Japanese Model Research Articles

The Current Landscape of Endoscopic Submucosal Training in the United States.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been found to increase en bloc and R0 resection as well as decrease risk of recurrence. However, despite literature supporting the benefits of endoscopic submucosal dissection, adoption of ESD in the United States has been challenging, driven by factors including requirement for specialized training as well as limitations in training availability. Many devices have been developed to improve ease and therefore adoption for the procedure, with advancements in stability, resection as well as closure of the mucosal defect following resection. While the Japanese model of training in ESD centers around the Master-Apprentice model, this is scarce in the United States. Most US endoscopists therefore must follow other paths to learn and become proficient at ESD. There has been a rapid expansion in literature on ESD, fellowship programs, opportunities for case observation, and significant evolution in ex vivo training models that can assist an endoscopist in receiving training in ESD. Currently, there are three main ways of learning to perform ESD in the United States: 1. Third space endoscopy fellowship; 2. Master-apprentice model; 3. Utilization of live courses and proctored procedures. ESD is the optimal method to ensure en bloc resection of large mucosal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. While several barriers hinder adoption of ESD in the United States, there has been significant development both in procedural and training aspects. Further research and discussions are needed to determine criteria for credentialing and proficiency in ESD.

Constructing and Evaluating a Japanese Entity Linking Model for Wikidata based on Pointer Network

Constructing and Evaluating a Japanese Entity Linking Model for Wikidata based on Pointer Network

Changes in the peel strength between the painting and first lining papers in Japanese scroll model samples

To maintain the permanence of a painting in a hanging scroll until subsequent repairs are made, inhibiting not only the deterioration of the painting and lining papers but also inhibiting decrease in the adhesiveness between them is important because the first lining process significantly influences the mechanical support to the painting paper by attachment. Several studies have been conducted on the deterioration attributed to each component of the lining system. This study evaluated the adhesiveness behaviour by peel strength in the lined complex depending on the painting and lining materials with varied concentrations, as well as the fibre type of the lining paper. The lined complex consisting of the untreated painting paper showed the highest initial peel strength owing to the significant cohesiveness of the wheat starch paste layer, which was attributed to the paper's higher wettability and permeability, even though substrate failure occurred with longer ageing times. Degradative materials such as Cu2+ attributed to pigments in the painting paper decomposed starch and decreased adhesiveness the fastest. Lined complexes coated with animal glue containing alum or Cu2+ in the painting paper maintained the lowest peel strength during ageing owing to lower wettability and permeability, resulting in interfacial failure between the animal glue and the wheat starch paste layer. In addition, adhesiveness varied with different fibre types of the lining paper, depending on combined factors such as fibre length, surface roughness, shape, and intensity of hydroxyl groups. Thus, variable conditions attributed to fibre characteristics, materials used for lining, and degradative products in the painting paper influenced the changes in adhesion and adhesiveness. This variation contributed to different lining effects that influenced the life expectancy of the hanging scroll and determined the efficiency of the subsequent repair work.

Lean Manufacturing and Process Optimization : Enhancing Efficiency in Modern Production

This comprehensive article explores the transformative impact of lean manufacturing and process optimization in modern industrial settings. It delves into these methodologies' principles, tools, and benefits, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and improving product quality. The article presents key statistics and case studies, including Japanese automotive manufacturer's benchmark lean manufacturing model, to demonstrate the significant improvements in productivity, quality, and cost-effectiveness achieved through these approaches. It also discusses the implementation strategies for lean and process optimization, emphasizing the importance of leadership commitment, employee training, and technology integration. Integrating Industry 4.0 technologies with lean principles, termed Lean 4.0, is introduced as the next frontier in operational excellence.

The consideration of a simplified method for predicting aircraft noise

The Japanese segment model focuses on understanding noise impacts in the surrounding areas relatively close to the airport. The basic data to be prepared for predicting are usually the results of measurements and analysis in the area near the airport. In areas farther away from airports, the altitude of aircraft is higher, there is an issue that prediction results based on the basic data collected near airports accurately reflect the reality. Often, areas far from airports get complaints even if noise exposure was not high. There is a desire for a model that can predict with relatively high accuracy and ease even in locations far from airports like this. Based on this background, we have developed a simple prediction model based on actual observation results of noise and flight paths, which can be used as basic data for aircraft noise prediction. In this approach, a database is created using noise measurements obtained from unattended noise monitoring and short-term survey results and aircraft position information from the ADSB. In noise propagation calculations, predictions are made considering factors such as lateral attenuation of ground surfaces, air absorption, and variability in flight paths by a simple method.

GLOBAL TRENDS IN CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

This research presents a comparative analysis of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) models for teachers in several countries, including Singapore, Finland, Japan, China (Shanghai), Australia, Canada (Ontario), Estonia, and the Netherlands. Employing a qualitative approach and multiple case study methodology, the research identifies key features and trends in CPD. The results indicate that effective CPD models are characterized by individualized approaches, emphasis on collaborative learning, and connections to research activities. Despite variations in implementation, all models recognize the critical role of continuous teacher development in improving educational quality. Innovative approaches are highlighted, such as the Japanese Lesson Study model, the teacher rotation system in Shanghai, and personal learning budgets in the Netherlands. The study underscores the importance of creating flexible, adaptive CPD systems capable of addressing global challenges, including the digitalization of education and the development of 21st-century skills. The research findings can serve as a foundation for improving CPD systems in Kazakhstan, taking into account their unique context for detailing and enhancing the Professional Standard “Teacher”.

Adapting international social responsibility experience to Ukrainian content

In the conditions of martial law, business activities directly impact the reputation of the company, as well as consumer and public attitudes. Corporate social responsibility is crucial for economic stability, job preservation, and ensuring budget revenues. Studying and disseminating the experience of Ukrainian companies' social responsibility during the war is necessary to solidify practical experience and ensure their impact on the economy and society in the future. Purpose, objectives and research methods. The aim of the research is to study and promote the experience of corporate social responsibility of Ukrainian companies during martial law, as well as to formulate recommendations for consolidating best practices in the future. The subject of the research is corporate social responsibility in wartime conditions, specifically of Ukrainian companies, and their impact on society and the state. The research employs critical analysis of existing concepts and definitions of corporate social responsibility, comparative analysis of international social responsibility models (American, European, Japanese), as well as in-depth analysis of practical examples from international companies. The information base of the research includes scientific papers, statistical data, and practical examples of social responsibility implementation by well-known companies. Research results. Corporate social responsibility is becoming a key element not only for enhancing corporate capitalization but also for global socio-economic development. The social responsibility models in the USA, Europe, and Japan demonstrate different approaches: individual, collective, and intra-family. The American model emphasizes personal philanthropy, the European model focuses on state regulation and income redistribution, while the Japanese model highlights corporate collectivism and employee social protection. The practical value of the results lies in the fact that analyzing different models of social responsibility allows for adapting these practices to Ukrainian realities. Practical recommendations for integrating elements of international experience can help Ukrainian companies enhance their social responsibility and positively impact the economic and social development of the country. The conclusions drawn can be used to develop a national model of social responsibility, taking into account international experience and the specifics of the Ukrainian economy. This includes state propaganda, local budget involvement, tax incentives, and mandatory social reporting.

Development and Characterization of Primary Brain Cultures from Japanese Quail Embryos.

Cell cultures play a crucial role in neuroscience research, facilitating the elucidation of the complexities of cellular physiology and pathology. The relative simplicity in producing cultures and the accessibility to cells that the cultures provide, in contrast to in vivo settings, allow users to manipulate and monitor cells more easily at higher throughputs and lower costs. These are ideal for screening purposes and electrophysiological characterizations. Despite the prevalence of methodologies for producing brain cultures from various animal models, rodents in particular, approaches for culturing neurons (and glia) from birds are less established or completely absent as in the case of the Japanese quail model. Here, we present a unique culturing protocol for brain cells (e.g., neurons at different maturation levels, such as progenitor cells, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, microglia, and endothelial cells) from entire forebrains of Japanese quail embryos for high-throughput screening of viral vectors in vitro and other various purposes. Following dissection and digestion methods uniquely suited for avian brains, we tailored the growth media and culturing surface to allow the survival of quail brain cultures for more than three weeks in vitro. Key features • We introduce a detailed protocol for producing primary brain cultures from quail embryos' forebrains for up to 30 days. • We show that the cultures support in vitro viral transfections effectively. • We demonstrate the use of the cultures for rapid (days) screening for suitable viruses for quail brain cells, electrophysiological characterizations, and single mRNA sequencing.

Implementation of Lesson Study in Improving Creative Thinking and Student Learning Outcomes in Social Sciences Subjects

There is a Japanese teacher professional development model that effectively improves the quality of learning, namely Lesson Study. This research aims to analyze the impact of implementing lesson study on improving creative thinking and student learning outcomes in Social Sciences (IPS) subjects at MTsN Batu City. The research method used is classroom action research (PTK) with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The research subjects were students of class VIII MTsN Batu City. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and learning outcomes tests. The research results show that lesson study significantly improves students' creative thinking abilities and learning outcomes. Qualitative Findings: Observations revealed increased student participation in group discussions and submission of new ideas. Teachers report that collaboration in lesson planning allows them to design more interactive and engaging strategies. Interviews with students showed increased confidence and engagement in exploring social studies concepts. Quantitative Findings: Test results show significant improvements in students' academic achievement. The student's average score on the initial test of 75 increased to 85 on the final test, with the t-test showing that this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This demonstrates that lesson study has increased students' understanding and mastery of social studies material.

Imagining a Post-High-Economic-Growth Society: The Crisis of the Liberal Political Economy and the “Japanese Model of Mature Society”

Imagining a Post-High-Economic-Growth Society: The Crisis of the Liberal Political Economy and the “Japanese Model of Mature Society”

Exploration of Japanese Language Learning Models In The Implementation of The Independent Curriculum In SMA/SMK

Exploration of Japanese Language Learning Models In The Implementation of The Independent Curriculum In SMA/SMK

Automated classification of brain MRI reports using fine-tuned large language models.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fine-tuned large language models (LLM) in classifying brain MRI reports into pretreatment, posttreatment, and nontumor cases. This retrospective study included 759, 284, and 164 brain MRI reports for training, validation, and test dataset. Radiologists stratified the reports into three groups: nontumor (group 1), posttreatment tumor (group 2), and pretreatment tumor (group 3) cases. A pretrained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Japanese model was fine-tuned using the training dataset and evaluated on the validation dataset. The model which demonstrated the highest accuracy on the validation dataset was selected as the final model. Two additional radiologists were involved in classifying reports in the test datasets for the three groups. The model's performance on test dataset was compared to that of two radiologists. The fine-tuned LLM attained an overall accuracy of 0.970 (95% CI: 0.930-0.990). The model's sensitivity for group 1/2/3 was 1.000/0.864/0.978. The model's specificity for group1/2/3 was 0.991/0.993/0.958. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity between the LLM and human readers (p ≥ 0.371). The LLM completed the classification task approximately 20-26-fold faster than the radiologists. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discriminating groups 2 and 3 from group 1 was 0.994 (95% CI: 0.982-1.000) and for discriminating group 3 from groups 1 and 2 was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.982-1.000). Fine-tuned LLM demonstrated a comparable performance with radiologists in classifying brain MRI reports, while requiring substantially less time.

Menelaah Keberhasilan Pendidikan Karakter Di Jepang Untuk Menunjang Program Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) Di Indonesia

This research explores the success of character education in Japan to support the Character Education Strengthening Program (PPK) in Indonesia. The research method employed is a qualitative approach with a literature review. Firstly, the study elucidates the Japanese education system, which incorporates character education as an integral part of the curriculum. Secondly, the principles of character education in Japan are delineated to provide a profound understanding of the values applied in the development of students' character. Subsequently, the research analyzes the success factors and challenges in character education in Japan, highlighting aspects that can be adopted or avoided in the Indonesian context. Fourth, the potential application of the Japanese character education model in Indonesia is explored, with a focus on positive changes that can occur in the mindset and behavior of students. Finally, implementation efforts in Indonesia are scrutinized through an understanding of the necessary changes in the education system and community support. The results of this research are expected to provide guidance for the implementation of PPK in Indonesia, considering Japan's successful experience in shaping students' character through qualitative and literature-based approaches. This study can serve as a foundation for the development of policies and practices in character education that are more effective and relevant in Indonesia.

Foreign Practices of Intelligent Transport Systems Functioning: Experience of Japan and USA

The article examines the experience of managing the implementation of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in the USA and Japan, analyzes the main forms of interaction between the state, local government and private sector organizations in the implementation of relevant projects. The research used methods of comparative legal and secondary analysis of statistical data. The presented work shows that in the USA and Japan, public authorities played a key role in the process of creating intelligent transport systems, and the private sector acted as a secondary agent. At the same time, the Japanese and American models of ITS implementation management differ significantly from each other. In Japan, the main participants in this process are entities with different social and managerial status, in the United States, equal organizational structures take part in the creation process. The consequence of this is that the financing of projects to create intelligent transportation systems in the United States is carried out by the states, the federation and the private sector, and in Japan only by the state and the private sector. The presented difference leads to the fact that the Japanese model of intelligent transport systems is characterized by a vertically integrated model of various subsystems with subordination. In turn, in the USA, ITS is a network structure. It should be added to the above that both the United States of America and Japan have formed an effective communication system between the main participants in the process of implementing intelligent transport systems, which avoids various dysfunctions and contradictions in their actions. In particular, in these countries, many discussion platforms, interdepartmental commissions, as well as working groups have been organized, within which the positions of the departments involved in the process of creating ITS are coordinated, as well as contradictions that arise during the implementation of the project under consideration are resolved. The experience of advanced countries in implementing ITS can be useful, given that similar projects are actively being implemented in most regions of Russia.

The Development Strategy of Nationalistic Derivatives in the Chinese Animated Film Industry

Purpose – This study explores the utilization of Chinese traditional culture in animation, with a focus on film derivatives. The study analyzes recent growth and challenges in the Chinese animation industry and aims to effectively utilize Chinese culture in developing animation derivatives. Drawing insights from US and Japanese models, the initiative aims to develop a unique Chinese animation industry, with the goal of improving global competitiveness, cultural impact, and market expansion. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study adopts a research methodology primarily focused on deeply mining the rich resources of Chinese traditional culture, coupled with referencing the mature animation industry chains of the United States and Japan, to develop a more ethnically distinctive animation film industry chain in China. The main research methods involve literature review and case analysis, aiming to explore key issues and solutions in the development of ethnic-oriented animation film derivatives in the Chinese animation film industry. Findings – China’s animation industry is progressing, yet it faces challenges in derivative development, which hinders sustained growth. Leveraging its abundant traditional culture can provide a unique competitive advantage. Integrating insights from established US and Japanese animation industries with Chinese culture is crucial for fostering a more ethnically distinctive animation industry in China, which holds significant promise for future development. Research Implications – The proposal innovatively leverages China’s traditional culture for animation growth, providing insights for sustainable development. It highlights the significance of animation derivatives, guiding commercial exploration. By promoting Chinese culture, it enhances the global competitiveness of animation, facilitating international cultural exchange.

Trans depathologisation and gender identity disorder in Japan: A critical discourse analysis of medical literature, 2010–2022

Since the depathologisation movement in 2007 to challenge the pathologisation of trans identities in Western psychiatry, significant developments have occurred, including revisions to Standards of Care and diagnostic criteria such as ICD-11's gender incongruence and DSM-5's gender dysphoria, acknowledging gender diversity as an expected part of human development. This paper argues that Japanese medical models reflect global issues but also have unique aspects shaped by cultural and linguistic nuances. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper examines how depathologisation discourses are perceived in the Japanese medical community, focusing on the term seidouitsusei-syōgai (gender identity disorder), presenting three ways in which seidouitsusei-syōgai is used: psychiatric disorder, syōgai/sikkan (impairment/disability/disorder), and diagnostic category. These uses are influenced by legal and social reforms, healthcare access and alignment with international classifications, while the medical profession's authority remains unexamined. Reflecting the structural challenges of diagnostic models in trans medicine, the interpretation of seidouitsusei-syōgai differs from the English phrase ‘gender identity disorder’ due to the specific connotations of syōgai in the Japanese context. By examining Japan's approach to depathologisation and medicalisation, this paper enriches the understanding of trans medicine and the impact of depathologisation discourse in Japan.

Rural generalist medicine: a developing approach to health care in rural and island Japan.

Despite universal health coverage and high life expectancy, Japan faces challenges in health care that include providing care for the world's oldest population, increasing healthcare costs, physician maldistribution and an entrenched medical workforce and training system. Primary health care has typically been practised by specialists in other fields, and general medicine has only been certified as an accredited specialty since 2018. There are continued challenges to develop an awareness and acceptance of the primary health medical workforce in Japan. The impact of these challenges is highest in rural and island areas of Japan, with nearly 50% of rural and remote populations considered 'elderly'. Concurrently, these areas are experiencing physician shortages as medical graduates gravitate to urban areas and choose medical specialties more commonly practised in cities. This study aimed to understand the views on the role of rural generalist medicine (RGM) in contributing to solutions for rural and island health care in Japan. This was a descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 16 participants, including Rural Generalist Program Japan (RGPJ) registrars and supervisors, the RGPJ director, government officials, rural health experts and academics. Interviews were of 35-50 minutes duration and conducted between May and July 2019. Some interviews were conducted in person at the WONCA Asia-Pacific Conference in Kyoto, some onsite in hospital settings and some were videoconferenced. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. All transcripts were analysed through an inductive thematic process based on the grouping of codes. From the interview analysis, six main themes were identified: (1) key issues facing rural and island health in Japan; (2) participant background; (3) local demography and population; (4) identity, perception and role of RGM; (5) RGPJ experience; and (6) suggested reforms and recommendations. The RGPJ was generally considered to be a positive step toward reshaping the medical workforce to address the geographic inequities in Japan. While improvements to the program were suggested by participants, it was also generally agreed that a more systematic, national approach to RGM was needed in Japan. Key findings from this study are relevant to this goal. This includes considering the drivers to participating in the RGPJ for future recruitment strategies and the need for an idiosyncratic Japanese model of RGM, with agreed advanced skills and supervision models. Also important are the issues raised by participants on the need to improve community acceptance and branding of rural generalist doctors to support primary care in rural and island areas. The RGPJ represents an effort to bolster the national rural medical workforce in Japan. Discussions from participants in this study indicate strong support to continue research, exploration and expansion of a national RGM model that is contextualised for Japanese conditions and that is branded and promoted to build community support for the role of the rural generalist.

Applying large language models for automated essay scoring for non-native Japanese

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an increased use of large language models (LLMs) for language assessment tasks such as automated essay scoring (AES), automated listening tests, and automated oral proficiency assessments. The application of LLMs for AES in the context of non-native Japanese, however, remains limited. This study explores the potential of LLM-based AES by comparing the efficiency of different models, i.e. two conventional machine training technology-based methods (Jess and JWriter), two LLMs (GPT and BERT), and one Japanese local LLM (Open-Calm large model). To conduct the evaluation, a dataset consisting of 1400 story-writing scripts authored by learners with 12 different first languages was used. Statistical analysis revealed that GPT-4 outperforms Jess and JWriter, BERT, and the Japanese language-specific trained Open-Calm large model in terms of annotation accuracy and predicting learning levels. Furthermore, by comparing 18 different models that utilize various prompts, the study emphasized the significance of prompts in achieving accurate and reliable evaluations using LLMs.

Probabilistic fracture mechanics analyses of a reactor pressure vessel using the irradiation embrittlement evaluation based on the Bayesian nonparametric method

In the structural integrity assessment of an embrittled reactor pressure vessel (RPV) based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM), it is crucial to consider both of the mean value and the uncertainty of the embrittlement prediction. Typically, the embrittlement prediction uncertainty is given by a normal distribution, and its standard deviation is determined from the residuals of the measured and predicted values of all data used to develop the embrittlement prediction method. Therefore, the same uncertainty is assumed regardless of neutron fluence and the available data. To overcome this issue, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency recently developed the embrittlement prediction method based on machine learning and Bayesian statistics, i.e., the Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) method, and introduced it to the PFM analysis code. The BNP method can predict the probability distribution according to data scarcity and provide more reasonable uncertainty because it estimates significant uncertainties where the scatter of actual measured data is large and the number of data is small. In this study, PFM analysis for a Japanese model RPV in a pressurized water reactor is conducted using the PFM analysis of structural components in aging light water reactors, where the embrittlement probability distribution calculated using the BNP method is used. Furthermore, the effects of different embrittlement prediction methods and uncertainties on the failure frequency of RPVs are investigated in the PFM analyses, and the results are presented.

Morphological variation of tail bone among two chicken breeds and their F1 progeny.

Fancy breeds of Japanese indigenous chicken display extensive morphological diversity, particularly in tail feathers. Although marked differences in tail and bone traits have been reported between Tosa-jidori (wild type) and Minohikichabo (rich type) breeds, little is known about the pattern of genetic inheritance in cross experiments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the strain and sex effects, and inheritance patterns, in the morphometric variation of pygostyle bones among Tosa-jidori, Minohikichabo, and their F1 hybrids. Five morphological traits, angle of the apex of the pygostyle, pygostyle length, margo cranialis length, tail feather number, and body weight, were evaluated at the adult stage. A significant strain difference was detected in all traits, whereas significant sex differences were observed in only three traits, but not in the angle of the apex of the pygostyle and tail feather number. In F1 hybrids, the angle of the apex of the pygostyle was significantly different to that of Tosa-jidori but not that of Minohikichabo, whereas the pygostyle length and tail number of F1 hybrids were significantly different from those of Minohikichabo but not those of Tosa-jidori. A significant heterosis effect was found in the margo cranialis length and body weight. All five traits showed nonadditive inheritance patterns but varied in each trait between partial dominance (angle of the apex of pygostyle), full dominance (pygostyle length and tail feather number), and over-dominance (margo cranialis length and body weight). Interestingly, different patterns of genetic inheritance in the F1 hybrid were observed at different locations, even within the same pygostyle bone. Using the Japanese indigenous chicken model, these results provide a substantial step toward understanding the genetic architecture of morphology in chickens.