Jatropha Research Articles

Innovative valorization of spent liquors from hydrothermal carbonization for light-induced nanoparticle synthesis

To develop the biorefinery concept around the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process, it is essential to take advantage of the spent liquor (SL) produced. In general, SLs were reported to be treated by anaerobic digestion; however, some molecules present in SL are considered biological inhibitors. Nonetheless, this might be advantageous as these molecules exhibit antioxidant activity, opening a new valorization alternative as green reducing and capping agents for particle synthesis. Among the hydrothermally treated biomasses, the SL from Jatropha fruit husk (JFH) presented the highest antioxidant activity (TEAC ∼ 1597 µM g−1), increasing its capability to form metal nanoparticles due to their reducing effect. Still, nanoparticle aggregation was observed, evidencing its lack of capping effect. In this sense, the present study provides a novel approach to recovering the organic compounds from HTC spent liquor (OC-HTCSL) in viscous concentrates by evaporating the remaining water. Surprisingly, the JFH sample showed the lowest antioxidant activity and phenolic content after concentration. Nevertheless, this concentrate reflected a capping effect for the LED-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver colloids containing nanoparticles with an average diameter of 17 nm were successfully obtained. These silver nanoparticles retained their original morphology after being stored for six months. This research suggests that a lower antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the OC-HTCSL concentrate might be more effective in forming silver nanoparticles.

Synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots from Jatropha fruits and their application in fluorometric sensor for the detection of chlorpyrifos

In this study, we have synthesized fluorescent carbon quantum dots (J-CQDs) from Jatropha fruit by using a one-pot hydrothermal approach, for the first time. The as-synthesized J–CQDs exhibited bright blue fluorescence emission with a high quantum yield of 13.7 %. Furthermore, the synthesized fluorescent J-CQDs have been used as a fluorometric sensor for the detection of pesticides. The sensing of pesticides is based on the irreversible catalytic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme with a controlled fluorescence quenching process. The thiocholine was mainly triggered by the decomposition of DTNB to form yellow-colored TNBA. Further, TNBA gradually quenched the fluorescence emission spectra of added J-CQDs via dynamic quenching. The catalytic activity of AChE was inhibited in the presence of OPs, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence signal. Thus, a sensitive and selective nanoprobe was designed for the sensing of OPs (chlorpyrifos) along with a detection limit 2.7 ng/mL. Apart from this, the proposed sensing method has been successfully applied for pesticide detection in environmental and agricultural samples with acceptable recovery. Thus, the delivered result suggests that our probe is simple in design, having a short reaction time, and could be proficiently used in further analytical and environmental applications in the future.

Quantification of Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate in Jatropha seed oil and cake at different stages of fruit maturity

ABSTRACT The current study investigates the influence of fruit maturity on Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate content in Jatropha seed oil as well as seed cake. Jatropha fruits used in this study were harvested from three different geographical locations in Botswana at four different fruit maturity stages, namely green yellow, yellow, yellow brown and brown dry. Phorbol esters in Jatropha seed oil and seed cake were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results from this study reveal that phorbol ester content in Jatropha seeds varies with fruit maturity stage. Phorbol ester content in Jatropha seed oil and seed cake from yellow brown fruits had the highest value, hence was the most toxic. Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate content in Jatropha seed oil ranges from 3.4 to 4.2 mg/g whereas in seed cake it ranges from 1.7 to 2.0 mg/g during the four different fruit maturity stages investigated. Influence of geographical location on Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate content in Jatropha seeds is insignificant.

Performance Comparative of Modified Jatropha Based Nanofluids in Orthogonal Cutting Process

Performance Comparative of Modified Jatropha Based Nanofluids in Orthogonal Cutting Process

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WATER CHESTNUT (Eleocharis dulcis) AND GIANT MOLESTA (Salvinia molesta) EXTRACT

The purpose of this research was to observe of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of chinese water chesnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and giant molesta (Salvinia molesta) extracts with three solvents of different levels of polarity. This study used an experimental laboratory method and data analysis was carried out descriptively. Some of the steps carried out include the stages of sampling, sample extraction, calculation of extract extracts, quantitative phytochemical analysis (flavonoid content, phenol content, phenolic content, and tannin content), and test of antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and Reducing ability. The results showed that extracts of extract using ethanol in water chesnut and giant molesta had the highest values of 2.01% and 2.26%. Quantitative phytochemical tests on water chesnut and giant molesta extract showed that ethanol solvents at flavonoid levels had the highest values of 288.75 ppm and 267 ppm. The results of antioxidant activity with the water chesnut and giant molesta extracts had very weak IC50 values in n-hexan solvents valued at 1977.22 ppm and 3211.2 ppm. Water chesnut of extract had the highest ABTS value in ethyl acetate solvents at a concentration of 1000 ppm at 85.253% and in giant molesta extract at a concentration of 1000 ppm using ethanol solvent had the highest value of 76.665%. Ethanol extract in water chesnut extract and giant molesta had the highest reducing ability power with a mean absorbance of 0.477 and 0.520. The best solvent for extracting water chesnut and giant molesta were ethanol.

Effects of sewage sludge and other wastes application on the growth and element uptake of Jatropha curcas in abandoned rare-earth mine soil.

The wastes such as sewage sludge (SS) can be used to amend soil of abandoned rare-earth mine land (ARL). The energy plant Jatropha curcas could be used as a pioneer tree species in the ARL. In a pot experiment to address the responses of growth and element uptake of J. curcas, three treatments were established: adding SS to the soil of ARL (T1), adding SS and bagasse to the soil of ARL (T2), adding SS, bagasse and passivator to the soil of ARL (T3), with the untreated soil of the ARL as the control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, T1 only significantly increased the plant height of J. curcas, T2 and T3 significantly increased the plant height, ground diameter and dry biomass of J. curcas, of which the total dry biomass increased by more than 184.7%. All the three treatments significantly increased the contents of N, P, K and Cu in J. curcas. T1 and T2 significantly increased the proportion of exchangeable Zn, Cd and Ni in the substrates, while T3 showed the opposite effects. T3 significantly decreased the migration factor (M) and mobility factor (MF) of Zn, Cd, Ni in the substrates, and significantly reduced the contents of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni in J. curcas, with an inhibition rate of over 36.1%. The comprehensive evaluation of the membership function showed that the order of growth promotion effects on J. curcas was T2>T3>T1>CK, while the order of capacity of inhibiting J. curcas to accumulate Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni was T3>CK>T2>T1. The combined application of SS and bagasse significantly promoted the growth and element accumulation of J. curcas, and the addition of passivator significantly reduced heavy metals uptake without affecting the growth of J. curcas.

A novel integrated pathway for Jet Biofuel production from whole energy crops: A Jatropha curcas case study

The production of ‘Jet Biofuel’ has been identified as a promising strategy to mitigate the carbon footprint of the aviation sector. During the past decade, the commercial production of Jet Biofuel has attracted the attention of airline companies and governments across the globe. However, achieving a competitive production cost and sustainable Jet Biofuel remains a challenge. In this regard, various feedstocks have been tested for this purpose, where the vast majority have not complied with sustainability and feasibility expectations. Although not fully utilised in the Jet Biofuel industry, Jatropha curcas has emerged as one of the most promising feedstocks for Jet Biofuel production, since it is non-edible and is able to grow in non-arable lands with minimal water and energy requirements. This study presents a novel integrated pathway that utilises all parts of Jatropha fruit to produce a cost-effective Jet Biofuel using conventional hydroprocess, gasification, Fischer-Tropsch and reforming technologies. Different integration techniques are employed, including waste valorisation, by-products incorporation, as well as water, heat and power integration. The effect of various operating parameters on the products’ characteristics and yields has been evaluated. The model is validated against literature experimental data and demonstrates promising results. Whereby, 49 wt% of Jatropha fruit is converted into liquid fuels, with a Jet Biofuel selectivity of 65%, which represents an increment of almost 88% of Jet Biofuel yield compared to processing Jatropha oil alone. Furthermore, the system developed is power and water self-sufficient. The proposed pathway significantly lowers the production cost of Jet Biofuel below the market price of conventional Jet-A fuel for the base year of analysis, achieving a minimum selling price of 0.445 $/kg.

Optimum sustainable utilisation of the whole fruit of Jatropha curcas: An energy, water and food nexus approach

The growing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions combined with the rise of the demand on energy resources has expedited research into sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel. In this context, biomass has increased in popularity and acquired a significant share of the global energy mix in a relatively short time. However, several biomass resources have triggered wide criticism for compromising food resources, agricultural lands and fresh water to produce energy crops. Therefore, a second generation of non-edible biomass such as Jatropha curcas has become a major biofuel feedstock for several countries. Not only can its oil be converted into liquid fuels, but also the Jatropha fruit residues have high calorific value and are processed into several forms of energy. Several studies have investigated the different processing technologies to produce energy and food-related products, although no conclusions have been made on the most sustainable pathway for Jatropha utilisation considering its interlinkages to the energy, water and food resources, whilst considering its possible contributions to mitigating carbon emissions and the development of circular economies. As such, this study investigates 11 processing pathways for the major three components of Jatropha fruit from cradle to gate via a combination of three key tools including Energy-Water-Food (EWF) Nexus, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Return on Investment (ROI). Aspen Plus software is used to simulate the production processes including transesterification, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, saccharification and fermentation, incineration and detoxification. In addition, a mathematical model is developed to run a five-objective optimisation study using MATLAB. The model identifies an opportunity to process the Jatropha oil by transesterification (49%), hydrotreatment (28%) and hydrocracking (23%). while it is suggested that the seedcake is best utilised directly as fertilisers (35%) and processed for energy production by pyrolysis (30%) and anaerobic digestion (17%). Nevertheless, the shells of Jatropha are best utilised via SSF (32%), pyrolysis (28%), anaerobic digestion (22%) and incineration (11%).

Evaluation of plant extracts for the management of Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous crop with high economic and nutritional value. However, increased production is hampered by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of desert date seed (DDSE), neem seed (NSE), jatropha seed (JSE) and tobacco leaf (TLE) for the management of CLS. The antifungal activities of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l concentrations of each of the plant extracts was assessed in vitro on potato dextrose agar using the food poison technique. The field study was a factorial experiment consisting of 18 treatments laid in a Randomised Complete Block Design with four replications over two cropping seasons. The in vitro results revealed that all the botanicals at 100 g/l recorded the highest inhibition percentages. DDSE at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the highest mycelia growths compared to other levels of plant extracts used with inhibition percentages of 90.33 and 84.96% in C. arachidicola and C. personatum, respectively. Three out of the four aqueous extracts (DDSE, NSE and JSE) at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.05) lowered disease incidence, severity and defoliation in the field and increased yield. Pod yield was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in plants treated with JSE, NSE, DDSE and Topsin-M, compared to those treated with TLE and the negative control plants. For most of the parameters, DDSE produced similar results as Topsin-M followed by NSE and JSE. Farmers can adopt DDSE, NSE and JSE as alternatives to fungicides leading to minimal effect on the environment since they are biodegradable. Key words: Cercospora leaf spot, plant extracts, groundnut, incidence, severity, aqueous.

Genetic analysis of twenty two selected genotypes of Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) from Africa, Asia and America, using SSR and AFLP markers

Twenty two genotypes of J. curcas L. from Africa (Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mali, Congo and Madagascar Island), Asia (Cambodia, China and India) and America (Ecuador, Dominican Republic and Brazil) selected for their vigor and their productivity were analyzed with ten SSR primer pairs and six AFLP primer combinations. The two marker approaches showed their ability to effectively reveal polymorphism among the selected genotypes: 94.02 and 56% of polymorphism for AFLPs and SSRs respectively. Among the three groups of selected genotypes, the Asian group was the least diverse while the genetic diversities found in African and American groups were slightly comparable. The Nei’s genetic diversity (He) of all twenty-two selected genotypes was 0.2029 based on combined SSR+AFLP data. The Gst value and the AMOVA analysis indicated that more than 80% of the genetic diversity resided within the groups. The analysis of the genetic relationships between the genotypes using the Nei’s standard dissimilarity matrix gave dissimilarity coefficients ranging from 0.14397 to 0.73943 with an average of 0.3540. The most distant genotypes were found between a genotype from Africa (Congo) and one from America (Ecuador). The clustering of genotypes obtained with the neighbor-joining dendrogram and the PCoA analysis revealed the existence of a certain level of diversity that can be used by breeders. Key words: Biodiesel, genetic diversity, jatropha, molecular markers, AFLP, SSR, plant breeding.

Effect of Fruit Maturity Stage on Some Physicochemical Properties of Jatropha Seed Oil and Derived Biodiesel.

The quality of a feedstock in biodiesel production is of paramount importance, and Jatropha seed oil is no exception. This study investigates the influence of the fruit maturity stage on the physicochemical properties of Jatropha seed oil and the derived biodiesel. Free fatty acid content, peroxide value, moisture content, density, and kinematic viscosity are some of the important quality parameters of oil and biodiesel. Results from this investigation have revealed that free fatty acid content and peroxide value of seed oil varies as Jatropha fruits mature from green to brown dry. The free fatty acid content in Jatropha seed oil increases continuously with seed maturity following the three-order polynomial trend. The free fatty acid content in Jatropha seed oil from the investigated geographical locations in Botswana ranges from 0.2 to 0.7% for the four different fruit maturity stages. Similarly, the peroxide value of Jatropha seed oil increases gradually and linearly with fruit maturity. The peroxide value of Jatropha seed oil ranges from 1.2 to 3.7 mEq/kg oil, while that of derived biodiesel ranges from 2.1 to 4.4 mEq/kg oil during the four different fruit maturity stages. However, the variation of density and kinematic viscosity of both Jatropha seed oil and derived biodiesel with fruit maturity is insignificant. Moisture content in Jatropha seeds varies as fruits mature from green to brown dry.

Integrated Production of Fuels, Energy and Chemicals from Jatropha Curcas: Multi-objective Optimisation of Sustainable Value Chains

In this work, a comprehensive optimisation model, based on mixed-integer linear programming, was developed that can support complex decision-making related to multi-product Jatropha value chains and can capture the trade-offs between water, energy and land utilisation. The model can identify promising Jatropha value chains for sustainable and efficient production of energy, fuels and chemicals. This paper presents the optimisation model and the key findings from a preliminary case study on biodiesel production for the Philippines.

Production and Testing of Biogas Using Cow Dung, Jatropha and Iron Filins

Biogas production was investigated in this study as an alternative to wood as fuel using slurries of cow dung (T1), jatropha fruit exocarp (T2), cattle dung and jatropha fruit exocarp (T3) and cow dung, jatropha fruit exocarp with 10 g of iron filings (T4). The 1000 mL of slurry which included 50 mL of inoculum that compensated for the dead or weak micro-organism was made for each sample. At the end of five weeks, the volume of biogas collected from the samples T1, T2, T3, and T4 when added up, gave 77, 154, 145 and 586 mL, respectively. The sample mixture of cow dung, jatropha fruit exocarp, and iron filings (T4), gave the highest yield of biogas production with an average weekly production of 59 mL/kg for four weeks and on the fifth week about six times emission of biogas was obtained. The production rate of the biogas was rapid after the gestation period and the T4 emerged as the most substantial emission of all the samples producing 350 mL/kg on the fifth week.

Performance studies of compression ignition engine by using jatropha methyl ester (Biodiesel) from non-edible and waste vegetable oil

The results of the performance of a compression ignition engine (direct injected, 4-stroke 2-cylinder engine) by using jatropha methyl ester from non-edible vegetable oil (Jatropha Curcas) and its blends with diesel fuel have been presented in this paper. Jatropha fruits are available plentily in the state of Odisha, but these are wasted here and there as these are non-edible and are not used for any useful purpose till now. Short-term engine (3.73 kW, water cooled) performance tests were conducted using six different blends of jatropha methyl ester oil with diesel fuel from 10% to 100% by volume [Jatropha methyl ester-diesel (10:90), jatropha methyl ester-diesel (20:80) jatropha methyl ester-diesel (30:70), jatropha methyl ester-diesel (40:60), jatropha methyl ester-diesel (50:50), jatropha methyl ester-diesel (100:0)] The engine performance parameters studied were power output, fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BThE) by using the above mentioned blend fuels. Brake power measured by use of Jatropha methyl ester was found to be slightly lower than diesel. Fuel consumption measured by use of Jatropha methyl ester was found to be higher than the diesel. Therefore, jatropha methyl ester can be used as a diesel fuel replacement with little sacrifice in brake thermal efficiency.

Variation of Jatropha curcas seed oil content and fatty acid composition with fruit maturity stage

Seed oil production in Jatropha seeds through different maturity stages have been investigated. In order to meet the high demand of oil (feedstock) for large scale biodiesel production, increasing oil content or output in Jatropha seeds is required. Jatropha fruits were harvested at four different maturity stages and the seeds were analysed for oil content. The seed oil was analysed for fatty acid profile. Results from four different geographical locations investigated namely; Mmadinare, Thamaga, Maun and Shashe, have shown a similar trend in lipid accumulation in Jatropha seeds as the fruits mature from green to brown dry. However, maximum oil content in seeds varies with geographical location. Accumulation of oil in Jatropha seeds during maturation follows a parabolic trend and reaches its peak when fruits are yellow. Oil yield in Jatropha seed kernels ranges from 38.7% to 45.8% for the four maturity stages investigated. Overall results have revealed that harvesting Jatropha fruits when they are yellow increases seed oil output by 6–9% when compared to harvesting the fruits when they are brown dry. There is a relationship between the trend in fatty acid composition in Jatropha seed oil and seed oil content trend during fruit maturation. Based on the trend of unsaturated fatty acids in Jatropha seed oil, particularly linoleic and oleic acids, it can be deduced that reduction of seed oil content from yellow brown to brown dry stage is a result of breakdown of some of the unsaturated fatty acids.

Isolation of Jatropha Curcas Seeds Isolectins with Variable Affinity for Human and Animal Blood Types

Abstract

Preliminary screening of agricultural feedstocks for anaerobic digestion

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performances in the early stages of biogas production of various unconventional and low inputs crops, such as: kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), amaranthus (Amarathus cruentus L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Moreover, according to a circular economy approach, that foreseen the re-use of all the materials, a wide range of agro-industrial residues were tested such as: pomace, olive oil cake, cow milk whey, ewe milk whey, beer residues, jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) oil cake and pelargonium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) residues after essential oil extraction. The biogas production was estimated starting from the chemical composition of the substrates as well as through tests in bench’s static reactors. The results showed that the use of silage from crops with reduced agronomic requests (kenaf and amaranthus) versus a conventional crop (corn) led to comparable, or even better, biogas production performances during the initial stages. Moreover, the performance of some residues from the milk industry allowed to conclude that the ewe milk whey can be considered a booster feedstock for the first phase of digestion. All the tested substrates produced a digestate suitable, according to the Italian rules, for soil fertilization or amendment.

The election of edible and non edible crop for biodiesel feedstock in Indonesia with AHP-BCR and GC analysis

The increasing trend of domestic fuel consumption that is not followed by domestic fuel production creating problem for Indonesian government to fulfill the shortage of fuel consumption. The high dependence of Indonesian government on imported fuel creates some problem due to the large subsidy that must be given as a result of the increasing oil prices. This makes the development of biofuel important, especially biodiesel with an abundant raw material in Indonesia. In this work, the best alternative and the composition of raw materials for making biodiesel were investigated by using Gas Chromatographic (GC) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) - benefit-cost ratio (BCR). With GC analysis, it is expected to know the content of triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) content in crude oil for each alternative raw material. While the AHP-BCR analysis is expected to know the best alternative to raw materials for biodiesel production. The alternative raw materials that are selected namely Calophyllum inophyllum and Jatropha curcas . The selection of alternative raw material based on oil content, yield, and raw material cost. The criteria used for benefit hierarchy structure are economic, social, raw material availability, environment and technical. As for the hierarchy of cost structure, the criteria are the price of raw materials, opportunity cost, processing cost, environmental cost, and social cost. The present study clearly proved that C. inophyllum and Jatropha curcas oil potentially become the best alternative material for biodiesel production. The result shown from benefit-cost ratio were almost identical ( jatropha curcas , 1.01 and C.Inophyllum , 1). From GC analysis, C. Inophyllum became the potential alternative material because it has the biggest oil content for crude (75.99%) and after purification (94.24%).

Characterisation of the non-oil Jatropha biomass material for use as a source of solid fuel

Jatropha curcas L. plant (Jatropha) is cultivated in many countries for biodiesel production. This is to provide for high energy demand and mitigate global warming from the combustion processes of fossil fuels. The production of Jatropha oil for biodiesel production in Botswana following the recent government decision to promote biofuels is likely to generate large volumes of non-oil biomass. The residual non-oil biomass material can be used in place of firewood in low-income communities. This is perceived to be one of the effective ways of utilising non-oil biomass from the plant. However, for the non-oil biomass material to be used effectively in place of firewood, its properties related to fuel value need to be investigated. The objective of this study was therefore to characterise the Jatropha non-oil biomass from Botswana material for effective use as solid fuel source. The characterisation results showed that Jatropha seed cake has relatively high calorific value of 19.28 MJ/kg, high bulk density of 0.75 MJ/kg, high fixed carbon content of 24.28 MJ/kg and low ash content of 5.04 MJ/kg, which are good properties for solid fuel source. The Jatropha seed cake also has more carbon content to the value of 46.15% when compared with the stem’s carbon content of 43.68% and the fruit husk carbon content of 36.05%. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the thermal degradation of the Jatropha seed cake is slow when compared to the other Jatropha biomass materials under investigation. It can, therefore, be concluded that, the Jatropha seed cake can be a good source of solid fuel when compared with the Jatropha stem and the Jatropha fruit husk.

Effects of defatting combined or not to heating of Jatropha curcas kernel meal on feed intake and growth performance in broiler chickens and chicks in Senegal

Effets d’une delipidation combinee ou non au chauffage d’un tourteau d’amande de Jatropha curcas sur l’ingestion alimentaire et les performances de croissance de poulets et poussins de chair au Senegal. Jatropha curcas est une plante appartenant a la famille des Euphorbiaceae dont la culture a ete largement promue au cours des dernieres annees pour la production de biocarburants. Sa graine referme une amande qui contient environ 55% de matiere grasse par rapport a la matiere seche et le tourteau obtenu apres l’extraction de l’huile pourrait etre une source exceptionnelle de proteines notamment en aviculture familiale, apres des traitements destines a supprimer les composes toxiques et antinutritionnels. L’ingestion et les performances de croissance du tourteau de l’amande de J. curcas, obtenu apres deshuilage physico-chimique partiel et traitement a la chaleur, ont ete evaluees sur des poulets en croissance et des poussins de chair. Soixante poulets de chair, âges de 30 jours, divises en trois groupes ainsi que 20 poussins de chair, âges d’un jour, divises en deux groupes ont ete utilises dans deux experiences. Dans l’experience 1, de l’amande de jatropha a ete deshuilee et incorporee a un aliment temoin a raison de 40 et 80g /kg (rations 4JKM1 et 8JKM1). Dans l’experience 2, le produit deshuile obtenu dans l’experience 1 a subi un traitement thermique puis a ete incorpore dans un aliment de demarrage a raison de 80g/kg (ration 8JKM2). L’ingestion moyenne quotidienne ainsi que la croissance ponderale ont ete affectees par l’incorporation du tourteau d’amande de jatropha dans la ration. Les animaux de la 1re experience ont presente des ingestions moyennes de 139,2 ; 55,2 et 23,4g/jour/animal ainsi que des gains de poids moyens quotidiens de 61,9 ; 18,5 et -7,7 g/animal avec, respectivement, les rations 0JKM1, 4JKM1 et 8JKM1. Dans l’experience 2, des ingestions moyennes quotidiennes de 18,7 et de 3,1g/jour/animal tandis que des gains de poids moyens quotidiens de 5,9 et 1,7g/animal ont ete obtenus respectivement pour les groupes nourris avec des regimes 0JKM2 et 8JKM2. Dans les deux experiences, l’indice de consommation a aussi ete affecte par le niveau d’incorporation du jatropha et il en est de meme pour le taux de mortalite total enregistre.