Experience Of Jealousy Research Articles

Transformation of jealousy in romantic relationships and its catalysts in digital age

The article studies the process of jealousy transformation in romantic relationships under the influence of digitalization. The author considers such definitions as “digital jealousy”, “digital infidelity”, and “virtual sex”, formulates a definition of digital jealousy, and considers emotional and behavioral reactions when experiencing jealousy under the influence of events and factors of the digital environment. Based on the content analysis results, behavioral markers that can be considered by a partner as evidence of digital infidelity and/or cause digital jealousy have been identified. The specific characteristics of digital jealousy include its existence in conditions of quasi-reality, diffusiveness, deployment in time and space, alienation from the fact of physical infidelity, and virtual representation. The author notes the connection between the intensity of the digital jealousy experience and the subjective significance of virtual space and representation in it. Ambivalence of the digital jealousy experience is expressed by the perception of its occurrence, on the one hand, as a predictor of physical infidelity, and, on the other hand, as a manifestation of crisis in romantic relationships and emotional estrangement of partners. It has been revealed that jealousy in digital space is largely due to a sense of ownership in relation to the time and attention of a partner and is associated with general transformation of romantic relationships in modern society.

Correction of Paulina Banaszkiewicz (2022). Biological sex and psychological gender differences in the experience and expression of romantic jealousy

Correction of Paulina Banaszkiewicz (2022). Biological sex and psychological gender differences in the experience and expression of romantic jealousy

Jealousy in Early Modern England

Abstract: Emerging from the growing subfield of emotion history, this essay anatomizes the discourse of jealousy in early modern England. Through lexical analysis of a wide range of sources, the essay outlines how the passion of jealousy was understood in Renaissance England, treating four broad categories: (1) definitions of jealousy; (2) contexts of jealousy; (3) the experience of jealousy; and (4) sufferers of jealousy. Taken together, the analysis here presents one of the most complete accounts of early modern jealousy to date and points to the emotion's considerable importance in the period.

The Relationship between Jealousy and Mate Retention Strategies in Romantic Relationships among Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Jealousy and mate retention have received attention in research over the last few decades. Despite this, most of the research has examined male jealousy and male mate retention, emphasizing cost-inflicting behavior due to its role in relationships and domestic violence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between jealousy and all mate retention strategies in romantic relationships among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 772 Croatian women aged 19 to 40 who were in a heterosexual relationship at the time. This study was conducted online, and the participants completed the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale and Mate Retention Inventory. The results showed that cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy were positively correlated with all mate retention strategies, which indicates that a stronger experience of jealousy can be expected to result in more frequent use of all partner retention strategies. We also found that all three dimensions of jealousy and relationship length positively predicted both cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning mate retention behavior, whereas age was a negative predictor of benefit-provisioning behavior only. The findings of this study suggest that, although jealousy can substantially explain interpersonally risky and damaging behavior in relationships, it can also explain affectionate and attentive behavior, to some extent.

An examination of specialness meaning framework threat in reactive and retroactive romantic jealousy experiences

AbstractExtant jealousy models explain cases of reactive jealousy, which occurs in response to a partner's unambiguous romantic or sexual involvement with a rival from the present. However, they likely cannot explain cases of retroactive romantic jealousy, which is evoked in response to information about a partner's previous romantic or sexual experiences that occurred before the primary relationship began. Some prior theoretical speculation and research suggest that a sense of specialness may be threatened in jealousy‐evoking situations involving either a partner's current or past romantic activities. The idea that jealousy stems from a threat to expectations of specialness is consistent with a broader model of threat, the meaning maintenance model (MMM). The main purpose of this study was to experimentally test MMM predictions in the context of both reactive and retroactive jealousy alongside of predictions derived from extant jealousy models. The study examined the role of attachment as well. Results indicate expectations of specialness were threatened in experiences of both types of jealousy, and a threat to specialness was the only type of threat perceived for retroactive jealousy. The results also help clarify previous findings regarding attachment and romantic jealousy.

The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives.

Love is a powerful emotional experience that is rooted in ancient neurobiological processes shared with other species that pair bond. Considerable insights have been gained into the neural mechanisms driving the evolutionary antecedents of love by studies in animal models of pair bonding, particularly in monogamous species such as prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Here, we provide an overview of the roles of oxytocin, dopamine, and vasopressin in regulating neural circuits responsible for generating bonds in animals and humans alike. We begin with the evolutionary origins of bonding in mother-infant relationships and then examine the neurobiological underpinnings of each stage of bonding. Oxytocin and dopamine interact to link the neural representation of partner stimuli with the social reward of courtship and mating to create a nurturing bond between individuals. Vasopressin facilitates mate-guarding behaviors, potentially related to the human experience of jealousy. We further discuss the psychological and physiological stress following partner separation and their adaptive function, as well as evidence of the positive health outcomes associated with being pair-bonded based on both animal and human studies.

The Impact of Romantic Attachment Styles on Jealousy in Young Adults.

Romantic attachment is reflected in various aspects of dyadic interaction in a couple, since it is a self-reinforcing system of cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns. Romantic jealousy was shown to be associated with dimensions of attachment insecurity in various studies worldwide. To identify differences in expressions of romantic jealousy based on romantic attachment style. To determine the influence of attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy. The sample comprised 171 heterosexual individuals. The "Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised" questionnaire (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000; adapted for Russian by Chursina, 2022) and "Multidimensional Jealousy Scale" (MJS; Pfeiffer, & Wong, 1989) were used. A number of significant differences were identified between insecure and secure attachment styles. Avoidant attachment is characterized by cognitive jealousy, ambivalent attachment is characterized by cognitive and behavioral jealousy, while dismissing attachment showed no significant differences in the manifestations of jealousy in comparison with secure attachment style. Emotional jealousy is equally characteristic of all types. The primacy of romantic attachment in relation to cognitive and behavioral jealousy was also proved. The experience of jealousy differs among romantic attachment styles. Attachment-related anxiety is a predictor of intrusive thoughts and behavioral manifestations of jealousy, while attachment-related avoidance is less, the greater the manifestation of jealousy behaviors.

Testing the associations between dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at and romantic jealousy in couples: An APIM analysis.

How people deal with ridicule and being laughed at plays a role in romantic life. We extend the research on the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia), joy in being laughed at (gelotophilia), and joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism) by testing their associations with romantic jealousy and its consequences for relationship satisfaction (RS). Our study is based on Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses of self and partner ratings of the laughter-related dispositions using data from 228 opposite-sex couples. APIM mediation analyses estimated indirect effects of jealousy on the associations between the dispositions and RS. As expected, gelotophobia-related positively to jealousy in actors, whereas gelotophilia and katagelasticism showed differential relationships. The analysis of partner effects showed that the actual expressions in the dispositions are unrelated to jealousy but perceived expressions account robustly for experiences of jealousy beyond self-ratings. Finally, jealousy had indirect effects on the associations between the dispositions and RS. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of dealing with ridicule and laughter in romantic life. We embed the findings into the literature, discuss practical implications, and derive future directions to expand the knowledge on gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism in romantic life.

Experiencing Jealousy in Close Relationships and Psychological Well-Being of Adult Men and Women

The article examines the phenomenon of jealousy in close (romantic) relationships of adults. The article presents the results of a study on the experience of jealousy of adult men and women in close relationships. Based on qualitative research (interviews) and quantitative data processing, the author analyzes the strength of jealousy in relationships between men and women. The negative connections of the power of jealousy with the components of psychological and subjective well-being are described. The article provides data on the specific characteristics of romantic attachment inherent in adults with a high power of jealousy in relationships: frustration, ambivalence, a tendency to “grow together” with a partner. It is described that the strength of partners' jealousy is negatively related to their satisfaction with the relationship. Sex differences in reactions to jealousy, an increase in the strength of emotional reactions to jealousy with an increase in the duration of the relationship are analyzed.

Envy and Jealousy of Living-Apart-Together Relationships in Continuing Care Retirement Communities

Moving to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and living apart together (LAT) as a repartnering form, represent new late-life beginnings. A larger qualitative study on LAT relationships constructed in the CCRC identified envy and jealousy yet they were not examined in-depth. Envy is wanting something we lack whereas jealousy is fear of losing something that is ours to another. These emotions are rarely explored in the context of older adults’ relationships. Our aim is to examine experiences of envy and jealousy from perspectives of residents aged 79 to 96 and staff, heuristically using Goffman’s framework on (semi)-totalitarian institutions. 30 semi structured qualitative interviews were conducted in three CCRCs in Israel with 10 LAT residents, 10 residents not LAT, and 10 CCRC staff members including social workers. Analysis was conducted based on principles of thematic analysis and triangulation. Findings refer to kinds of envy, ignoring envy, and the development and consequences of jealousy and/or envy related to LAT in the CCRC. Conclusions address how semi-totalitarian CCRC features influence envy and jealousy experiences including implications for assisting social workers, older adults and their family members to adjust to life in the CCRC and assist CCRC management and staff to address possible consequences of envy and jealousy.

Envy and Jealousy of Living apart Together Relationships in Continuing Care Retirement Communities: Perspectives of Staff and Residents

Abstract Moving to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and living apart together (LAT) as a repartnering form represent new late-life beginnings. A large study on LAT relationships constructed in CCRCs identified envy and jealousy, yet they were not examined in-depth. Envy is wanting something we lack, whereas jealousy is fear of losing something that is ours to another. These emotions are rarely explored in the context of older adults’ relationships. Using Goffman’s framework of (semi)-totalitarian institutions, our aim is to heuristically examine experiences of envy and jealousy from the perspective of residents and staff. In total, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted in three CCRCs in Israel with ten LAT residents, ten non-LAT residents and ten CCRC staff members, including social workers. Findings refer to kinds of envy, ignoring envy and the development and consequences of LAT-related jealousy and/or envy in CCRCs. The discussion and conclusions address how semi-totalitarian CCRC features influence envy and jealousy experiences. They include implications for social work practice with older adults and their family members regarding adjustment to life in the CCRC and may assist CCRC management and social workers in addressing possible consequences of envy and jealousy.

Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) — targets in working with jealousy problems

The article considers the main targets for jealousy based individual maladaptation and couple stress psychotherapy. The main relationship system development features and early attachment types responsible for later intensive jealousy experiences are defined. The cognitive processing and biases assessment targets are recommended alternative cognitive strategies are proposed. The article presents main techniques and exercises of the metacognitive CBT model.

THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF IDEOLOGEME JUSTICE IN "GREY-ZONE" MORAL EMOTIONS OF A RAISING VICTORIAN IDEOLOGY

The study investigates into the impetus of grey-zone moral emotions underlying the sustenance of intragroup power relations in the times of ideological transitions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries refracted in the fiction discourse of the pre-Victorian era. The article is based on the assumption that the lingual representation of emotional experiences defines the emotional conceptual structure of the people and establishes social rules for emotion display patterns. A qualitative content analysis of the pre-Victorian novel corpus has substantiated the working hypothesis about the transitory mechanisms of ideological shifts facilitated by the dominant emotional repertoire across the social groups of the time. The paper claims the centrality of justice concerns in the ideological potency of the emotional experience of envy, jealousy, resentment, and ressentiment. An in-depth co-occurrence analysis of lingual representation of justice-seeking emotional reactions testifies to re-establishment of religious ideologeme JUSTICE displayed in a whole-scale procurement of resignation and inhibition compatible with placating vice-related experiences. The study argues that the restoration of the ideologeme under conditions of fixed social stratification is aimed at the exploitation of the emotional kindling of waning religious ideology for the accedence of a newly rising secular Victorian ideology. The analysis of the interconnectedness of lingual representation of grey-zone moral emotional reactions has underpinned the conjecture about their correlation to the system of religious ethics in determining an explicit display of strong feelings of injustice as outward enmity, impiety, and apostasy.

The obsessions of the green-eyed monster: jealousy and the female brain

The present brain-imaging study assessed neural correlates of romantic jealousy in women who had suffered real infidelity by their partner. We predicted to find activation across different brain structures associated with the processing of negative emotions and cognitive processes as well as obsessive-compulsive behavior. FMRI scans were administered while participants listened to descriptions of their own or another person’s experience of infidelity and jealousy, or to nonsense words. In the self-experienced (vs. other-experienced) jealousy condition, activity was greater in areas commonly associated with the interaction between different negative emotions (i.e., insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex) such as fear, anger, sadness and cognitive processes like rumination. Enhanced activity was also found in the fronto-striato-thalamo-frontal circuit, a network implicated in habit formation and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Activation in the above networks was not enhanced when participants listened to other-experienced infidelity reports, as indicated by comparisons with the neutral condition. We discuss implications for the understanding and treatment of jealousy.

Romantic Jealousy: A Test of Social Cognitive and Evolutionary Models in A Population-Representative Sample of Adults

Whereas sexually dimorphic evolutionary models argue for clear sex differences in responses to jealousy-evoking scenarios, social cognitive models emphasize the importance of other factors. This paper explores variables associated with responses to a commonly-used jealousy-evoking scenario in a population-representative sample. Data from 8,386 Australian men and women aged 16–69 were weighted to match the population. The results provided some support for evolutionary models among heterosexual respondents, but findings contrary to evolutionary models were found among non-heterosexual respondents. Support for social cognitive models was provided by the identification of six variables that had significant independent multivariate associations with jealousy: sex, age, education, lifetime number of partners, relationship status, and attitudes toward infidelity. The results suggest that although men and women may tend to respond differently to sexual or emotional infidelity scenarios, the anticipated experience of jealousy in each context is strongly influenced by biographical and cultural factors.

Cross-Sex Best Friendships and the Experience and Expression of Jealousy within Romantic Relationships

AbstractThis study investigated cross-sex best friendships in the experience and expression of jealousy within romantic relationships. Survey data (N = 346) revealed engaged-to-be-married individuals, compared to single, dating and married individuals, have the most negative attitudes regarding cross-sex best friendships. Results further indicated preventive jealousy experience is a predictor of rival-focused jealousy expression, and reactive jealousy experience is a predictor of both constructive and destructive jealousy expressions. Findings also suggest attitudes toward cross-sex best friendships can mediate the relationship between how jealousy is experienced and expressed in relation to reactive jealousy experience and destructive jealousy expression. Implications are discussed regarding how cross-sex best friendships can adversely affect romantic relationships.

680 Jealousy in heterosexual and homosexual individuals

Some of the previous studies have shown gender differences in the perception of jealousy; men generally demonstrate higher response to sexual infidelity (SI), whereas women to emotional infidelity (EI). Studies on jealousy between homosexual partners showed, that gay men tend to be more sensitive to EI, whereas lesbians expressed more concerns regarding SI. These studies suggest that the type of jealousy might depend on the sex of respondent's partner and on the sexual orientation. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of jealousy in heterosexuals and homosexuals using an online survey, and to examine whether sexual/emotional jealousy differs depending on a respondent's partner's sex. The study involved 286 participants, 137 men (mean age 27.8, SD = 5.88) and 149 women (mean age 25.07, SD = 5.32), who were in a relationship. All respondents completed a set of anonymous questionnaires about partner's jealousy (PJ) (Anticipated Sexual Jealousy Scale; Scale for Three Types of jealousy). To compare the differences in the type and extent of PJ between heterosexuals and homosexuals we performed one-way ANOVA and Fisher test.

Attachment and Jealousy: Understanding the Dynamic Experience of Jealousy Using the Response Escalation Paradigm.

Jealousy is a complex, dynamic experience that unfolds over time in relationship-threatening situations. Prior research has used retrospective reports that cannot disentangle initial levels and change in jealousy in response to escalating threat. In three studies, we examined responses to the Response Escalation Paradigm (REP)-a 5-stage hypothetical scenario in which individuals are exposed to increasing levels of relationship threat-as a function of attachment orientations. Highly anxious individuals exhibited hypervigilant, slow escalation response patterns, interfered earlier in the REP, felt more jealousy, sadness, and worry when they interfered, and wanted to engage in more vigilant, destructive, and passive behaviors aimed at their partner. Highly avoidant individuals felt more anger when they interfered in the REP and wanted to engage in more partner-focused, destructive behaviors. The REP offers a dynamic method for inducing and examining jealousy and introduces a novel approach to studying other emotional experiences.

Romantic Jealousy in Face-To-Face and Technologically-Mediated Interactions: A Communicative Interdependence Perspective

This study applies elements of the communicative interdependence perspective to understand how jealousy messages via face-to-face (FtF) and/or technologically-mediated communication (TMC) mode segmentation/combination relate to romantic jealousy experience, expression, relationship satisfaction, and investment. Individuals (N = 604) either segmented the FtF mode or combined FtF and TMC modes to express jealousy. Further, they experienced more jealousy, and tended to express it via constructive and avoidant communication, when combining FtF and TMC modes. Jealous individuals who segmented only to TMC mode(s) had lower relationship satisfaction and investment, and those who segmented only to the FtF mode were more invested.

Green-Eyed (Step)Monsters: Parental Figures’ Perceptions of Jealousy in the Stepfamily

ABSTRACTStepfamilies are complex structures made up of multiple relationships and family subsystems. Although this relational complexity is ripe for the development of jealousy, previous research has focused primarily on romantic relationships. This study explores parental figures’ perceptions of jealousy in stepfamily relationships. Twenty-one in-depth interviews revealed four key themes: strategic framing of jealousy experiences, increased levels of uncertainty and fear, anger and wishes of ill-will toward ex-relationship partners, and the central role that children play in jealousy-related family conflicts. Coping strategies reported by participants revealed a dialectical tension between confrontation and avoidance. Implications for addressing jealousy in the stepfamily are discussed.