JAPAN today is in the throes of a spiritual readjustment and reorientation necessitated by internal conflicts in ideals, thoughts, and policies which have arisen chiefly from a too hasty Westernization and modernization, achieved in the too brief span of less than three quarters of a century. During the last three decades of the nineteenth century, the nation was exposed to all the political, social, and economic doctrines, ideas, and experiences which it had taken the West centuries to digest. Of these Japan borrowed freely, but so hastily that maladjustments were inescapable. The system of parliamentary government itself was launched so suddenly that the people were scarcely prepared for the responsibilities it entailed, while the legal system and even the Constitution were put into effect more to impress the Western Powers as a preliminary step to insure success in the revision of the unequal treaties than to fulfill the urgent needs of the nation. Liberty, equality, and natural rights were espoused prematurely by a people to whom the ideas were quite alien. It is small wonder that in a country where there has been no tradition of democracy, liberalism, and individualism, the people could not readily understand the new concepts and the brief space of 50 years hardly sufficed for thorough assimilation. Inconsistencies, conflicts, and maladjustments were to be expected. In spite of their recognized national genius for assimilating alien cultures and syncretizing them with indigenous elements, the Japanese are now passing through a most trying period of readjustment. Economic difficulties, vexing political problems and delicate international situations have immeasurably accentuated the gravity of the situation. Since the last quarter of the nineteenth century, changes in Japan have been rapid and turbulent. From a feudal hermit kingdom the nation was transformed almost overnight into a modern state with