Japanese Kanji Characters Research Articles

Understanding Artificial Neural Networks and its formation

Abstract: A brain network is an information handling framework comprising of countless basic, exceptionally interconnected handling components in an engineering motivated by the construction of the cerebral cortex piece of the cerebrum. Thus, brain networks are frequently equipped for doing things which people or creatures get along nicely however which customary PCs frequently do inadequately. Brain networks have arisen in the beyond couple of years as an area of surprising an open door for research, improvement and application to various true issues. For sure, brain networks display attributes and abilities not given by some other innovation. Models incorporate perusing Japanese Kanji characters and human penmanship, perusing typewritten text, making up for arrangement mistakes in robots, deciphering extremely "uproarious" signals (e.g., electrocardiograms), demonstrating complex frameworks that can't be displayed numerically, and anticipating whether proposed advances will be great or fizzle. This report presents a short instructional exercise on brain organizations and momentarily depicts a few applications.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІМЕРСИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ЯПОНСЬКОЇ МОВИ СТУДЕНТАМИ ФІЛОЛОГІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

The article deals with the problem of using immersive technologies for teaching future philologists of the Oriental language. It considers the ways to implement tasks aimed at fast, active, correct and convenient studying by students of the Oriental languages by means of immersive technologies, such as technologies of augmented and virtual reality. The main classifications of types of augmented and virtual realities have been provided for understanding the principles of their use in the educational process, in particular for learning languages. The article describes the scientists’ studies and their main results regarding selection and application of immersive technologies for students who study the Oriental languages at philological departments of higher education institutions. The advantages of using immersive technologies for teaching future translators of the Oriental languages, in particular of Japanese, at the Education and Scientific Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, at lecturers and seminars for “Japanese Kanji Characters” have been revealed and substantiated. It has been found out that among these approaches, students prefer an approach based on the creation of educational materials by themselves using augmented reality, which is due to their motivation for creating such examples of hieroglyphs with augmented reality that will interest other students and illustrate the most difficult cases in the language practice while translating from the corresponding (Oriental) languages.

Synaesthetic colour associations for Japanese Kanji characters: from the perspective of grapheme learning.

One of the fundamental questions about grapheme-colour synaesthesia is how specific associations between the graphemes and colours are formed. We addressed this question by focusing on the determinants of synaesthetic colours for Japanese Kanji characters (logographic characters) using a psycholinguistic approach. Study 1 explored the influence meaning has on synaesthetic colours for Kanji characters representing abstract meanings by examining synaesthetic colours for antonym pairs (i.e. characters with meanings opposed to each other) in Japanese synaesthetes. Results showed that semantic relations influenced the grapheme-colour associations for characters representing abstract meanings in the early stages of learning abstract Kanji, while the influence was reduced in the grapheme-colour associations for those learned later. Study 2 examined the effect that learning new sounds or meanings of graphemes has on synaesthetic colours for those graphemes. Japanese synaesthetes were taught new sounds or new meanings for familiar Kanji characters. Results indicated that acquiring new information for graphemes slightly but significantly reduced the test-retest grapheme-colour association consistency, suggesting that synaesthetic colours can be modulated to reflect the synaesthete's latest knowledge about graphemes. Implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of the relationship between synaesthesia and grapheme learning. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia'.

Indonesian students’ perceptions of mnemonics strategies to recognize Japanese kanji characters

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to explore university students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of recognizing Japanese Kanji characters by using mnemonic strategies and of understanding Kanji’s meanings. Fifty Indonesian university students majoring in Japanese Language Education participated in this study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview with Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) students. Drawing on the analysis of questionnaire and interview data, students reported that the use of mnemonic strategies successfully enhanced their comprehension of Japanese Kanji characters lexically and semantically. The findings also showed that the mnemonic strategy was so applicable that students could recognize Japanese Kanji characters. The use of technology also mediated the adoption of the mnemonic strategy. Thus, the implication of the study is that by using different mnemonic strategies along with the use of technology, Japanese teachers could teach Japanese Kanji characters to students whose writing systems background is other than Latin/Roman alphabet systems.

Influence of the graphemic information of Japanese Kanji characters on the number of synesthetic colors

Influence of the graphemic information of Japanese Kanji characters on the number of synesthetic colors

When And Where To Use Furigana? The Application Of Phonetic Notation In Japanese Translations Of Clinical Outcomes Assessments (COAS) For Children

Furigana (used for Japanese) is a phonetic notation which accompanies the traditional Japanese Kanji characters in the form of small symbols alongside or above the original character. These symbols aid the reader to pronounce characters out phonetically to understand the meaning of the text, principally employed in texts for children and language learners. This study concentrates on its application and importance of use in COAs intended for children. To understand the relevance and application of furigana within COAs, research was conducted into its cultural use to assess the necessity of its presence in the final translation. Academic studies and feedback from 32 native speakers/developers were collated. This data was analysed to verify if the use of the phonetic notations is applicable in COAs for children. The results were set into 3 items of preference for learners of kanji, ‘text with furigana’, ‘no furigana’ or ‘other (descriptions)’. Considering furigana usage for respondents, 65.6% reported that if there was no furigana to assist in reading, a page with a high density of kanji was considered daunting. When asked if they preferred ‘text with furigana’, ‘no furigana’ or ‘other’, 63.3% of respondents opted for text with furigana. The results highlight that the safer option is to apply furigana to the translations; ensuring children can easily understand each character and reduce the risk of misinterpretation. Expert feedback showed that furigana is seldom used in most texts for adults and is usually used for clarification and pronunciation. However, it is frequently used in books for children or non-native speakers learning the language and therefore should always be considered when translating COAs aimed at children into Japanese.

The influence of grapheme properties on the number of synesthetic colors for Japanese Kanji characters

The influence of grapheme properties on the number of synesthetic colors for Japanese Kanji characters

Influence of visual complexity on synesthetic color choice for Japanese Kanji characters

Influence of visual complexity on synesthetic color choice for Japanese Kanji characters

Database of synesthetic color associations for Japanese kanji.

Synesthesia is a neurological phenomenon in which certain types of stimuli elicit involuntary perceptions in an unrelated pathway. A common type of synesthesia is grapheme-color synesthesia, in which the visual perception of letters and numbers stimulates the perception of a specific color. Previous studies have often collected relatively small numbers of grapheme-color associations per synesthete, but the accumulation of a large quantity of data has greater promise for uncovering the mechanisms underlying synesthetic association. In this study, we therefore collected large samples of data from a total of eight synesthetes. All told, we obtained over 1000 synesthetic colors associated with Japanese kanji characters from each of two synesthetes, over 100 synesthetic colors form each of three synesthetes, and about 80 synesthetic colors associated with Japanese hiragana, Latin letters, and Arabic numerals from each of three synesthetes. We then compiled the data into a database, called the KANJI-Synesthetic Colors Database (K-SCD), which has a total of 5122 colors for 483, 46, and 46 Japanese kanji, hiragana, and katakana characters, respectively, as well as for 26 Latin letters and ten Arabic numerals. In addition to introducing the K-SCD, this article demonstrates the database's merits by using two examples, in which two new rules for synesthetic association, "shape similarity" and "synesthetic color clustering," were found. The K-SCD is publicly accessible ( www.cv.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/site/uploads/K-SCD.xlsm ) and will be a valuable resource for those who wish to conduct statistical analyses using a rich dataset in order to uncover the rules governing synesthetic association and to understand its mechanisms.

Recalling visual serial order for verbal sequences.

We report three experiments in which participants performed written serial recall of visually presented verbal sequences with items varying in visual similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2 native speakers of Japanese recalled visually presented Japanese Kanji characters. In Experiment 3, native speakers of English recalled visually presented words. In all experiments, items varied in visual similarity and were controlled for phonological similarity. For Kanji and for English, performance on lists comprising visually similar items was overall poorer than for lists of visually distinct items across all serial positions. For mixed lists in which visually similar and visually distinct items alternated through the list, a clear “zig-zag” pattern appeared with better recall of the visually distinct items than for visually similar items. This is the first time that this zig-zag pattern has been shown for manipulations of visual similarity in serial-ordered recall. These data provide new evidence that retaining a sequence of visual codes relies on similar principles to those that govern the retention of a sequence of phonological codes. We further illustrate this by demonstrating that the data patterns can be readily simulated by at least one computational model of serial-ordered recall, the Primacy model (Page and Norris, Psychological Review, 105(4), 761–81, 1998). Together with previous evidence from neuropsychological studies and experimental studies with healthy adults, these results are interpreted as consistent with two domain-specific, limited-capacity, temporary memory systems for phonological material and for visual material, respectively, each of which uses similar processes that have evolved to be optimal for retention of serial order.

Neural basis of hierarchical visual form processing of Japanese Kanji characters.

We investigated the neural processing of reading Japanese Kanji characters, which involves unique hierarchical visual processing, including the recognition of visual components specific to Kanji, such as "radicals." We performed functional MRI to measure brain activity in response to hierarchical visual stimuli containing (1) real Kanji characters (complete structure with semantic information), (2) pseudo Kanji characters (subcomponents without complete character structure), (3) artificial characters (character fragments), and (4) checkerboard (simple photic stimuli). As we expected, the peaks of the activation in response to different stimulus types were aligned within the left occipitotemporal visual region along the posterior-anterior axis in order of the structural complexity of the stimuli, from fragments (3) to complete characters (1). Moreover, only the real Kanji characters produced functional connectivity between the left inferotemporal area and the language area (left inferior frontal triangularis), while pseudo Kanji characters induced connectivity between the left inferotemporal area and the bilateral cerebellum and left putamen. Visual processing of Japanese Kanji takes place in the left occipitotemporal cortex, with a clear hierarchy within the region such that the neural activation differentiates the elements in Kanji characters' fragments, subcomponents, and semantics, with different patterns of connectivity to remote regions among the elements.

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese Kanji characters with abstract meanings

Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese Kanji characters with abstract meanings

Experimental Study of Information Processing Application in Second Language to Computer Interface of Brain

The computer how to identify the language? How the brain controls the brain computer interface (BCI) equipment? Reading in a second language (L2) is a complex task that entails an interaction between L2 and the native language (L1). Previous studies have suggested that bilingual subjects recruit the neural system of their logographic L1 (Chinese) reading and apply it to alphabetic L2 (English) reading. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to visualize Japanese-Chinese bilinguals’ brain activity in phonological processing of Japanese Kanji (L1) and Chinese characters (L2) and application to BCI, two written languages with highly similar orthography. In the experiment, the subjects were asked to judge whether two Japanese Kanji (or Chinese characters) presented at the left and right side of the fixation point rhymed with each other. A font size decision task was used as a control task, where the subjects judged whether the two Japanese Kanji (or Chinese characters) had an identical physical size. Subjects indicated a positive response by pressing the key corresponding to the index finger and a negative response by pressing the key corresponding to the middle finger of their right hand. The result showed that our bilingual Japanese subjects have large overlaps in the neural substrates for phonological processing of both native and second language. Our results are application to brain computer interface.

Recognition of Japanese Phonographic Kana (Hiragana) and Logographic Kanji Characters by Passive Finger Tracing

The present study assessed the ability of normal Japanese adults to recognize kanji and hiragana characters through passive finger tracing without visual cues. We tested fifty-six right-handed Japanese university students using the left or right hand. Participants recognized approximately 50% of 44 kanji characters, regardless of the hand they used. The results are consistent with previous findings in Chinese speakers. In contrast, the average correct response to the 44 hiragana was almost 80%, again irrespective of hand. The results are discussed in terms of differential processing systems for Japanese writing and of differential cerebral hemispheric specializations.

Analysis on Awareness of Functional Dyspepsia and Rome Criteria Among Japanese Internists by the Self-administered Questionnaires

Background/AimsFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the commonest diseases in the field of Internal Medicine. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) has been enlightening the term and concept of FD. Aim of this survey was to elucidate the understanding status of FD and Rome criteria and attitude toward FD among Japanese internists.MethodsData were collected at the time of lifelong education course for certified members of Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to the medical doctors prior to the lectures.ResultsAnalysis subjects were 1,623 (24-90 years old) internists among 1,660 medical doctors out of 4,264 attendees. The terms related to FD were known in 62.0-68.9% of internists, whereas 95.5% understood chronic gastritis. Internists who had been taking care of FD patients informed them as chronic gastritis (50.0%), FD in Japanese Kanji character (50.8%) and FD in Kanji and Katakana (18.6%). Logistic linear regression analysis revealed that positive factors for the understanding of FD and intensive care for FD patients were practitioner, caring many patients and certified physician by JSGE. Existence of Rome criteria was known in 39.9% of internists, and 31.8% out of them put it to practical use. The certified physician by JSGE was a positive factor for awareness, but not for utilization.ConclusionsThe results suggest the needs of enlightening the medical term FD in Japan and revision of Rome criteria for routine clinical practice. Precise recognition of FD may enhance efficient patient-based clinical practice.

日本語版Remote Associates Testの作成と評価

The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is one of the most popular tasks in experimental studies of insight in psychological and neuroscience studies. Since the RAT was originally developed for English-speaking countries, we developed a Japanese version of the RAT. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure of the task based on chunk decomposition using Japanese kanji characters and a list of sets of words as experimental stimuli, with representative data for experimental studies of insight.

The Effects of Handwriting Action on Memory for Novel Japanese Kanji Character

The Effects of Handwriting Action on Memory for Novel Japanese Kanji Character

An ERP Analysis of the World-Sense and Semantics Mismatches in Japanese Sentences

Event Abstract Back to Event An ERP Analysis of the World-Sense and Semantics Mismatches in Japanese Sentences Yu Odagaki1*, Sakriani Sakti1, Graham Neubig1, Tomoki Toda1 and Satoshi Nakamura1 1 Nara Institute Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science, Japan The effect of mistaken words on the sentence comprehension process has been studied for Dutch. In a previous study, if a sentence has a word that violates semantic or world knowledge violation the N400 ERP component appears during the reading of the sentence (Hagort et al., 2004). Our study presented in this paper used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine whether the process of finding incorrect words due to semantic or world knowledge violation in Japanese sentences is the same as the process in Dutch. In the experiment, we presented three kinds of sentences as visual stimuli. The first ones were completely correct sentences, the next ones included a word that violated world knowledge, and the last ones included a word that violated semantics. As a result, a negative shift appeared after words that violated world knowledge and semantics were presented. According to the previous study, the peak of this negative shift was shown to occur at about 400 ms, which indicates the N400 component. However, the peak shown in this study occurred at about 350 ms in the parietal area. This early N400 phenomenon indicates that Japanese words can be processed faster than those of Dutch. It may be partly due to the processing of Japanese Kanji characters, which also similarly appeared in Chinese study (Zheng Ye et al., 2005). We also found differences of the amplitude N400 between world knowledge and semantic violation exist, in contrast to the previous study. Figure 1 Acknowledgements Part of this research was executed under the Commissioned Research for ” Research and Development on Medical Communication Support System for Asian Languages based on Knowledge and Language Grid” of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan. References Peter Hagoort, Lea Hald, Marcel Bastiaansen and Karl Magnus Petersson. (2004). Integration of Word Meaning and World Knowledge in Language Comprehension. Science Vol 304. 438-441 Zheng Y, Yue-jia Luo, Angela D. Friederici, Xiaolin Zhoua. (2006). Semantic and syntactic processing in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Research 1071. 186-196 Keywords: EEG/ERP, N400, semantic, world knowledge, Word meaning, mismatch, japanese, Language Conference: ACNS-2012 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 29 Nov - 2 Dec, 2012. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Language Citation: Odagaki Y, Sakti S, Neubig G, Toda T and Nakamura S (2012). An ERP Analysis of the World-Sense and Semantics Mismatches in Japanese Sentences. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2012 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00074 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 13 Oct 2012; Published Online: 07 Nov 2012. * Correspondence: Mr. Yu Odagaki, Nara Institute Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan, yu-o@is.naist.jp Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Yu Odagaki Sakriani Sakti Graham Neubig Tomoki Toda Satoshi Nakamura Google Yu Odagaki Sakriani Sakti Graham Neubig Tomoki Toda Satoshi Nakamura Google Scholar Yu Odagaki Sakriani Sakti Graham Neubig Tomoki Toda Satoshi Nakamura PubMed Yu Odagaki Sakriani Sakti Graham Neubig Tomoki Toda Satoshi Nakamura Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Measurements of the 100 non-daily use Japanese Kanji characters' properties and those effects on memory

Measurements of the 100 non-daily use Japanese Kanji characters' properties and those effects on memory

Computer‐based teaching of Kanji construction and writing in a student with developmental disabilities

AbstractStudents with developmental disabilities often have difficulty with writing skills such as tracing, copying, and dictation writing. A student with writing difficulties participated in the present study, which used computer‐based teaching applied in the home. We examined whether a student could copy Japanese Kanji characters after training with a constructed response matching‐to‐sample (CRMTS) procedure. The procedure was designed to teach identity Kanji construction. The results showed that the student not only acquired the constructed responses through this procedure but also to spelling generalized to copy trained and untrained Kanji characters. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of the CRMTS procedure on the acquisition and transfer of writing characters and the applicability of computer‐based home teaching. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.