxazine synthesized from vanillin and a biobased diamine derived from furylamine and benzaldehyde (V-bfa), terephthalaldehyde (TA), and Jeffamine T403. The films have good thermal, mechanical, and recycling properties, influenced by the ratio of V-bfa and TA. The higher the percentage of V-bfa, the better the thermal properties, thermal stability, and shape memory properties of the films, unfortunately, the film with 100 % V-bfa content (Btt-10) exhibited brittleness and could not be fully recovered. Surprisingly, the film with half the amount of v-bfa (Btt-11) has excellent shape memory properties, unfolding over 90° in just 12 s after folding and returning to its original shape in 20 s, moreover, the rate of shape fixation (Rf) and the rate of shape recovery (Rr) is 90.56 % and 95.56 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of the film were also not damaged in any way even after three recycling cycles. Therefore, Btts film are very low carbon and environmentally friendly, complying with the requirement to reduce carbon emissions.

Leveraging Microgels Prepared from Poly(ethylene glycol) Bisepoxide and Polyetheramine for Versatile Surface Structuring of Agarose Hydrogels.

We demonstrate a macromer-type bisepoxide, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, polymerizing readily with a trifunctional polyetheramine Jeffamine T-403 in water to facilitate the development of a series of microgels abbreviated as PMG. Simply by varying the concentration of the as-prepared thermoresponsive intermediate prepolymer from 1 to 2 and 4%, hydrodynamic sizes of the resulting P1MG, P2MG, and P4MG are easily tuned in the submicrometer to micrometer range shown by the dynamic light scattering results. Besides size difference, these microgels also deform differently, where the drying-induced deformation effect is most severe for P1MG and least prominent for P4MG. Simple evaporative deposition of PMG into multilayer packing provides versatile and green options for microgel-mediated surface structuring of agarose hydrogels. Specifically, deformabile P1MG- and P2MG-derived coatings render agarose gel microwrinkle textures by buckling against swelling-induced surface instability. Conversely, stiffer P4MG microgels lead to a patchy patterned hierarchical coating on agarose, similar to the cracking effect in drying colloidal films. The straightforward microgel-on-macrogel strategy allows integration of both wrinkle and patchy patterns to generate Janus-type agarose gels, just by rationally arranging the coating sequence. Diversifying topographic features attainable through microgel-based coatings on hydrogels could potentially make the sustainable and biocompatible material of agarose a more compelling choice for bioapplications. Brief demonstrations of the broad applicability of P1MG toward wrinkling of proteinaceous and synthetic hydrogels further highlight promising prospects of the PMG microgel-on-macrogel functionalization strategy.

Cytophilic Agarose-Epoxide-Amine Cryogels Engineered with Granulated Microstructures.

Inherent cytophobicity of agarose limits its direct use for the growth of anchorage-dependent cells. Here, we report a simple strategy allowing the development of agarose-based hydrogels entailed with both cytophilicity and microstructured morphology. Through the reaction of water-soluble 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) with trifunctional polyetheramine Jeffamine T403 in agarose solution followed by cryogelation of the mixtures, a series of macroporous agarose-epoxide-amine cryogels were prepared readily. Results from fluorescent labeling and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping showed the formation of granulated microstructures in the cryogels. Such features closely correlated to the phase separation of BDDE-T403 polymers within the agarose matrix. Cytophilicity of the microstructured cryogels due to the integrated amine moieties was demonstrated through the adhesion of fibroblasts. Functional enrichment of the cryogels was further highlighted by leveraging the granulates as micro-reservoirs for polyphenol proanthocyanidin to enable antioxidation and protection of fibroblasts from H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect in vitro.

Non-Conventional Fluorescence and Cytotoxicity of Two Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polymer Dots Having Poly(amic acid) Structures: Implications for Labeling Nanodrug Carriers.

In this study, we used one-pot A2 + B3 polymerizations to synthesize two aliphatic + alicyclic polymer dots (PDs) having non-conjugated hyperbranched structures, employing two types of dianhydrides as the A2 components, possessing bridged bicyclic alkene (PD-BT) and non-alkene (PD-ET) units, and Jeffamine T403 polyetheramine (T403) as the B3 components. We prepared PD-ET from commercially available ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD, A2) and T403 (B3) and PD-BT from bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA, A2) and T403 (B3). These two types of PDs possessed non-conjugated hyperbranched poly(amic acid) structures with terminal amino functional groups. PD-BT and PD-ET exhibited non-conventional fluorescence with emissions at 435 and 438 nm, respectively, and quantum yields of 12.8 and 14.0%, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of PD-ET was influenced by the pH, but PD-BT was less affected because of its rigid aliphatic bridged bicyclic structure. In aqueous solutions, the sizes of the PD-BT and PD-ET nanoparticles were 3–5 nm, and their net charges can be adjusted by varying the pH. These PDs were non-cytotoxic toward human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells at concentrations of 50 μg mL–1 for PD-BT and 500 μg mL–1 for PD-ET. Confocal microscopic bioimaging revealed that the PDs were located within the cells after treatment for 6 h. These PDs were easy to prepare, highly water-soluble, and possessed a large number of peripheral functional groups for further modification. Combined with their non-conventional fluorescence, they appear to have potential uses in bioimaging and as drug-labeling carriers.

Nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane with Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Synthesis, shape memory and reprocessing properties

In this contribution, we reported a novel synthesis of [4,4′-bi(1,3-dioxolane)]-2,2′-dione via the reaction of meso-erythritol, a bio-mass tetrahydric alcohol with carbon dioxide. This five-membered bicyclic carbonate was used as the precursor of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU). The PHU thermosets were obtained with a trifunctional polyetheramine (Jeffamine T-403) as the curing agent. The PHU thermoset was further modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to afford the nanocomposites. To achieve the fine dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs, the Fe3O4 NPs were surface-functionalized with poly(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methyl methacrylate (PDOMA) via surface-initiated radical polymerization. Compared with plain PHU, the PHU-Fe3O4 nanocomposites displayed the improved mechanical properties. In the meantime, the nanocomposites had excellent shape memory and reprocessing properties. The shape memory properties can be triggered with laser irradiation by taking advantage of the photothermal effect of Fe3O4 NPs.

Bisepoxide-Jeffamine microgel synthesis and application toward heterogeneous surface morphology for differential neuronal/non-neuronal cell responses in vitro

Herein, a new non-vinylic type of cationic microgels (MG) was readily prepared from ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and Jeffamine T-403 in water. The MG was responsive to both temperature and pH, and oxidatively stable as demonstrated by the hydrogen peroxide study. Using glass as a model substrate, its surface was easily imparted with a heterogeneous morphology by simply adsorbing MG dispersed in basic solution. Specifically, the morphology features patches made of a monolayer of connected yet individually recognizable MG. Through in vitro cell studies, we show that a mere change of the extent of surface coverage by such a patchy morphology can strike a balance in promoting adhesion and differentiation of neuron-like PC-12 cells and primary cortical neurons of chick embryo, without soliciting proliferative response from non-neuronal cells of NIH3T3 fibroblast and CTX astrocyte. This simple yet unconventional surface morphology created by MG could be leveraged in the future as an alternative strategy for neural interface engineering.

The influence of the healing agent characteristics on the healing performance of epoxy coatings: Assessment of the repair process by EIS technique

The effects of the healing agents' molecular characteristics were studied on the self-healing performance of the epoxy coatings via corrosion evaluation techniques. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (kept constant) and different polyetheramine healing agents were encapsulated separately in poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) through the electrospray method and added to the epoxy matrix to prepare a polyurea-based dual capsule extrinsic healing system. Commercial grades of polyetheramine, Jeffamine D230, Jeffamine D400, and Jeffamine T403, were used to study the effects of molecular weight and functionality. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the formation of spherical shape with multicore morphology for the prepared polyetheramine containing microcapsules (MCs). Successful encapsulation was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the encapsulation yield was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to monitor the corrosion behaviour of a series of coated carbon steel samples through the evolution of the impedance spectra, and the numerical values of the related electrical equivalent circuit components (e.g., corrosion resistance), of the scratched coatings at different exposure times in a near-neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results revealed the adverse effect on the corrosion protection ability by increasing the healing agent's molecular weight, while an increase of its functionality improved the final healing efficiency of the coating. According to the EIS results, the maximum healing efficiency was determined to be 85%, 72%, and 90% for Jeffamine D230, Jeffamine D400, and Jeffamine T403, respectively.

Self‐healing interface of carbon fiber reinforced composites using a thermally reversible sizing agent

AbstractA thermally reversible sizing agent was prepared by directly mixing the furfurylamine‐modified epoxy resin (FAE) and the maleimide‐functionalized Jeffamine T403 (MAT), and it was used to impart self‐healing ability at interface based on the reversible Diels–Alder reaction for potential application in carbon fiber composites. The surface characteristics of FAE/MAT‐modified carbon fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic contact angle meter and tensiometer. The initial interfacial shear strength of modified carbon fiber composites and the multiple healings of the interface were investigated via a microbond test. The results demonstrated that the healing efficiency of the continuous and uniform FAE–MAT sizing layer functionalized carbon fiber composites was up to 93.8% for the first healing cycle. Furthermore, it is expected that the interface self‐healing of carbon fiber reinforced composites can be achieved from research laboratory to industrial applications by this strategy.

Polypropylene foams under CO2 batch conditions: From formulation and rheological modeling to cell-growth simulation

The objective of this work was to study the development of polypropylene (PP) foams with low density (<100 kg m−3) using a CO2 batch process. To carry out this study, we used a PP-g-MA that was chemically modified by reactive extrusion to obtain polymer branched structures. Two reagent systems were selected on the basis of chemical reactions with maleic anhydride—the first one is based on the reaction between maleic anhydride and primary amines (MA/NH2, triamine, Jeffamine T-403), and the second one is based on ionic interactions from Zn neutralization. Both of these systems have shown that it is possible to obtain branched PP structures favorable to CO2 foaming and were compared to a commercial, high-melt-strength PP.We have shown that the branched structure of polymer chains can be defined on the basis of a rheological criterion. It defines the notion of fractal behavior (coupling of relaxation modes), which polymer chains must have for nonlinear behavior (strain hardening). This criterion has been defined by analogy with the sol-gel transition, tan δ = 1.Finally, in terms of modeling and simulation, the plasticizing effect of CO2 was modeled from the experimental rheological behavior of the PP plasticized with synthetic oil. A theoretical power law was derived and was then introduced in the mass balance equations to predict the cell growth during depressurization.

Versatility of the microencapsulation technique via integrating microfluidic T-Junction and interfacial polymerization in encapsulating different polyamines

Attributed to the wide applications of organic polyamines, the microencapsulation of polyamines with different physicochemical properties is promising for their new applications in other fields, such as self-reporting materials, self-healing materials, stimuli-responsive latent curing agents, etc. Herein, the versatility of the novel microencapsulation technique via integrating microfluidic T-junction and interfacial polymerization was demonstrated by encapsulating three typical polyamines with distinct physicochemical properties, i.e. tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), meta-xylylenediamine (XDA), and polyetheramine JEFFAMINE T403. The microencapsulation processes for the three polyamines and the synthesized corresponding microcapsules were carefully studied in depth, and were correlated to the physicochemical properties of the polyamines. It shows that all the three polyamines can be successfully encapsulated by this technique, and the properties of the achieved microcapsules were highly influenced by their physicochemical properties. Polyamine mixtures consisting of TEPA/XDA and TEPA/T403 at different mass ratios were also encapsulated to tailor the properties of the microcapsules, showing that the polyamine with smaller molecule size contributes more to the shell formation. The results of this investigation provide theoretical guidance for the microencapsulation of other polyamines using this technique based on non-equilibrium droplets.

One-pot synthesis, characterization and polymerization of hyperbranched benzoxazine resins derived from A2+ B3 monomers

Herein, we have designed and synthesized two series of novel hyperbranched benzoxazines (HBs), namely HB-TA6, HB-TA12, HB-TAF6 and HB-TAF12, derived from Jeffamine T-403, bisphenol-A/bisphenol-AF, and p-formaldehyde via the simple one-step Mannich condensation reaction. Their feature structures (ArCH2N and OCH2N) were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton, and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) analyses. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) and weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of HBs were in the range of 4700–6000 and 9700–11700 Da, respectively, which showed good solubility in common organic solvents at room temperature. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to investigate the polymerization behavior and curing kinetics of these new HBs, and the obtained results indicated that all the HBs performed the lower temperature of exothermic peaks and activation energy values compared with the conventional phenol-aniline based benzoxazine (P-a). The thermal properties of cured polymers were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showing the char yield (Yc) and glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of 18.6–30.5% and 157–164 °C, respectively.

Phenalkamine curing agents for epoxy resin: characterization and structure property relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to synthesize structurally different phenalkamines based on cardanol, a renewable material obtained from cashew nut shell liquid, and to evaluate their effect on performance properties of the coatings.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the Mannich reaction between cardanol, formaldehyde and various diamines such as diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), hexamethylene diamine, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403 were carried out to produce novel phenalkamines. Resultant phenalkamines were used as curing agents for commercial DGEBPA epoxy resin and were evaluated for performance properties.FindingsThe mechanical, optical, chemical, thermal and anticorrosive properties were evaluated and compared with those of commercial phenalkamine AG141. It was observed that anticorrosive properties evaluated using a salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed significant improvement in anticorrosive performance of coatings cured with synthesized phenalkamines based on DDM and T403 as compared to the coatings based on commercial phenalkamine AG141.Research limitations/implicationsTo obtain optimum performance properties of the coatings, a combination of phenalkamines can be used.Practical implicationsCuring time and gel times of all the phenalkamines can be further studied under wet and humid conditions. In addition, the variation in coating properties under humid conditions can be investigated.Originality/valueIn this study, newer phenalkamines were synthesized and used as curing agents for epoxy coatings. So far, there have been no reports indicating the synthesis and application of phenalkamines based on polyetheramines, namely, Jeffamine D400 and Jeffamine T403, in coating applications.

Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resins from fast pyrolysis bio-oil

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil was used to replace phenol up to 50 wt% to synthesize bionovolac resin. A glycidylation reaction was employed for epoxidizing novolac, bionovolac, fast pyrolysis bio-oil and α-resorcylic acid. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to observe available compounds in the bio-oil, whereas Fourier transform infrared and phosphorus-31 (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used for the characterization of the resulting resins. Epoxy resins were cross-linked by polyaddition reaction with the polyetheramine hardener Jeffamine T-403 at elevated temperatures. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of cured thermosets were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The glass transition temperatures and moduli of novolac-based cross-linked systems were found to be superior to those of epoxy resins without novolacs. Additionally, Soxhlet extraction and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize solvent resistance and morphology, respectively. The incorporation of α-resorcylic acid-based epoxy enhanced the properties of cured polymers. The preparation of bio-based epoxy–novolac thermoset networks resulted in reduced consumption of petroleum-based chemicals.

High performance polyurea coatings based on cardanol

Present research work deals with synthesis of phenalkamines and their use as curing agents for blocked polyisocyanates to yield high performance polyurea coatings. In this work, several phenalkamines were synthesized by conventional Mannich reaction; selecting various structural amines such as hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), isophorone diamine (IPDA), diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), Jeffamine D-400 and Jeffamine T-403. Structures of these phenalkamines were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and evaluation of amine value. These curing agents were mixed with HDI and IPDI based blocked polyisocyanates to obtain polyurea coatings which were subsequently characterized for mechanical, chemical, optical, thermal and anticorrosive properties. In addition, structure property relationship of all the systems was studied and compared with commercial phenalkamine (AG-141). Anticorrosive properties evaluated by salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed significant improvement in anticorrosive performance when compared with commercial phenalkamine. All polyurea coatings exhibited excellent performance properties irrespective of the isocyanates used.

Development of epoxy-urethane hybrid coatings via non-isocyanate route

Non-isocyanate route of urethane synthesis based on reaction of cyclic carbonated compound with amines is well known. Taking inspiration from this, we have synthesized a monomer containing urethane linkage through the reaction of propylene carbonate with ethylene diamine. This monomer was further reacted with commercial epoxy polymer to obtain hybrid epoxy-urethane adduct. Synthesized adduct was then cured with various structural amines such as isophorone diamine (IPDA), Jeffamine T-403 and diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). The resultant epoxy-urethane hybrid coatings were characterized for mechanical, chemical, thermal and anticorrosive properties. The hybrid coatings exhibited at par mechanical, chemical and corrosion resistance as compared to that of commercial epoxy coatings. DSC and TGA analysis revealed that glass transition temperature, thermal stability and char yield of hybrid coatings was higher than that of commercial epoxy coatings.

The influence of polyoxypropylenetriamine on the properties of epoxy–thiokol mixtures

The influence of Jeffamine T-403 polyoxypropylenetriamine on the physico-mechanical, adhesion, and relaxation properties of polymeric compositions based on the products of preliminary thioesterification reaction of epoxy resin with liquid thiokol was studied. It was shown that the introduction of polyoxypropylenetriamine leads to a significant increase of the adhesive and cohesive strength, the elongation at break, and the work of destruction of the material.