Jawi Script Research Articles

Abd al-Rauf's Contributions to Quranic Exegesis: Historical Context, Methodology, and Malay Translation

This study explores Abd al-Rauf's influence within the geographic and historical milieu of Aceh, focusing on his contributions during the reign of four sultanas and his role as Qadi Malik al-Adil. It underscores his historical approach to Quranic exegesis and efforts to make Quranic teachings accessible to Malay-speaking audiences. Using a systematic literature review, the study analyzes 21 key documents on Abd al-Rauf's contributions. Documents were selected based on relevance to three themes: geographic and historical context, tafsir methodology, and Quranic translation. Findings reveal that 43% of the literature highlights Abd al-Rauf's historical influence, 19% discusses his tafsir methodology, especially in Turjuman al-Mustafid, and 38% examines his translation of the Quran into Malay using the Jawi script. The study concludes that Abd al-Rauf's contributions have significantly enriched the Islamic intellectual tradition in Southeast Asia, enhancing the region's scholarly and cultural heritage and providing a foundation for ongoing research into Quranic exegesis and Islamic teachings in the Malay world.

Ramuan dan Pengobatan Tradisional Pulau Penyengat untuk Sakit yang Berkaitan dengan Mata

The manuscript of Pengobatan Tradisional pada Masyarakat Pulau Penyengat (PTpMPP) contains various types of pain along with herbal ingredients, one of which is pain related to the eyes. The purpose of this study is to explain the study of ethnomedicine contained in the text of PTpMPP. The methods used are data collection, data processing, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysts. The data collection phase was carried out by field studies and literature studies. The data processing stage is carried out from the description of the manuscript, transliteration, and text editing. In studying its content, researchers used the theory of ethnomedicine. Studies that combine literature and ethnomedicine can provide a better understanding of how language, culture and narrative shape medical perceptions and practices in a given society. In addition, it can help improve interdisciplinary understanding of the human complexity of understanding and addressing health issues because literary works, particularly ancient texts, can reflect and shape the traditional medical knowledge and practices of different cultures. This makes it possible to understand health and medicine in a broader and more complex cultural context. Therefore, ethnomedicine is used to reveal the kinds and functions of medicinal plants used and the treatment methods contained in ancient manuscripts. The source of the data used is PTpMPP manuscript with Jawi script and Malay script, stored in Yayasan Inderasakti, Pulau Penyengat. The results of this study explain the eight causes of pain related to the eyes, namely injured eyes, eye pain (ordinary), blurred eyes, growing eyes, meat eye pain, restung eye pain, swollen eyes, and eyes for prohibition. The medical practice of treating the eight diseases belongs to the naturalistic medical system and each disease has its own herbal ingredients.

Presence of ‘ARABIC’ in Kuala Lumpur’s multilingual linguistic landscape: heritage, religion, identity, business and mobility

ABSTRACT Due to its strategic location and previous colonial history and as a result of globalisation, Malaysia has been a diverse multilingual and multicultural nation, where such languages as Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil are spoken. While LL has been widely explored in a European and North American context, LL is relatively less investigated in the Global South, that is, developing countries in Asia, Africa and South America, etc. To bridge this gap, this empirical study explores the superdiverse Kuala Lumpur’s ARABIC-scape or the capital city’s linguistic landscape pertaining to ‘ARABIC’, drawing on a corpus of authentic photographed texts (n = 246) extracted from a range of real-life settings. Despite Malaysia’s long-standing religious, linguistic, and cultural contacts with the Islamic world, ARABIC (understood in a scriptal and broad civilisational sense that includes not only various forms of Arabic but also other languages using the Arabic script) has remained significantly under-explored from a sociolinguistic and linguistic landscape perspective. This article starts with an introduction to the country’s ethnolinguistic profile and languages evidenced in Kuala Lumpur’s LL in general, before focusing more specifically on ‘ARABIC’ in this multilingual city. This study shows that ‘ARABIC’ (still) manifests itself saliently in various forms, settings, contexts and calligraphic styles for various religious, symbolic, cultural, signposting, marketing and communication reasons, despite a lack of native speakers and official status for Arabic and the trend to replace the Arabic-based Jawi script with the Latin script for writing Malay in Malaysia.

DEGRADASI SERAPAN AKSARA ARAB DAN MELEMAHNYA PENGARUH ISLAM: ANALISIS HISTORIS TERHADAP AKSARA ALJAMIADO, XIAOJING, DAN JAWI

The Aljamiado, Xiaojing, and Jawi scripts are a manifestation of the acculturation of Arabic Islamic culture with the culture of various community groups spread across various parts of the world. Acculturation is created through social interactions involving the carriers and disseminators of Islam. The script adopted from Arabic grew along with the development of Islamic civilization, and weakened as Islamic civilization declined. There have not been many studies on historical analysis and social construction by making comparisons between languages ??that adopt the Arabic script. Most studies only focus on one character through various approaches. This article aims to discuss the degradation of Arabic script absorption in Chinese, Spanish and Malay and reveal the essence behind its connection to the weakening influence of Islam. This research uses a qualitative approach with the library research method. Primary data sources include books and journals of previous research and other relevant sources. The results of this research show that the degradation of the absorption of Arabic script in the form of Aljamiado, Xiaojing, and Jawi is directly proportional to the weakening of Islamic influence. Meanwhile, its emergence was initiated by immigrant Muslims, driven by different conditions. Aljamiado and Xiaojing were born as a result of weakening Islamic hegemony, while Jawi was born because Islamic influence was getting stronger

Augmentation of Additional Arabic Dataset for Jawi Writing and Classification Using Deep Learning

This research aims to create an additional dataset containing Arabic characters for writing Jawi script and to train classification models using deep learning architectures such as InceptionV3 and ResNet34. The initial stage of the study involves digital image processing to obtain the additional Arabic character dataset from several sources, including HMBD, AHAWP, and HUCD, encompassing various connected and disconnected forms of Jawi script. Image processing includes steps such as preprocessing to enhance image quality, segmentation to separate Arabic characters from the background, and augmentation to increase dataset variability. Once the dataset is formed, we train the models using appropriate training data for each InceptionV3 and ResNet34 architecture. The classification evaluation results indicate that the model with ResNet34 architecture achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 96%. This model successfully recognizes Jawi script accurately and consistently, even for classes with similar shapes. The main contribution of this research is the availability of the additional Arabic character dataset that can be utilized for Jawi script recognition and performance assessment of various deep learning models. The study also emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate architecture for specific character recognition tasks. The research findings affirm that the model with ResNet34 architecture has excellent capability in recognizing the additional Arabic characters for writing Jawi. The results of this research have the potential to support further developments in Jawi character recognition applications and provide valuable insights for researchers in the field of character recognition sourced from Arabic characters. Dataset augmentation results can be accessed at https://singkat.usk.ac.id/g/En0skCKGAR

East Sumatra and South Tapanuli Ulama on Religious Sciences at the Turn of the 20th Century

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the scientific orientation of Mandailing ulama (Islamic Scholars) at the beginning of the 20th century. This study was conducted through library research with a historical approach. Kuntowijoyo’s historical research model was applied in this study. The data were obtained from documents related to the great works of Mandailing Islamic scholars. This study found that Mandailing Islamic scholars in both Tapanuli and East Sumatra Residency produced written works in various Islamic fields, especially in the field of the Qur’an/tafsir, hadith, theology, morals and spirituality (tashawwuf), jurisprudence, social culture and politics, Arabic, and history. The scholarly works were written in Indonesian, Arabic, and Malay (Jawi script). The findings of this study indicate that the theoretical orientation of Mandailing Ulama is in the Islamic sciences. Unfortunately, most of their works have not been republished, yet they are all part of the intellectual heritage of Islam in the modern Malay world. Thus, this study is expected to enrich local Islamic studies in Indonesia. Keywords: Islamic religious science, classification of Islamic sciences, Mandailing Islamic scholars, Indonesia

Analisa Perumusan Konsep Ketuhanan Menurut Perspektif Thomas Beighton (1790-1844) Dalam Karya Inilah Kunci Pengempar (1841) Analysis of the Formulation of the Concept of Divinity from Thomas Beighton’s (1790-1844) Perspective in the Work Inilah Kunci Pengempar (1841)

Writing and printing are among the fields pioneered by the London Missionary Society (LMS) missionaries since their arrival in the Straits Settlements at the beginning of the 19th century AD. Thomas Beighton (1790-1844) was involved in this role, particularly within the Malay Muslim community of Penang. This required from Beighton, a mastery of the Malay language and Jawi script, which enabled him to produce a large number of works in that language. Therefore, this study which uses textual content analysis will concentrate on one of Beighton’s works dealing with the concept of divinity entitled, Inilah Kunci Pengempar (This is the Centrifugal’s Key), published in Penang in 1841. Through this work, Beighton has used a metaphysical approach in his writing to spread Christianity in the country. As a result, Beighton was discovered attempting to apply the concept of divinity based on the concept of trinity, which refers to God: the Father (Allah), Son of God (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit in all descriptions. This shows the efforts of the Christian missionaries at that time, who were enthusiastic about spreading the religion, including learning Arabic and comprehending certain concepts in both divine matters and Islamic law (the Shari‘ah).

Patani Scholars' Views on Tawassul with the Prophet and Righteous: Analysis of Abd al-Qadir bin Wangah's Risalah Irsyad Al-Jawiyīn

This study explores the theological concept of Tawassul in the Islamic tradition of the Nusantara region, focusing on Patani scholars' perspectives, particularly in Abd al-Qadir bin Haji Wangah Sela Budi Sekam Fatani's manuscript "Risalah Irsyad Al-Jawiyiin Ili Sabilil Al-Ulama' Al-‘Amilin." The manuscript's context is set in a period of theological debates between the Salaf and Khalaf schools, addressing Quranic interpretations, Hadith studies, and practices like Tawassul. The qualitative research methodology involves transcribing the original Jawi script into the Roman alphabet, translating it into English, and performing a detailed textual analysis. This approach aims to uncover the nuances of Tawassul, as discussed in the manuscript, making it accessible to a broader audience.The study reveals Tuan Guru Haji Abd al-Qadir's in-depth discourse on Tawassul, particularly relating to Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu’ alaihi wasallam and other righteous individuals. It underscores the permissibility and varied forms of Tawassul, reflecting the intricate layers of Islamic jurisprudence and cultural practices in the Nusantara region. The manuscript offers significant insights into the diversity of Islamic thought within the Nusantara region. It bridges historical theological discourse with contemporary religious practices, enriching the understanding of Tawassul's role in Islamic worship and spirituality. The study situates Tuan Guru Haji Abd al-Qadir's perspectives within broader Islamic theological discussions, highlighting the dynamic and interpretive nature of Islamic theology.

Impact of Learning Malay as a Second Language on Communication and Social Integration in Ban Iso Narathiwat Thailand

This research explores the impact of learning Malay as a second language on communication and social integration within the Muslim community of Ban Iso Narathiwat, Thailand. While the native language of the community is Thai, Malay is taught as an additional language due to its cultural and historical significance. The study adopts a qualitative approach, conducting interviews and surveys with community members, educators, and language experts. Participants' perspectives and experiences regarding their proficiency in Malay as a second language are examined to understand their motivations, challenges, and perceived benefits. Preliminary findings indicate that learning Malay facilitates improved communication with the Malay-speaking community and enhances cultural exchange. Additionally, it grants access to historical and religious texts written in Jawi script, strengthening their connection to their cultural heritage. The research focuses on the impact of learning Malay as a second language on social integration within the Muslim community of Ban Iso Narathiwat, Thailand. It aims to investigate how the learning of Malay influences interactions, mutual understanding, and social relationships in a diverse and dynamic community. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of bilingualism and its implications on other aspects of community life.

Impact of Learning Malay as a Second Language on Communication and Social Integration in Ban Iso Narathiwat Thailand

This research explores the impact of learning Malay as a second language on communication and social integration within the Muslim community of Ban Iso Narathiwat, Thailand. While the native language of the community is Thai, Malay is taught as an additional language due to its cultural and historical significance. The study adopts a qualitative approach, conducting interviews and surveys with community members, educators, and language experts. Participants' perspectives and experiences regarding their proficiency in Malay as a second language are examined to understand their motivations, challenges, and perceived benefits. Preliminary findings indicate that learning Malay facilitates improved communication with the Malay-speaking community and enhances cultural exchange. Additionally, it grants access to historical and religious texts written in Jawi script, strengthening their connection to their cultural heritage. The research focuses on the impact of learning Malay as a second language on social integration within the Muslim community of Ban Iso Narathiwat, Thailand. It aims to investigate how the learning of Malay influences interactions, mutual understanding, and social relationships in a diverse and dynamic community. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of bilingualism and its implications on other aspects of community life.

The Malay Tale of The Pig King (2015): An Adaptation of Hikayat Raja Babi (1775)

Hikayat Raja Babi is an old Malay manuscript written in 1775 by a Semarang merchant named Usup bin Abdul Kadir while sailing to Palembang. It was handwritten in Jawi script and is in the collections of The British Library where it has been digitised, making it freely accessible by all. In 2015, Buku Fixi, a Malaysian publishing company, transliterated the manuscript and published a Romanised version of Hikayat Raja Babi. In 2020, the story was reproduced and published by Matahari Books as an illustrated storybook. This article discusses the adaptation of Hikayat Raja Babi into the version of The Malay Tale of the Pig King. The two texts are analysed based on Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation. Findings show that The Malay Tale of the Pig King has been adapted and simplified through appropriation process, making it suitable for young readers. The latter version still maintains the main story structure by having the same key events as in the original storyline. In addition to this, beautiful illustrations on the cover of the book and throughout the entire book makes The Malay Tale of the Pig King visually appealing.

Manuskrip Beraksara Jawi Pada Khazanah Pustaka EAP British Library

Jawi script is Arabic/hijaiyah letters with 6 additional letters as local modifications which -when read or pronounced- form Malay words/sentences. This Jawi script is proof of the influence of Islam in the archipelago. This study is historical research employing literature analysis examining the Jawi script collection within the digital library provided by the Endangered Archives Program (EAP) Riau manuscripts: The Gateway to The Malay Intellectual World (EAP153). The data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively through historiography descriptive analysis. The data was then discussed by comparing with other literacy sources such as journals, books and internet sources. Malay manuscripts stored in the British Library EAP library & Linggam Cahaya Library consist of 454 manuscripts including 65 (14%) written in Dutch, 30 (6.6%) written in Indonesian, 3 (0.7%) written in Arabic, 2 (2) 0.4%) written in English and 353 Jawi manuscripts (78%) and 118 bi-lingual literature collections. Based on the Jawi manuscripts provided in the EAP British Library collection and that of Linggam Cahaya Library, it can be understood that the use of Jawi writing provides an overview of the socio-cultural conditions of Malay at the time. It is also revealed that there had been ups and downs in the use of Jawi script. In the 19th century Jawi writing was the government official script, the most mastered script by the community, a sign of identity and a resistance symbol against colonialism. The prestige of Jawi script began to decline since school system spread and the use of Latin script in the schooling world started as the impact of the ethical politics of 1901.

The Threat of Discontinuity Ancient Scripts in the Islamic-Malay Manuscript

The purpose of this writing is to prove that there is a threat of discontinuity of ancient scripts in Malay Islamic manuscripts. Preservation of cultural heritage in the form of ancient script tends to be ignored. Abandonment of ancient scripts in the form of discontinuity the inheritance of ancient scripts; discontinuity of ancient script writing and discontinuity due to myths. In fact, these three aspects have the effect of threatening the discontinuity of ancient script. Through direct and indirect observation of digital collections of ancient manuscripts and free interviews with informants consisting of government agencies, traditional leaders and communities of ancient script lovers. Three ancient scripts that are threatened with discontinuity were found: (1) Jawi script, (2) Ulu script and (3) Lontaraq script. To then do data analysis by means of descriptive, interpretive and reflective of the existing data. This research shows that the government's policy regarding the preservation of cultural heritage must be handed down by the local government in an effort to preserve ancient scripts with outreach, workshops/training as a condition for the sustainability of cultural heritage. In addition, recruitment of ancient script experts is needed to increase qualified human resources and ancient script experts so that local content subjects can be realized. This is important to increase the preservation of ancient scripts.

How Jawi Script Influences Religious Attitudes: An Evidence from Aceh

This study described the religious attitudes influenced by the Jawi Script upon people living in the Seulimeum Subdistrict of Aceh Besar District, Indonesia. The data for this qualitative study were gathered through interviews and observations that included three activities: behavioral observation, direct questioning, and direct disclosure. A checklist and field notes accompanied observations, while direct questioning and direct disclosure involved unstructured interviews with eight respondents. The data was then qualitatively analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The study's findings suggested that the Jawi script instructional process had influenced respondents’ religious attitudes toward aqidah, ibadah, morals, and social society. In the field of aqidah, Jawi script instructional process strengthened the aqidah that adheres to the creed of Ahlusunnah wal Jama’ah. They also rejected another aqidah, armed with knowledge from the Jawi Script. Religious attitudes also were reflected in ibadah activities under the knowledge learned from the Shafi'i school of thought's Jawi Script. Regarding morals and social society, Jawi script instructional process strengthened husband-wife relationships, strengthened social traditions with Islamic nuances, and fostered social unity.

Improved Classification of Handwritten Jawi Script Based on Main Part of Script Body

Since the entry of Islam, many ancient relics in the archipelago were written using Jawi script. Due to human or natural factors, these ancient relics will be damaged or destroyed. To avoid the loss of this ancient heritage data, the data must be stored in digital documents. In order to convert digital documents into machine-readable text format, the use of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology is inevitable. In this research, OCR technology is implemented on isolated Jawi scripts. Freeman Chain Code (FCC) is used to extract the isolated Jawi script features. Subsequently, the FCC feature is fed into Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to classify the character. The decision rule classification is applied to the class of SVM classification in the Jawi script form. The results of the SVM classification into 19 classes reached 81.58%, while the results for merging into 15 classes produced better results with the accuracy 84.21%. Feature extraction of dot location is divided into the top, middle, and bottom. Feature extraction of the number of dotss is done by counting the number of dots, while feature extraction of the presence of holes is carried out by detecting the presence of holes in the characters. These features are applied to the class of results from SVM classification with decision-making rules. The percentage of success in applying the decision rules to the results of the classification of incorporation into 15 classes by SVM reached 92.86%. Further research will be conducted to determine the effect of the feature of the location of the dot and the number of dots on the shape of the main part of the character.

Semiotic and Cultural Analysis on Local Product Brand Name

To create strategically relevant and significant brand names, factors such as culture is one of the most powerful and immediate ways to communicate an identity-image and linkage to the consumer. Thus, enables potential buyers to relate by delivering brand communication value of the brand by inspiring or persuading them by certain images and associations. However, interpretation of each brand name can be tricky as manipulation of social interaction as well as multiple types of relationships with the brands; leading to varying brand images (noise). The aims of this research were to explore cultural aspects and their meaning as brand communication value of 50 local brand names of various products as a purposeful communicative act in branding strategy. The brand names were sampled limited on a simple random sampling selected from billboard advertisement. Content analysis method through Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic model was used in this analysis to describe and analyse the connotation, denotation, concepts, and relationships in making inferences about the cultural messages imprinted on the brand names. The findings indicated culture still can be a source of influence in brand naming strategies. Malay language and terms by the usage of local names giving local value expression that need to be taken into account in basic strategy of brand-building as future reference. This is the consumer self-image in branding, while behind cultural expression usually lies religious motivation to influence formation of a consumer behavior such as stressing out the use of Arabic terms and Jawi script. Therefore, the study gives more insight on the brand name patterns and culture as symbolic meaning which created emotional ties of brand preference. And, the decision-making process can be much easier for producers or marketers in strategizing brand names, especially for local markets that need to be tailored to target the local community.

The Role of Education in the Development of Jawi in Brunei Darussalam

This literary research aims to discuss the role of education in the history and development of the usage of the Jawi script in Brunei. This discussion is divided into six phases. The first phase is the use of Jawi in education after the arrival of Islam. The second phase is its use during the early development of education between 1914 and 1941. The third phase is during the Japanese occupation era from 1942 until 1945. The fourth phase is in the pre-independence era between 1943 and 1983. The fifth phase is in the Bilingual Education policy from 1984 until 2007, and the last phase is during the National Education System for the 21st Century Policy, from 2008 until today. The researcher discovered that the role and importance of Jawi in the field of education remain relevant, especially in preserving it as the heritage and identity of the Malay race.

HUKUM VIRAL PADA NASKAH HIDAYATUS SALIKIIN KARANGAN SYEKH ABDUSSAMAD AL-FALAMBANI ( KAJIAN SEMANTIK )

This research examines old Malay manuscripts about Hubbil jaahi (Love for splendor) or famous/want to be known (viral) opinion of Hujjatul Islam (Imam al-Ghazali ra) in the manuscript Hidayatus saalikiin Manuscript written by Syekh Abdussamad al-falambany, this study aims so that humans do not stuck with ria and ujub and hypocrisy. ¬The original manuscript is in Arabic Malay pegon. This research uses the semantic theory of qualitative descriptive analysis beginning with the process of transliteration from Jawi script to Latin script and relevant studies. This study is very important to examine more deeply, the causes and effects of wanting to be known (viral). So be careful in doing good, Allah is all-knowing to people who don't know and this understanding is truly glorious if it is informed to the general public so that they are safe from the practices of Ria and ujub, as far away from hypocrisy as possible.

Symbolisation in Ancient Tales: A Special Reference to the Malay Text Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa

Symbolisation can be interpreted as expressing what is real, not in terms of the actual thing that it is, but that which is represented in other forms. A narrative or a story that is in the mind of the writer or the storyteller is still in the form of ideas or concepts. It becomes a message when it is expressed in an organised form in the language medium that we call text. It is the text that forms the symbol to the story. In Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of the sign, the story is the signifié or the signified, nd the text is the signifiant or the signifier. Language is an abstract and conventional symbol in the life of human beings. At the same time, there are non-language forms of symbols that have been identified as icons and indices, in particular by Charles Saunders Peirce with his theory of semiotics. This paper presents an interpretation of an ancient text, a composite of narratives of the founding of Kedah (which today is a sultanate in the north-western part of the Malay Peninsula) circa 3000 B.C.E., until the arrival of Islam circa 10th century C.E. Originally an oral tradition, the text was given a written form in the mid-18th century, using the Jawi (Malayised Arabic) script of the time. It was only in 1970 that the Jawi manuscript was transliterated using the Roman alphabet. Interpretation of the text goes through various layers of symbols, beginning with symbols in their Jawi script, and identifying words in their various forms. Making sense of linguistic elements suggests taking into account their usage within the text itself, as well as information from historical texts (in co-texts), and findings of research by relevant disciplines, specifically archaeology, geology dan geography.

Cambodia's Muslims and the Malay world: Malay Language, Jawi Script, and Islamic Factionalism from the 19th Century to the Present, Philipp Bruckmayr, 2019, Leiden, Boston: Brill

Cambodia's Muslims and the Malay world: Malay Language, Jawi Script, and Islamic Factionalism from the 19th Century to the Present, Philipp Bruckmayr, 2019, Leiden, Boston: Brill