Japanese Machine Research Articles

Research on Common Errors and Post Translation Editing Strategies in Chinese Japanese Machine Translation

Research on Common Errors and Post Translation Editing Strategies in Chinese Japanese Machine Translation

Clinical spectrum, risk factors and electrophysiologic aspect of radial nerve injury

Background and objective: 
 Radial nerve is injured due to a variety of reasons. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical spectrum, risk factors and electrophysiologic aspect of radial nerve injury presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Lahore.
 Methods: 
 This descriptive prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Neurology, Mayo hospital Lahore from July 2022 to December 2022 and comprised patients with isolated radial nerve injury on the basis of history and clinical examination regardless of their gender, above 15 years of age. NCS/EMG was done on a Japanese machine Nihon Kohden by an expert as per recommended protocol for electrodiagnostic evaluation of a suspected radial nerve injury and interpreted by consultant neurologist.
 Results: 
 Of 75 patients, 52(69.3%) were males and 23(30.7%) were females. The most common etiology turned out to be misplaced intramuscular injection in 45(60%) of the patients. The site of lesion in most cases was in the spiral groove in 36 (40%) of the patient. Most of the patients i.e. 71(94.7%) had a wrist drop. Evidence of reinnervation was present in 30(40%) of patients.
 Conclusion: 
 Most cases of radial nerve injury presented with a wrist drop in which the commonest etiology was misplaced intramuscular injection. The site of lesion in most cases turned out to at the level of spiral groove, and the nature of lesion was primarily axonal loss followed by secondary demyelination.

Genevieve Grotjan’s “great discovery”

On 20 February 1939, a new Japanese diplomatic cipher machine that U.S. Army codebreakers would name PURPLE came into use. By 10 April 1939, the Army’s Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) had made startling progress. SIS codebreakers had discovered that, for no cryptographic reason, PURPLE maintained the split of the Roman alphabet into a set of 6 letters and a set of 20 letters—the sixes and the twenties—a split that had been observed in PURPLE’s predecessor RED. They had a familiar problem, and they were quickly able to recover the enciphering table for the sixes But 18 months later they were still puzzled by the enciphering of the twenties Then, on 20 September 1940, Genevieve Grotjan, an SIS codebreaker, made a discovery that opened the way for the recovery of the PURPLE machine. This paper explores the patterns for which Grotjan was searching and concludes with what she found.

Deep Learning Model-Based Machine Learning for Chinese and Japanese Translation

This paper takes deep learning as the background of researcher design, combines the relevant cutting-edge research results in recent years, addresses the linguistic characteristics of Japanese and the problems faced by completing Japanese machine translation system, and determines the neural network structure of encoding-decoding for Japanese translation based on the characteristics of high similarity between Japanese and Chinese and after referring to the neural network architecture of English translation, and the basic structure and the corresponding improvement of the hidden layer unit calculation are carried out. The training model is optimized and an integrated Japanese machine translation system is implemented. Finally, the translation models of Japanese and Chinese intertranslation and Japanese and Chinese intertranslation are tested, and the optimal model fusion achieves a BLEU value of 39.52.

Characteristics recognition and soft multimedia system for Japanese machine translation and edge-driven hardware implementations

With the development of recent economic globalization, international exchanges and cooperation are increasingly frequent and in-depth. In this process, there is a serious obstacle, that is, language differences. Therefore, the development of high-quality and practical machine translation system is of great significance. Japan has a close relationship with China, so it is necessary to acquire and process Japanese information. Japanese translation is the basis of Japanese information processing, which plays an important role in cross language information retrieval, machine translation, information extraction and other practical applications. In recent years, machine translation has made remarkable progress, but there is still much room for improvement in the quality of translation. Multimedia assisted instruction is an important application of computer technology. Therefore, this paper realizes the feature recognition and hardware structure of Japanese machine translation; for the efficient implementation of the model, the edge-driven model is combined. The proposed model is implemented through the edge devices and the performance of the model is validated through the testing. The recognition accuracy is much higher than the traditional models and the robustness is higher.

5-axis machining magic

Japanese machine manufacturer Okuma is seeing strong demand for its 5-axis technology and is looking forward to showcasing new innovations at EMO Milan next month

Идеи Сато Масару о российско-японских связях в 1990–2010-е гг. в контексте его профессиональной биографии

Introduction. Paper examines the views on politics and politicians of a former diplomat, member of the Japanese MOFA “Russian school”, popular political analyst, author of more than 200 books and articles on politics, politicians and political thought, Sato Masaru. Methods and Materials. The objective of this study is to extract the most relevant and illustrative ideas about politics and political behavior, expressed by a former diplomat, which relate to the essential characteristics and contents of the Russian-Japanese negotiations in the 1990s. The data sources for our analysis are the memoirs by Sato Masaru and his non-fiction texts (“The Self-Destructing Empire”, “The Art of Negotiating”, “State, God and Marxism”, “Russian-Japanese Diplomatic Relations: Northern Territories and Intelligence”). Analysis. Sato Masaru expresses uncommon views on Japanese and Russian political culture during the period of the rise of the Russian-Japanese relations in Post-Cold War era, which coincided with the “Lost Decade” depression in Japan in the 1990s and lasted for three decades. Moreover, Sato’s views illustrate the pragmatic approaches of the Japanese diplomatic machine towards the dialogue with Russia, while he obtained his information by observing members of elite groups of politicians in Moscow and Tokyo. In order to extract and study Sato’s most representative ideas, we have divided our text into four parts: (1) Sato Masaru’s professional biography, (2) his views on the structure of Russian and Japanese elite groups in relation to Sato’s diplomatic activities; (3) his assessment of the Putin-Abe dialogue in the context of the international situation. Results. The specific Sato’s views concerning Russian-Japanese relations in the Post-Cold War decades consist in (1) similarities between Russian and Japanese political cultures within the structure and behavior of elites, which are beneficial for a fruitful interstate dialogue; (2) assessment of the Putin-Abe ties in the 2010s taking into account Sato’s diplomatic experience in the 1990s and a panoramic view of international affairs under the Ukrainian crisis and sanctions during the 2010s.

Exploratory research on asthma exacerbation risk factors using the Japanese claims database and machine learning: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: Analytical studies of risk factor assessment using machine learning have recently been reported. We performed an exploratory detection study of asthma exacerbation-related factors using health insurance claims data and machine learning to explore risk factors that have high generalizability and can be easily obtained in daily practice. Methods: A dataset of asthma patients during May 2014-April 2019 from the Japanese insurance claims database, MediScope® (DB) was used. Patient characteristics and disease information were extracted, and association with occurrence of asthma exacerbation was evaluated to comprehensively search for exacerbation risk factors. Asthma exacerbations were defined as the co-occurrence of emergency medical procedures, such as emergency transport and intravenous steroid injections, with asthma claims, which were recorded in the database. Results: In total, 5,844 (13.7%) subjects had exacerbations in 42,685 eligible cases from the DB. Information on approximately 3,300 diseases was subjected to a machine learning, and 25 variables were extracted as variable importance and targeted for risk assessment. As a result, sex, days without exacerbation from cohort entry date at look-back period, Charlson Comorbidity Index, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, acute airway disease (upper airway), acute airway disease (lower airways), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hypertension were significantly associated with exacerbation. Dyslipidemia and periodontitis were detected as associated factors of reduced exacerbation risk. Conclusions: A comprehensive analysis of claims data using machine learning showed asthma exacerbation risk factors mostly consistent with those in previous studies. Further examination in other fields is warranted. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1923740 .

Accuracy analysis of Japanese machine translation based on machine learning and image feature retrieval

At present, there are still many deficiencies in Chinese-Japanese machine translation methods, the processing of corpus information is not deep enough, and the translation process lacks rich language knowledge support. In particular, the recognition accuracy of Japanese characters is not high. Based on machine learning technology, this study combines image feature retrieval technology to construct a Japanese character recognition model and uses Japanese character features as the algorithm recognition object. Moreover, this study expands image features by generating a brightness enhancement function using a bilateral grid. In order to exclude the influence of the edge and contour of the image scene on the analysis of the image source, the brightness value of the HDR image is used instead of the pixel value of the image as the image data. In addition, this research designs experiments to study the translation effects of this research model. The research results show that the model proposed in this paper has certain effects and can provide theoretical references for subsequent related research.

Beyond fusion towards IoT by way of open innovation: an investigation based on the Japanese machine tool industry 1975-2015

In a last few decades, innovation research scholars proposed several new concepts, one after another, but independently, and in a chronological sequence: technology fusion; digital convergence; disruptive technology; open innovation; and IoT (Internet of Things). Each concept has its own explaining power for a certain innovation at a certain time period, but has obvious limitations. A basic question is, therefore, whether each of those proposed concepts is independent among them or inter-related dynamically, i.e. in what sequences? In order to answer this question, a specific industrial product, i.e. machine tools, is selected for our study. Although the machine tool is described as the mother machine, i.e. the machine of all the machinery, this industry experienced a drastic technological shift toward NC (numerically controlled) revolution around 1975. However, up until now, this industry continues to be a pivotal industry in modern and high-tech industrial era. By reviewing the technological history of the Japanese machine tool industry from 1975 to 2015, we observed several technological shifts even after the NC revolution, each of which can be explained with one of those concepts proposed in the last decades. We find a dynamic interrelationship among those concepts in the following sequence with the publication dates in parenthesis: disruptive technology (1997), technology fusion (1992), open innovation (2003), digital convergence (1996). We describe characteristics and analytical framework for IoT innovation that has gone beyond the traditional Schumpeterian formulation of innovation.

沢井実著, 『マザーマシンの夢-日本工作機械工業史-』, 名古屋大学出版会, 2013年, v+501頁

沢井実著, 『マザーマシンの夢-日本工作機械工業史-』, 名古屋大学出版会, 2013年, v+501頁

Interfirm Relationships in the Japanese Machine Tool Industry, 1910s-1980s: Market and Organizational Principles

Interfirm Relationships in the Japanese Machine Tool Industry, 1910s-1980s: Market and Organizational Principles

공작기계 주변장치의 에너지 절감 대기전략

Energy cost has been increasing rapidly to comply with environmental regulations worldwide and the manufacturing industry who consumes more than half of the total energy needs to improve their cost competitiveness considering environmental costs. Machine tools are essential elements in manufacturing industry and efforts have been made recently to increase their energy efficiency mainly by German and Japanese machine tool builders. In this paper, trends in energy saving technology are described on the hardware and software sides of peripheral equipment of machine tools. In addition, the power consumption of a machining center is measured and analyzed to develop a software-based standby strategy for energy saving with peripheral equipment of machine tools.

Commercialising new energy technologies: failure of the Japanese machine?

Since the 1970s, Japan has been regarded as an exemplar in technological development and its national approach recommended to governments in the USA and Europe. Hence, when Japan initiated a structured, strategic programme to develop alternative and renewable energy (RE) technologies in the 1970s, success would have been expected. Yet, despite focused Government support and the involvement of major firms, the installed capacity of RE technology in 2010 remains low. This paper reviews Japanese research, development and deployment activities in wind, solar photovoltaics and fuel cell technologies, identifying sectoral-specific constraints arising from a combination of poor management of regulation, lack of risk capital, ineffective advocacy coalitions, lack of an independent technical authority and limited communication of learning. These are fundamental weaknesses in Japanese institutions and failures in four of the eight technological innovation systems functions necessary for successful commercialisation. We conclude that Japan's exemplar image is not justified in the energy sector.

Effects of integrating patents and standards on intellectual property management and corporate innovativeness in Japanese electric machine corporations

This paper discusses current organisational innovations in intellectual property (IP) management that, with recent advances in networking technology, have arisen from the integration of patents and standards, and the effects of this integration on corporate innovativeness. Through case studies of Japanese electric machine corporations (NEC, Fujitsu and Hitachi), a new IP organisational evolutionary model that accounts for standardisation is presented, and organisational innovations are identified, including patent and standard information management (PSIM) and expanded IP management. PSIM is an information exchange system for the patent clearance of essential patents, and expanded IP management is IP management that considers both standardisation and patent activity. The evolutionary model shows that the exchange of information about patents and standards within an organisation becomes more oriented towards interdivisional exchange of information rather than intradivisional exchange. As a result, organisational innovations arising from the integration of patents and standards are expected to improve corporate innovativeness.

まえがき ニッポンのオンリーワン「メカ」(<メカライフ特集>ニッポンのオンリーワン「メカ」)

まえがき ニッポンのオンリーワン「メカ」(<メカライフ特集>ニッポンのオンリーワン「メカ」)

The Strategies of Chinese and Japanese Machine Tool Manufactures in the Market of China

The Strategies of Chinese and Japanese Machine Tool Manufactures in the Market of China

Automatic Tool Changer [25 Years Ago

At the 1984 International Machine Tool Show in Chicago, where machine tool vendors from throughout the world bring their wares for display, one of the most impressive single displays was by a Japanese machine tool company, one of the largest producers of automated machine tools in the world. I was particularly impressed by an automatic tool changer on one of the company's machining centers, which is an automated milling machine that is at the core of small-batch production. This tool changer was a modular system capable of changing up to 700 tools.

Mongolian to Japanese Machine Translation System

Mongolian to Japanese Machine Translation System

ON THE FACTORY AND DESIGNER IN THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT-CONTROL YAWATA IRON WORKS FROM THE TAISHO ERA TO THE EARY SHOWA ERA

"Roll Sensaku Factory" by KAGEYAMA Hitoshi who was the first Japanese machine engineer was completed in Meiji Era 42(1909) in The Imperial Steel Works, Japan (The Japanese Government-control Yawata Iron Works). After that, two iron frame structural engineers who were architectural engineers were invited from the Yokogawa Kyoryo Seisakusho in Taisho Era 5 (1916), and "The second Ohgata Factory" was completed by their designs in Taisho Era 8 (1919). It is described that the designer of the factory construction changed from the machine engineer into an architectural engineer and that the Japanese Government-control Yawata Iron Works consigned the design of "The Second Atsuita factory" to the Yokogawa Kohmusho, a private company, in Taisho Era 9 (1920).