JCPDS Card Research Articles

High-Performance Supercapacitor Stability and Capacitance Enhancements Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Cr2O3-ZnO Nanocomposites

An extensive examination of composite electrode materials is essential for advancing supercapacitors with elevated specific capacitance and outstanding stability. This study introduces a straightforward and effective technique that utilizes ultrasonic-assisted chemical precipitation to create a nanocomposite of Cr2O3 NPs bonded to ZnO nanosheets (Cr2O3-ZnO NCs). XRD spectra indicate that Cr2O3 is consistent with JCPDS card No. 38-1479, whilst ZnO nanosheets are in agreement with JCPDS card No. 36-1451. HR-TEM analysis reveals that the Cr2O3 NPs in the Cr2O3-ZnO NCs have diameters ranging between 14.5–16.7 nm. The CV profiles within 10–200 mV/s scan rates exhibit well-defined redox pair reactions with no distortion in the integrated area. According to the studies of Trasatti and Dunn’s, 90.94% of the charge distribution is caused by capacitance, whereas 9.05% is a result of diffusion. The GCD plots demonstrate that Cr2O3-ZnO NCs exhibit a 926.6 F/g (specific capacitance) when subjected to a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, these NCs retain 83.3% of their initial capacitance even after undergoing 2000 charge and discharge cycles. The improved achievement is ascribed to the existence of Cr2O3 NPs which boost conductivity, promote pseudocapacitive processes, and hinder the aggregation of ZnO nanosheets by serving as spacers. The features of Cr2O3-ZnO NCs make them highly promising for use in supercapacitor applications.

Investigating the multiferroic properties within triphasic systems to comprehend the mechanisms of water splitting

In the present study, a triphasic-based system was prepared using constituents such as Lanthanum Calcium Manganite (LCM), Cobalt Ferrite (CF), and Barium Titanate (BT) in different proportions. The composition (1-x)LCM: x(0.7CF-0.3BT), where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 1, was employed to produce the triphasic system-based materials using a solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the development of the triphasic phase in the composites through the JCPDS card number of the major peaks. The average crystallite size calculated from XRD data was found to vary with increasing 0.7CF-0.3BT concentration in LCM. FTIR spectroscopy indicates alterations in the main peaks with an increase in content of 0.7CF-0.3BT, suggesting the formation of triphasic composites. The upward trend in dielectric permittivity suggests the successful occurrence of Maxwell-Wagner polarization, indicating relaxor behavior at lower frequency values. Impedance spectroscopy reveals dielectric relaxation and the contribution of charge carriers in triphasic composites, along with the impact of grain and grain boundaries. Magnetization analysis at room temperature approves an increase in saturation magnetization in composites i.e., 0.7LCM-0.3(0.7CF-0.3BT) triphasic material exhibiting a maximum saturation magnetization of 13.04 emu/g. Magnetoelectric behaviour is observed in triphasic materials at different AC magnetic fields. The 0.9LCM-0.1(0.7CF-0.3BT) triphasic hydroelectric cell achieved a peak current of 1.29 mA and showed enhanced stability over time. Its I-V characteristics revealed a short-circuit current of 3.5 mA, an open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V, and an off-load power output of 2.97 mW. The triphasic system demonstrates improved structural, electrical, and hydroelectric cell (HEC) performance offering promising prospects for use in magnetoelectric and hydroelectric devices.

Enhanced red luminescence from GdAl3(BO3)4: Pr3+ phosphors under NUV excitation.

The GdAl3(BO3)4:xPr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 5.0 mol%) phosphors were prepared through solid state reaction route and characterized for various lighting applications. Powder X-ray diffraction investigations revel rhombohedral structure matched to JCPDS card no. 83-1907. The morphological studies confirm the agglomeration of particles with different size and shape. The emission spectra show various emission transitions originating from Pr3+:(3P1,0, 1D2) emission states to their lower lying energy states upon 274 nm NUV excitation with a red shift for x > 0.5 mol%. The colour perception analysis results an intense red luminescence due to efficient energy transfer from Gd3+ to Pr3+ ions. The temperature-dependent luminescence investigations show good thermal stability even beyond 150°C with an activation energy of 0.24 eV. The observed experimental results show the potentiality of GdAl3(BO3)4:0.5 Pr3+ phosphor for red emitting devices and red component in phosphor converted white LEDs.

Design and construction of bio carbon derived Bi2Fe4O9 nanocomposites sensor for clad modified optical fiber sensors for detection of ethanol gas

Bio carbon (BC) derived Bi2Fe4O9 hybrid sensor was fabricated via sonochemical approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption were used to determine the structural, morphological and porosity characteristics, respectively. The materials' gas-sensing properties were evaluated using a clad-modified optical fiber sensor. The orthorhombic structure with Pbam space group of Bi2Fe4O9 confirmed by the relative diffraction pattern. All sharp intense diffracted patterns might be indexed based on the standard value ((JCPDS card No. 74-1098). Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate those granular sheets with aggregated spherical shaped morphology of BC and Bi2Fe4O9, respectively. The pristine Bi2Fe4O9 exhibits Raman modes at 378 cm−1 and 617 cm−1, which is ascribed to the orthorhombic structure. The orthorhombic structure was already confirmed from XRD results. BFOG5 sample shows high SSA (107.5 m2/g) and pore size (38.4 nm), which is nearly 2.2 times greater than that of pristine Bi2Fe4O9 (54.3 m2/g and 23.4 nm). Fiber optic sensor was fabricated and tested for ethanol gas with various gas concentrations (0–500 ppm). The sensitivity (defined as slope of fitted line) enhanced from 14.69 (count/%) for bare Bi2Fe4O9 to 33.94 (count/%) for Bi2Fe4O9/BC (BFOG5). The response and recovery time was 25 s and 20 s for Bi2Fe4O9/BC (BFOG5) sensor, which is higher than that of bare Bi2Fe4O9 (42 s and 33 s). Our findings pave the way for a unique hybrid Bi2Fe4O9/BC composite to be used in a highly sensitive C2H5OH gas sensor system at RT.

Investigation on structural and morphological properties of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films

Abstract The present study reports on the effect of substrate temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of MoO3 thin films. MoO3 thin films were deposited on pre-heated glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The substrate temperature was varied from 300 °C to 400°C with a step interval of 50 °C. Structural studies were studied using X-ray diffraction technique. It is observed that all the diffraction peaks exactly match with JCPDS card No. 05-0508. The as –deposited MoO3 thin films exhibits orthorhombic crystal structure. It is found that the crystalline nature increases with the increases of substrate temperature. FESEM micrographs show that the grains are distributed uniformly over the surface without any void. An optical property reveals that the transmission of MoO3 thin film in the visible region increases with increases of deposition temperature.

Characterization of biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles by Aspergillus carbonarius and evaluation of their activity in reducing the pathogenic stress of tomatoes infected with Fusarium oxysporum

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the fungus Aspergillus carbonarius in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from copper chloride solution, with the characterization of these nanoparticles and the demonstration of their effectiveness in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum causing tomato root rot disease. The results indicated that the treatment of copper chloride solution at 150 mM with A. carbonarius filtrate led to the production of CuNPs which characterized by a color change from blue to green, with the highest absorbance observed at 300 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the crystalline structure with peaks at angles 28.47286, 47.43258, and 56.20644 ◦ corresponding to (111), (220), and (311) planes, respectively, matching the JCPDS card number 01-081-1841. Scanning electron microscopy images showed cubic, pyramidal, and prismatic shapes with dimensions ranging from 15 - 84.291 nm. In laboratory experiment, CuNPs inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungus, with an inhibition zone of 1.6 cm, compared to copper chloride which recorded 0.9 cm. In the field, , the treatment of CuNPs led to an increase in the stress resistance indicators, reaching the highest values for CuNPs when combined with the fungicide Medazim in the American tomato cultivar. The concentrations of total phenols and glutathione in this treatment were 2.56 mg/g and 0.322 µg/g, respectively. The lowest concentration of proline was recorded as 4.31 µg/g in the treatment involving CuNPs against the fungal infection. CuNPs with the fungicide medazim, significantly outperformed other treatments, registering lowest disease severity at 12.22% in the American cultivar, compared to the highest disease severity was recorded in the treatment with the pathogenic fungus alone, reaching 91.16% in the Dutch cultivar. CuNPs significantly increased tomato fruit weight, both in healthy and infected plants. The American, Turkish, and Dutch tomato cultivars infected with the pathogenic fungus and treated with under + medazim showed higher productivity, reaching 6432.55, 6334.34, and 6305.73 g.plant-1, compared to the lowest productivity in the treatment of these cultivars with the pathogenic fungus, reaching 1008.34, 977.45, and 833.78 g.plant-1, respectively

Impact of iron oxide alginate berbamine nanocomposites on the pre-metastatic microenvironment of human bladder cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization

The main objective of the current study was to synthesize, characterize, and application of an anticancer agent based on iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized in the presence of berbamine and alginate to modulate the pre-metastatic ecological niche of human bladder cancer cells by inducing ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization. The environmentally friendly synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using SEM and TEM imaging, VSM, XRD, DLS, Zeta sizing, photoluminescence, EDX, and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. The findings indicated that the nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nm, displayed consistent spherical morphology, and were evenly monodispersed in size. We observed that the hydrodynamic size of the synthesized NPs was around 247.8 nm and the zeta potential was −32.1 mV. EDX analysis showed that the fabricated NPs composed of Iron (70.9 % of Mass) and O (29.1 % of Mass). The XRD analysis showed that the pattern of the NPs is matched with JCPDS card number 82–1533. The VSM analysis revealed that the NPs displayed superparamagnetic properties when exposed to a magnetic field. Results from the anticancer investigations demonstrated that the NPs caused a dose and time-dependent lethal impact on T24 cells, while showing no significant toxicity on SV-HUC-1 cells, highlighting their biocompatibility. The anticancer mechanism was evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide, DCFH-DA, JC-1 staining, and wound-healing/scratch assay. The results demonstrated that the cells underwent apoptosis instead of necrosis, attributed to ROS-triggered mitochondrial depolarization. Additionally, the nanoparticles inhibited the cells' migratory capabilities. These results suggest that the environmentally friendly produced iron nanoparticles have promising potential as a strong anticancer treatment.

How to construct the most stable structure of (110) surface from rutile TiO2 bulk?

XRD pattern of rutile TiO2 bulk and surface energy of possible terminated (110) planes were investigated using the DFT+U method. The (110) surface was demonstrated to be the most popular facet of rutile TiO2, which is in good agreement with data of the JCPDS card No. 21-1276. The difference in surface energy among possible terminated (110) planes is attributed to structure of top and bottom atomic layers. We have found that the P5 plane is the most stable. It represents structure of (110) surface. Rutile TiO2 (110) surface has calculated surface energy of 0.98 J/m2. The value compares well with previous publications. Besides, DFT calculations were also performed. In comparison with DFT+U, surface energy obtained from DFT calculation for (110) surface is very small, about 0.48 J/m2.

Synthesis of BaO/NiO/rGO nanocomposite for supercapacitor application

Abstract Considering the global energy crisis, alternative energy resources requirement is rising gradually. In light of dwindling energy resources, we turn to renewable alternatives. Storing this energy for future utilization remains a pressing endeavor. The ideal storage device should possess intensified energy density, power density, and cyclic stability. In this study, we have synthesized metal oxide with carbon based material nanocomposite such as BaO/NiO, BaO/NiO/rGO through cost effective co-precipitation method and their comparative performance for supercapacitor application were studied. Various characterizations were taken for the above synthesized material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the material formation and their crystallinity of the nanocomposite. BaO has tetragonal structure which was confirmed through JCPDS card number 26-0178 and NiO has rhombohedral structure which was confirmed through JCPDS card number 89-7390. To study electrochemical behaviour of electrode material and its cyclic stability, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies was executed. BaO/NiO/rGO possesses 1072 F/g specific capacitance at 0.3 A/g in aqueous 1 M KOH. The electrochemical action of hybrid device was setup and it revealed 224 F/g at 0.3 A/g within the charging potential of 1.6 V. Capacitive retention of 97.6 % was achieved by asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor even after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g, this shows prepared nanocomposite exceptional cyclic stability in energy storage application.

Microwave synthesis of magnesium phosphate-rGO as an effective electrode for supercapacitor application

Abstract Transition metal phosphate based materials is being used for energy storage because of P–O covalent bond which facilitates more storage compared to other transition metals and this covalent bond enhanced the electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications. Pure magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) were synthesized via microwave synthesis as the composite varies with rGO (MgPO-XrGO) X=25,50,75,100mg. The prepared composite materials were examined employing XRD, Raman, FT-IR, SEM and XPS studies. Electrochemical studies (CV, EIS, GCD) of three electrode system for the prepared electrodes were performed using Biologic SP-150 with 2M (H2SO4) as electrolyte. From the XRD results, triclinic structured MgPO was confirmed (JCPDS card #35–0329) and rGO has enhanced the crystallinity of MgPO composite. From Raman analyses, the well graphitization nature of rGO in composite MgPO was identified and from XPS analysis chemical composition of the elements was analyzed. The FT-IR fundamental modes of vibrations of PO 4 3 − ${\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}$ (γ 1,γ 3,γ 4) were obtained. The electrochemical analysis of the prepared material such as pure and composite materials showed better performance. The high specific capacitance was obtained for MgPO-50rGO because MgPO has high coordination with rGO. As Mg2+ oxidation state has high chemical reactivity compared to other earth metals and other advantage is P–O covalent bond that enhanced the performance of the electrode. By facilitating these advantages, rGO is included as composite to develop the electrode to favor the practical applications. By using the optimum level rGO composite with MgPO4-50rGO a better new candidate was successfully developed for supercapacitor applications. The fabricated MgPO-50rGO//Activate carbon full cell set up exhibited the specific capacitance 61 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1, 21.7 Wh kg−1 energy density and 790.0 W kg−1 power densities and explored outstanding capacitive retention in 2 electrode full cell setup cyclic stability of 99.1 % over the 5000 cycles.

Synergistic bifunctionality of ZnO nanowalls: Antibacterial activity and photocatalysis through integrated in silico and in vitro approaches

This research investigation delves into the versatile attributes of ZnO nanowalls, specifically probing into their dual functionality encompassing antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of ZnO was achieved by employing a microwave-mediated co-precipitation technique. The resulting sample underwent thorough characterization through diverse analytical methodologies. X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed the prevalence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase, as confirmed by JCPDS card No. 36–1451, with an average crystallite size determined as 23.48 nm. Tauc plot extrapolation method was applied to the UV absorption spectrum to ascertain the bandgap energy. The ZnO nanostructure morphology, featuring multi-directional nano-walls, was unveiled through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET nitrogen adsorption technique quantified the surface area of the ZnO sample as 6.69 m2/g. In antibacterial evaluation, the in vitro (disk diffusion) method showcased the remarkable efficacy of ZnO against both gram-positive Staphylococcus sp. and gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Complementing these experimental findings, in silico molecular docking studies exposed both nano ZnO ligands with standard and corrected lattice parameter values exhibiting favorable binding energy. Moreover, the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity, particularly demonstrated in the decolorisation of Azure A and Azure B dyes, following the first-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The collective findings underscored a synergistic effect within the fabricated ZnO nanoparticles, showcasing their dual prowess in both antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The observed phenomenon can be chiefly ascribed to the presence of lattice strain and dislocation density. This intriguing dual functionality positions them as promising candidates for potential applications in wastewater treatment.

Copper nanoparticle biosynthesis and characterization utilizing a bioflocculant from Kytococcus sedentarius

Abstract The application of microbial flocculants in nanoparticle synthesis is attracting scientists to utilize them due to their eco-friendliness. This study was mainly focused on biosynthesizing and characterizing copper nanoparticles from a non-pathogenic microorganism Kytococcus sedentarius to produce bioflocculant. The formed copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were analyzed using UV–vis spectroscope (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). After extraction and purification, 2.4 g was produced from bioflocculant in a 1 L culture fermentation mixture. During CuNP biosynthesis, a blue color change was obtained after 24 h of incubation indicating their successful formation. A variety of elements namely, C, O, Cu, P, Ca, Mg and Al were found in the as-synthesized CuNPs with 25.23 % (wt) carbon, 20.13 % (wt) of oxygen and 23.37 % (wt) of Cu element. SEM and TEM images of the product depicted it to be agglomerated with different size and shapes. The TGA showed the CuNPs to be thermal stable as 70 % weight was retained at 900 °C with 30 % weight lost. FT-IR spectrum of the biosynthesized CuNPs contains a variety of functional groups related to sugar and proteins namely, hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl groups and a typical Cu–O bond at 559 cm−1. The crystallite size was estimated to be 28.3 nm, which is in line with JCPDS card no. 89–5899 of copper standard confirming the correct peak orientation. UV–vis analysis revealed the absorption peak to be 275 nm which confirms synthesis of the CuNPs using a bioflocculant.

Identification and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Erythrina indica and its antioxidant and Uropathogenic antimicrobial properties

The plant Erythrina indica comes under Fabaceae family, mainly used for used in traditional medicine as nervine sedative, antiepileptic, antiasthmatic, collyrium in opthalmia, antiseptic. Current study focused synthesize of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by E. indica leaf ethanol extract. The green-synthesized AgNPs underwent characterization using multiple analytical techniques, including UV–visible, FTIR, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX, and estimation of their antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols as secondary metabolites. The Total Phenol Content (TPC) was determined to be 237.35 ± 2.02 mg GAE-1, indicating a substantial presence of phenolic compounds. The presence of AgNPs was verified through UV–Visible analysis at 420 nm, and FT-IR revealed characteristic phenolic functional groups. DLS analysis indicated a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index - PDI: 3.47%), with SEM revealing spherical AgNPs of approximately 20 nm. TEM showed homogeneous, highly polycrystalline AgNPs with lattice spacing at 0.297. XRD analysis demonstrated crystallinity and purity, with distinct reflection peaks corresponding to miller indices of JCPDS card no. 01 087 1473. In vitro, AgNPs exhibited robust antioxidant activity like; DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2, surpassing E. indica-assisted synthesis. ABTS assay indicated higher antioxidant activity (81.94 ± 0.05%) for AgNPs at 734 nm, while E. indica extraction showed 39.67 ± 0.07%. At 532 nm, both E. indica extraction (57.71 ± 0.11%) and AgNPs (37.41 ± 0.17%) exhibited H2O2 scavenging. Furthermore, AgNPs displayed significant antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (15.7 ± 0.12 mm) and Candida albicans (10.7 ± 0.17 mm) byfor the concentration of 80 μg/mL. Through the characterizations underscore of the potential of Erythrina indica-synthesized AgNPs, rich in polyphenolic compounds, for pharmacological, medical, biological applications and antipyretic properties.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles via a facile solvothermal route

Cr-doped ZnO ([Formula: see text]–0.08) nanoparticles are synthesized using the microwave solvothermal irradiation technique. The final product is calcinated at 450∘C and the nanostructure of the material is investigated using various techniques. In structural studies, XRD analysis shows that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO is present in the standard JCPDS card. FESEM spectrum reveals the hexagonal shape of the synthesized samples and EDS provides information on the qualitative composition of the nanoparticles. Optical absorbance images show exciton peaks in the UV region, which can be attributed to Cr incorporation into the ZnO lattice, and the optical energy bandgap values are calculated using the tauc plot method. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra are measured using PL spectroscopy. Interestingly, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) reveals enhancements in the magnetic properties in M–H loops and it is widely used for biological applications like antibacterial activity.

Structural and cation distribution analysis of Nickel-Copper/Nickel-Magnesium Substituted Lithium Ferrites

Lithium ferrite (Li0.5Fe2.5O4) shows significant promise in electrical and electronic engineering. It possesses a crystal spinel crystal structure denoted as AB2O4, with "A" and "B" representing specific tetrahedral and octahedral lattice sites respectively. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns aligns well with the JCPDS card (no. 38-0259), confirming the spinel structure with the Fd3m space group. However, an additional peak at 211 in the basic lithium ferrite suggests a subtle Fd3m to the P4132 phase change with a minor secondary hematite phase. Investigating the cation distribution in these ferrites is crucial for further exploration of their magnetic and dielectric properties. These ferrites find widespread applications in microwave technology and magnetic and electric energy storage devices.

Impact of Nd3+, Er3+ions on the structural, morphological and opto-electrical properties of ZrO2/La2O3doped Y2O3 ceramics

In the present work, the authors have studied double doping of Rare Earth Elements (Nd3+, Er3+) into the lattice of Y2O3 ceramic in the presence of sintering additives ZrO2+La2O3 having formula (Y0.915-xZr0.02La0.06Nd0.005Erx)2O3 where x= (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 at. %). The samples are synthesized using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction results reveals the formation of Y2O3 structure having cubic unit cell and matched with JCPDS card No. 41-1105. A gradual shift towards higher angle side at 2θ = 29.2° has been observed with variation in Er doping. The particle size varied from 123 nm to 52 nm with doping and has a homogenous distribution. The presence of different dopants have been confirmed by XPS. The powder mixture was sintered at 1700 °C for 10hrs in an inert atmosphere, though resulting in translucent pellets when measured in the range of 200–2200 nm, due to non-uniform heating and different grain size. Under the excitation of 350 nm, the samples emitted blue, green, violet and indigo colours wavelengths, confirming transition from 4F11/2 orbitals and their band gap also decreases from 5.2 eV to 4.80 eV. The sintered samples presented a dielectric constant of 15, which goes up to 18 upon increasing the concentration of Er. These results demonstrated the correlation and the effect of double doping on Y2O3 for its opto-electronic applications.

Investigation of g-C3N4/Ce2(WO4)3 Nanocomposites for the Removal of Basic Dyes.

Herein, we have synthesized pristine and g-C3N4-assisted Ce2(WO4)3 via a facile hydrothermal method. The structure was confirmed with the standard JCPDS card. g-C3N4 encapsulated the crystal and reduced the size. The Raman spectra revealed the presence of Ce-O, W-O stretching and bending vibrations. Electron hole transfer facilitation and controllable recombination were altered by g-C3N4 heterojunction with cerium tungstate. Ce2(WO4)3 possessed a larger band gap. As g-C3N4 was assisted, the band gap was reduced which facilitates Ce2(WO4)3 to utilize more visible light. The prepared photocatalysts were used to investigate the model pollutant removal with visible light. The pure Janus Green B sample showed lesser efficiency, as it does not show self-degradation under light. As Ce2(WO4)3 was added, it slightly improved the efficiency as it possesses lower electron hole transfer and high recombination. Thus, g-C3N4 was composited with Ce2(WO4)3 to make heterojunctions which will enhance the photo-excited electron and hole transfer and decrease e-/h+ recombination. The rate constant values of the photocatalysts were calculated, and the system follows the first-order pseudo-kinetic model. Ciprofloxacin, a well-known antibiotic, was also used to degrade under visible light. The pure sample showed lower efficiency, and the antibiotic was reduced well with the addition of prepared photocatalysts. The modification of Ce2(WO4)3 with the optimum-level g-C3N4 facilitated electron hole charge transfer, and numerous adsorbed dye molecules on the photocatalyst surface made 0.1 g g-C3N4-Ce2(WO4)3 a plausible photocatalyst for the water remediation process.

Synthesis, characterization, and biosensing performance of cobalt sulphide reinforced polyaniline composites

In this work, the CoS was synthesized by the solvothermal method. The PANI and PANI-CoS composites (1, 5, and 15 wt % CoS in the PANI matrix) were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization method. The PXRD pattern confirmed CoS and PANI peaks matched with JCPDS cards. CoS was successfully embedded in the PANI matrix. The surface morphology of the CoS microspheres are flower-like and shows crossed nanoflakes with a thickness of around 40 nm. These CoS microspheres are transformed into nanoparticles by the presence of PANI. The Nickel Foam/Polymer Composites/GOx were prepared by drop-coating the PEG water-dispersed PCs-modified nickel foam electrode and immobilized with the enzyme glucose oxidase. The CV studies were carried out for three-electrode systems. The sensitivity of PCs toward different concentrations of glucose ranging from 1 mM to 1000 mM was evaluated. Also the enzymatic reaction evaluated by Michaelis-Menten kinetic exhibits a high affinity of GOx to glucose.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Myrtus communis plant extract with investigation of effect of precursor, calcination temperature and study of photocatalytic performance

An elegant approach was made for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Myrtus Communis plant extract using two different precursors at variable temperatures (400,600, and 800 °C). The properties of nanoparticles were investigated with PXRD, SEM-EDX, PL, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectrometer. PXRD results inferred that all samples have pure wurtzite phase confirming with JCPDS card No. 36–1451. The UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited that all estimated bandgaps are a little less than those for bulk ZnO. It was confirmed by EDX spectra that Zn and O atoms are the main compositions of the material. FESEM images displayed hexagonal-like shapes of nanoparticles for all samples prepared with acetate. Hexagonal morphology was observed in the samples having green emission at room temperature PL measurements. It was seen that methylene blue degraded about 90 % after about 20 min of irradiation of UV light for samples calcined at 400 °C. It was also observed that the samples calcined at 400 °C degraded methylene blue by approximately 99 %. This work is the first paper on the morphological utilization and photocatalytic performance of green synthesized ZnO with Myrtus communis plant extract with various calcination temperatures via two different precursor reagents.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of shilajit and their anticancer activity against HeLa cells

In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of shilajit. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques such as UV (ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), particle size analysis, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-ray) analysis. The UV absorption peak at 422.40 nm was observed for ZnO nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical, FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of zinc atoms, particle size analysis showed the nanoparticle size, EDAX confirmed the purity of ZnO nanoparticles whereas XRD pattern similar to that of JCPDS card for ZnO confirmed the presence of pure ZnO nanoparticles. The in vitro anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles against the HeLa cell line showed the IC50 value of 38.60 μg/mL compared to reference standard cisplatin. This finding confirms that ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract have potent cytotoxic effect on human cervical cancer cell lines.