Jammu Region Research Articles

Effect of Total Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content of Mini Tuber Potato under Aeroponic Condition in Jammu Region, India

The present study determine the effect of Total Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content of Mini Tuber Potato under Aeroponic Condition in Jammu Region, India. The adoption of new production technologies, usage of better varieties, quality seed material, good storage facilities, and transportation in recent years have helped to expand area, production, and productivity in India. The present study was conducted in the Division of Plant Physiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. The experiment was conducted during winter and spring seasons in 2022-23. Two varieties Kufri Badshah and Kufri Jyoti were taken as experimental material. Potato tubers were sown in net pots containing growing media and seedlings were transplanted at five leaves stage in the aeroponics system. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with two treatments viz, T1 (cocopeat 100%) and T2 (cocopeat +vermiculite+ perlite+ vermicompost) in ratio (2:1:1:2) and after two weeks of transplanting data was recorded at three different stages of crop growth (20 DAT, 45 DAT and 80 DAT). The results clearly indicated that treatment T2 coco peat + perlite + vermiculite + vermicompost in the ratio of 2:1:1:2 was the most promising treatment for improving the, biochemical parameters, physical parameters and quality of both potato varieties when compared to other treatments.

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the adult population in a rural community of Jammu, India: a cross-sectional study.

Mental health is crucial for overall well-being, but rural areas often face difficulties in accessing mental health services and understanding psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to address these issues by assessing the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adults in rural Jammu and examining how socio-cultural and demographic factors are related to these disorders. A sample of 1,016 adults from rural Jammu was surveyed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Data were collected through house-to-house visits conducted by trained investigators. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency distribution and odds ratio, were employed to analyze the data respectively. Overall, 20.67% of the participants had a psychiatric disorder. Alcohol dependence was the most common condition, affecting 12.30% of the individuals, followed by generalized anxiety disorder at 3.14%. The study found significant associations between psychiatric disorders and several factors. Specifically, older people were more likely to have psychiatric disorders, with an odds ratio of 3.7 [2.07-6.59]. Married individuals also had a higher likelihood of experiencing psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.3 [1.55-3.54]). Those with less schooling were at an increased risk, with an odds ratio of 7.77 [2.31-26.09], and people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to have these disorders as well (OR: 5.1 [2.4-10.5]). The findings underscore the complex association between socio-demographic factors and mental health outcomes in rural areas of Jammu region. Addressing these disparities requires targeted interventions and policies that account for the unique socio-cultural contexts of rural populations. By understanding the specific challenges faced by these communities, policymakers and healthcare providers can develop more effective strategies to enhance mental health services and promote well-being.

Bottleneck Effect Analysis in Indigenous Poonchi Chicken Located Near International Border of India and Pakistan

Background: Poonch is the remotest district of Jammu, India located near to line of control with Pakistan. Poonchi chicken is the first native poultry breed of Jammu region which is being characterized and registered with National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources. Present study is the first study on genetic bottleneck assessment in Poonchi chicken population using recommended microsatellite markers. This study in Poonchi chicken would be of immense use in tracing evolutionary origin and formulating effective conservation strategies for genetic diversity within breeds. Methods: Blood samples were collected randomly from Poonch and Rajouri districts of Jammu for DNA extraction and analysis. Microsatellite markers selected for the analysis were ADL0268, MCW0206, MCW0081, ADL0278, MCW0069, MCW0248, MCW0111, MCW0222, MCW0016 and LEI0094. To evaluate the Poonchi chicken for mutation drift equilibrium, Bottleneck software was used. Infinite allele model (IAM), two phase model of mutation (TPM) and stepwise mutation model (SMM) tests were done. Mode shift test was also used as another method of qualitative test for allele frequency. Result: Total number of alleles observed were 72, with the total number alleles ranged from 6 to 9. The results of all three models (IAM, TPM, SMM) in Sign test depicted the heterozygosity was more in the expected number of loci in Poonchi chicken as 5.97 (P less than 0.05), 5.93 (P less than 0.05), 5.90 (P less than 0.05) respectively. Whereas for Wilcoxon rank test the IAM, TPM and SMM revealed significant values of (P less than 0.05) deviation indicating that all the loci deviate from mutation-drift equilibrium. Mode shift test graph obtained depicted a slight shift from normal L-shaped curve indicating recent bottleneck effect in Poonchi chicken. This might have resulted in the loss of number of effective alleles which suggests a need of planning and implementing an effective breeding policy in order to preserve and promote this native breed.

Socio-cultural Analysis of Gaddi Tribe - A Sociological Study of Saraj Area in Jammu Region

The present paper deals with the detail analysis of socio-cultural conditions of Gaddi tribe of Saraj area of Chenab Valley in Jammu region. This study gives focus on socio-cultural importance, constitutional status, tradition and customs of Gaddi tribe. These custom and traditions compel them to be remain ethnocentric in nature. On the basis of fieldwork, participant observations, in-depth long interviews and data collection from concern community development block, it is found that Gaddi tribes are still economically and socially backward. Since the homogenous nature of all Gaddi settlements in the region, the Gaddi hamlet namely Barshalli has been chosen as sample and locale of the present study. The study is based on four main objectives which fulfilled the requirement of the entire investigation. 1). Demographic and occupational profile of the Gaddi tribes in Saraj. 2). Socio-cultural conditions of Gaddi in the area. 3). Dependence of Gaddi on intra-religious communities. 4). Religious consciousness of Gaddi tribes in the region. The researcher has conducted fieldwork at village Barshalli and applied qualitative research techniques for data collection. The entire data so collected has been analysed with various tool and techniques. On the basis of data analysis it is found that Gaddi are ethnocentric and endogamous in nature. Their traditions and customs highlight their identity. Their dairy produce is for their domestic consumption only. They sale out few sheep and goats to meet out expenses for their rituals and diseases. They are facing identity crisis in the region. Gaddi tribes affiliate themselves with upper caste Rajputs but in turn they keep social distance from these tribes. Gaddi also maintain strong social stratification with lower castes Hindus in the area. Despite of various government initiatives adopted for their wellbeing. There is still a need of more affirmative targeted schemes as per demand of the hour for them. These tribes are facing multi-dimensional issues in their daily life.

Evidence of G1-G3 Complex Life Cycle of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto Through Molecular Characterization (Genotyping) in Dogs, Sheep, Goats and Humans of North-western Himalayas, India

Background: The helminthic zoonotic disease echinococcosis is brought on by tapeworms that are members of the genus (Family Taeniidae). Currently, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus vogeli, Echinococcus oligarthrus and Echinococcus shiquicus are identified species. Of them, E. granulosus and E. multilocularisare important zoonotic organisms that cause cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in humans, respectively (Bowles and McManus, 1993). Echinococcus granulosus is mainly spread by dogs and a few other intermediate hosts, although it is hardly ever a part of a naturally occurring predator-prey cycle that is not caused by humans. Methods: In a present study, 1254 small ruminants (723 sheep and 531 goats) and 305 dogs, including 122 pet dogs visiting small animal clinics, 183 stray dogs in Jammu division, for a period of 12 months (July, 2021- June, 2022) were taken for the detection of the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and molecular detection. Result: Among sheep and goats, 209 animals (sheep = 137 and goats = 72) were found infected with hydatidosis with an overall infection rate of 16.67% (sheep = 18.95% and goats = 13.56%). Molecular prevalence based on copro PCR was conducted in dogs, in which the overall prevalence of Echinococcus was found to be 14.09% [stray (22.95%); pet (0.82%)]. For the identification of Echinococcus species from cyst of sheep, goats and humans, a PCR protocol employing the Cox1 primers was used. The amplified products of PCR were electrophoretically separated on agar gels (1%) and analysed in a gel documentation system. Clear amplification was noticed at 440 bp for sheep, goat andhuman. The generated Cox1 partial sequences were assigned theaccession numbers as: dog (ON427821), goat (ON427822), sheep (ON427823), human 1(OP215294) and human 2 (OP215295). All the Cox1 sequences from dog, goat, sheep and humans were clustering in same clade, irrespective of their geographical location, representingthe cycle of transmission in Jammu region as Echinococcus granulosus G1-G3 complex.

Barriers to Successful Beekeeping: Insights from the Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir, India

This study focused on the constraints faced by the beekeepers of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, evaluating constraints perceived by the beekeepers identified from Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) who have been involved in beekeeping for the last five years at least and the list contained eight beekeepers. By using the sampling method with replacement, the sample size of eight beekeepers were interviewed two times and comparison made for three time periods or years viz; 2019-20, 2021-22 and 2023-24, which made the ultimate sample size of twenty four (24) beekeepers. For analyzing the data collected for three time periods, Henry Garrett’s ranking and Chi-square test were used. Findings indicated that major production constraints were the disease of honey bees (78.60), death of the colony (70.00), and heavy rainfall (61.00). Marketing constraints included the fluctuating price of raw honey (69.20), unorganized and unregulated markets (63.20) and lack of government concern or support for the marketing of honey (55.80). Economic constraints featured the huge cost of investment is ranked first with an average score of 71.00, followed by no insurance facilities for the beehives with an average score of 53.67 and lack of credit supply for costly implements used in processing, packaging and quality testing (50.67). Chi-square test revealed that only two constraints under production problems such as, the lack of beehive equipments and materials in the local market (14.77) and pesticide poisoning (7.88) were significant and were showing dependency over the years. By addressing all these constraints through targeted interventions could significantly enhance the viability of beekeeping.

Analysis of Rates and Reasons of Whole Blood Donor Deferral at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Safe blood donors form the backbone of safe blood transfusion services. Donor eligibility policies are a critical layer of blood safety designed to ensure selection of healthy donors and to protect recipients from any harm. Aim: Analysis of rates and reasons of blood donor deferral at a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methodology: The present study is a retrospective study done in a tertiary care centre in Jammu region. The data was collected over a period of 2 years from January 2018 to December 2019.The various causes for deferral of the donor from donation were collected from donor deferral register which was recorded using regular questionnaire- based interview in the registration card followed by thorough medical history elicitation and minimal physical examination. Result: The total number of potential donors screened during the study period were 4728, out of which 532 were deferred because of various reasons. The deferral rate was calculated to be 11.25%.The mean age of deferred donors was 31.2±8.4 years. Most common cause for deferral both among males and females was low Haemoglobin level (less than 12.5gm %) i.e., 28.58%, followed by alcohol intake in last 24 hrs i.e., 11.09%, history of medication (6.2%); medical causes (5.83%); and Jaundice 5.26%. Deferral rate was found to be more among replacement donors (18.98%) than voluntary donors (6.62%). The permanent deferral was 16.65%. Conclusion: The deferral rate in this study is comparable to the deferral rates in other centres. The data will be very essential and helpful in testing the applicability of donor selection criteria. By identification of the causes for temporary deferrals, appropriate measures can be put in place to motivate and inform these potential donors to return for blood donation at a later date after the underlying cause has been rectified. Keywords: Blood donor deferral, permanent deferral, temporary deferral

Assessing knowledge and awareness levels regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in the Jammu regions.

Cervical cancer global burden is highly skewed towards poor countries primarily due to lack of awareness, poor screening, and low uptake of prophylactic vaccines. The purpose of our study is to educate and raise awareness among young girls and women about the importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination. The present study, conducted from January 2023 to December 2023, focused on students, teachers, housewives, and healthcare professionals in the Jammu region to assess their awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. HPV DNA testing was carried out using the Truenat Real-Time PCR method at Swastik Diagnostic Laboratory, Jammu. Knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of the HPV virus, and the vaccination status of women were assessed in survey. In the HPV screening test, out of 2,400 women, 106 tested positive for HPV. Among these 106 women, 19% had a high viral load (Ct < 20), 11% had a low viral load (25 ≤ Ct < 30), indicating a low relative concentration of HPV viruses, 40% had a medium viral load (20 ≤ Ct < 25), and 30% had very low viral loads (Ct ≥ 30). These findings highlight the importance of routine cervical screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, for the early detection of cervical cancer. There is an urgent need to implement cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs in the Jammu region.

Avifaunal Diversity along River Tawi in Jammu Region of J&amp;K, India

Avifaunal Diversity along River Tawi in Jammu Region of J&amp;K, India

Rise in rabies cases in Jammu region: A problem that requires urgent attention.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is endemic in India. Both forms of rabies, namely, encephalitic and furious, invariably lead to coma and death. Lack of awareness is the most critical barrier in accessing timely post-exposure prophylaxis that can prevent the progression to clinical disease. To report the case series of fourteen clinically suspected rabies cases. We followed a retrospective study design. Data were collected from the Anti Rabies Section of Government Medical College, Jammu, which is a tertiary care hospital of Jammu Division. We collected data of all patients over a period of three years, from 2017 to 2020, who were diagnosed as cases of clinically suspected rabies on the basis of classic signs and symptoms and who finally succumbed to the disease. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the results of the study. In the present description, the mean age of the patients was 31 ± 18.6 years. Out of 14 suspected cases, 9 had not received any post-exposure prophylaxis-neither vaccine nor serum-and instead visited spiritual faith healers. The remaining patients had history of either incomplete, unknown, or incorrect vaccination status. Median duration of presentation of symptoms after dog bite was 42 days, with a range of 15-180 days. Mean survival of patients after presentation of symptoms was around 1.8 days. Low level of awareness resulted in non-seeking of health-care services after animal bites.

A SCALE TO MEASURE ENTREPRENEURIAL TRIATS OF MUSHROOM GROWERS

In the absence of a suitable scale to measure the entrepreneurial traits of mushroom growers in relation to mushroom production technology in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir (UT), there was a need to construct an entrepreneurial traits scale. Therefore, effort was made to construct a scale to measure the entrepreneurial traits of mushroom growers in relation to mushroom production technology. For the same, 39 statements covering eight traits namely, achievement motivation, decision making ability, economic motivation, risk taking ability, self-confidence, locus of control, planning ability and cosmopoliteness were put together. These statements illustrated the entrepreneurial traits of mushroom growers. Thirty statements were concluded in the final scale. The developed scale will be useful in identifying and studying mushroom entrepreneurs, in shaping government policies and in designing training and seminars through educational and research institutions. This scale will be very advantageous and convenient for researchers, to examine the entrepreneurial characteristics of mushroom growers. This scale can be useful to various financial institutions such as NABARD, MANAGE, govt. of India in setting criterion while grating loans to entrepreneurs.

Socio-Economic Analysis of Cauliflower Growers in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir (UT)

A comprehensive investigation was undertaken in 2020-2021 in the Jammu district of the Jammu region, Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory), India employing a descriptive study design. The primary objective was to discern the socio-economic characteristics of the cauliflower cultivators. Utilizing a multistage sampling methodology, a total of 160 cauliflower growers constituted the study sample. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of respondents (37%) fall within the middle-age category, holding matriculation level education (41%). The majority of respondents (54%) reside in joint family setups and agriculture emerges as the predominant occupation (76%). The majority of cauliflower growers in the study area have marginal farm sizes, primarily irrigated using canal water. While several critical information sources were conveniently located near the study area, including the agriculture office and input stores, access to others such as the SAU, KVK and the market was more distant. Respondents occasionally sought information from nearby sources in their villages.

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Induced Machines to Improve the Fiscal Advancement of Agronomy

Horticulture became a key player in the development of UT. The total land area of Jammu and Kashmir under horticulture is 332704, among which 214162 in the Kashmir valley and 118542 in the Jammu region. The district Baramulla has achieved first rank in production in apples with 404089 metric tons, and also covers an area of 25231 hectares. Horticulture of UT of Jammu and Kashmir contributes 8-10% contribution to the SGDP (DHK, 2021). In 48 years, the area under horticulture shows a growth rate of 25%.The growth of production of horticulture has also increased 10 thousand metric to 25 Lakh metric tons during 1950-2022.In this paper we will analysis growth in production, productivity, area and State Gross Domestic Product through the Compound Growth Rate from 2012 to 2022. Artificial Intelligence will become a game changer for horticulture sector, which is facing loses consistently from the last few years. Need of the hour to improve the technique like artificial intelligence and procedures for the betterment of horticulture, especially open national, use of drones in farms, highway 44 during the peak season.

Constraints and suggestions analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower crop in Jammu region of J&amp;amp;K (UT)

Constraints and suggestions analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower crop in Jammu region of J&amp;amp;K (UT)

Alarming Prevalence of Sulfaquinoxaline Residue in Poultry Meat Sold in Jammu Region of UT of J&amp;K

Alarming Prevalence of Sulfaquinoxaline Residue in Poultry Meat Sold in Jammu Region of UT of J&amp;K

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Induced Machines to Improve the Fiscal Advancement of agronomy

Horticulture became a key player in the development of UT. The total land area of Jammu and Kashmir under horticulture is 332704, among which 214162 in the Kashmir valley and 118542 in the Jammu region. The district Baramulla has achieved first rank in production in apples with 404089 metric tons, and also covers an area of 25231 hectares. Horticulture of UT of Jammu and Kashmir contributes 8-10% contribution to the SGDP (DHK, 2021). In 48 years, the area under horticulture shows a growth rate of 25%.The growth of production of horticulture has also increased 10 thousand metric to 25 Lakh metric tons during 1950-2022.In this paper we will analysis growth in production, productivity, area and State Gross Domestic Product through the Compound Growth Rate from 2012 to 2022. Artificial Intelligence will become a game changer for horticulture sector, which is facing loses consistently from the last few years. Need of the hour to improve the technique like artificial intelligence and procedures for the betterment of horticulture, especially open national, use of drones in farms, highway 44 during the peak season.

Farmers&amp;#039; experience problems and constraints in production, processing, and marketing of lemongrass in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir union territory: An analysis

Farmers&amp;#039; experience problems and constraints in production, processing, and marketing of lemongrass in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir union territory: An analysis

Growth and yield attributes of pearl millet as influenced by cultivars and fertility levels under rainfed condition of Jammu Region

A field experiment entitled “Growth and yield potential of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivars as influenced by fertility levels” was conducted during kharif season of 2020 at Rakh Dhinsar, SKUAST, Jammu. In this experiment three cultivars (Puas composite 383, MBC-2 &amp; local variety) was combined with five fertility levels. Totally there were fifteen treatment combinations and laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Pearl millet cultivar MBC-2 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz., dry matter accumulation (615.37), number of tillers/m2 (23.47), leaf area index (2.41) and crop growth rate (3.95) and yield attributes viz., ear head/m2 (22.13), 1000 grain weight (7.05g), number of grains/ear head (1593.41) as compared to Pusa Composite-383 and local variety. Whereas, among the fertility levels F5 - 80:50:25 kg/ha of N:P2O5:K2O + 25 kg N through FYM to recorded significantly higher growth parameters and yield attributes over lower fertility levels but remained at par with fertility level F4 (65:40:20 kg/ha of N:P2O5:K2O + 25 kg N through FYM). Hence, On the basis of one year finding it is concluded that under rainfed conditions of Jammu, pearl millet cultivar MBC 2 when fertilized with F4 marked its superiority by recording higher growth parameters and yield attributes statistically at par with fertility level F5.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME SPENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

In the contemporary era, social media have become an essential part of day-to-day existence, especially among college students, who are by and large, predominant social media users. However, social media performing multiple tasks has likewise been progressively common. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of evidence about how social media impacts the learning performance of college students, particularly in Chenab Valley of Jammu region of J&amp;K. This study analyzed how usage and time spent on social media enhance undergraduate students performance in Chenab Valley colleges. The study is based on primary data, which has been collected from two Govt. colleges in Chenab valley. Further, the study has chosen 100 undergraduate students from two colleges 50 students from each. The finding demonstrates that 81% of students who use social media belong to rural areas and 19% who use social media belong to urban areas. Further, the result also shows that in urban areas, the majority of the female respondents (74%) use various kinds of social media than males (26%). It also reveals that the majority of the respondents (59%) agree that their academic grade is significantly enhanced by using social media. However, respondents mostly use YouTube for academic purposes.

Economic Analysis of Poultry Farming Using ANN Approach in the Rainfed Areas of Jammu Region of South Asia

Economic Analysis of Poultry Farming Using ANN Approach in the Rainfed Areas of Jammu Region of South Asia