ITU Radio Regulations Research Articles

RESEARCH OF THE FEATURES OF DIGITAL SIGNAL FORMATION IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION LINES

Context. Remote sensing of the Earth is now widely used in various fields. One of the challenges of remote sensing is the creation of inexpensive satellite systems operating in polar circular orbits. These systems require the development of a receptiontransmission system that allows tens of gigabits of video information to be transmitted to an earth receiving station within ten minutes. That is, there is a need to create a communication system that provides high speed data transmission from small satellites weighing up to 50 kg.
 Objective. The aim of the work is to study the features of digital signal formation in modern satellite communication lines and to develop a communication system with a high data transfer rate (usually 300 Mbit/s), which can be applied to small Earth Observation satellites.
 Method. Proposed concept for building a high-speed data transmitter from a remote sensing earth satellite using commercially available off-the-shelf technology. Calculations of the power flow density created at the input of the receiving earth station were performed to find out the possible power of the on-board transmitter.
 Results. A diagram of a communication system based on the DVB-S standard using the technology of commercially available off-the-shelf products has been developed. The high-speed data transmitter is implemented on a Xilinx® Zynq Ultrascale+ ™ MPSoC FPGA microchip, which is located on an Enclustra Mercury XU8 module with a high-performance dual 16-bit AD9174 DAC. The on-board transmitter with a power of up to 2 W meets the requirements of the ITU Radio Regulations for the power flux density on the surface of the Earth, which is created by the radiation of the space station EESS in the range 8025–8400 MHz. It is shown that the energy reserve of the communication line of 3 dB is achieved for various commands for coding and modulation changes with an increase in the elevation angle, which allows to increase the speed of information transmission.
 Conclusions. An original receiving-transmitting system was developed for use in small satellites for remote sensing of the Earth. It is shown that the function of adaptive modeling of ACM of the DVB-S standard allows you to automatically change the transmission parameters in real time depending on the changing conditions of the channel, providing opportunities for more flexible and effective data transmission in various conditions, which will allow to increase the volumes of information transmitted by communication session. The proposed system operates in the X-band and is built using commercially available off-the-shelf products. An antenna with double circular polarization is used as the emitter. Two physical channels represent two polarization modes: right circular polarization and left circular polarization, each of which has three frequency channels.

Study on the Radio Regulations of the ITU Radio Regulations Institutions and Developed Countries Before and After Regulations

Study on the Radio Regulations of the ITU Radio Regulations Institutions and Developed Countries Before and After Regulations

Analysis on Interference Impact of Wi-Fi on Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

Transition from Analogue Terrestrial Television Broadcasting to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) in the 470-862 MHz band made available amount of spectrum so-called digital dividend for other services i.e. 790-862 MHz band (800 MHz) to mobile service. Recently the 694-790 MHz band (700 MHz) was also allocated to mobile service in ITU Region 1. Spectrum allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally is called as TV white spaces (TVWS). It is possible to introduce TVWS services in 470-790 MHz band under the condition that other services in this band already operating, or planned in the country and in neighboring countries, are adequately protected and this use does not violate the current ITU Radio Regulations. TVWS under some conditions locally could be used for mobile communication systems e.g. unlicensed Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) using cognitive radio. As TVWS are located in the UHF band, the use of TVWS can provide significantly better coverage and wall penetration inside buildings than 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz range Wi-Fi frequencies. The exact amount of available spectrum for TVWS at any location will be dependent upon each country national situation e.g. DTTB planning configuration, other services use in the band. In case of deploying Wi-Fi in the TVWS the interference impact of Wi-Fi on DTTB has to be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interference impact of Wi-Fi on DTTB. In this paper the interference occurring probability in DTTB receiver was evaluated by using Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte-Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT).

Potential Abuses to the ITU Radio Regulations: The Licensing of Small Satellites

ABSTRACT This article examines potential abuses to the ITU Radio Regulations by administrations and small satellites operators when it comes to frequency allocation. More specifically, it introduces the problematic nature of Article 4.4 of the Regulations and its potential misuse. This is being demonstrated by the example of the FCC's public notice for guidance on obtaining license for small satellites, which is in derogation of the Treaty, and the effects it has on the telecommunications world. The article also discusses possible solutions and measures that can be adopted to remedy the problem and stop any further abuse of the Regulations.

The current legal regime of the geostationary orbit and prospects for the future

The legal status of the geostationary orbit is defined by the 1967 UN Outer Space Treaty, which provides that space is “free for use by all countries”, and the ITU Convention and Radio Regulations, which give priority to existing satellite systems, thus arguably limiting the right of other countries to access. Thus arises a conflict between space powers, which favour pragmatic technical co-ordination through the ITU, and developing countries, which look to the United Nations for general political and legal principles based on the equality of all States. A process of compromise is underway in the ITU WARC-ORB conference. While the results of the 1985 session were encouraging, ongoing negotiations will be necessary, with compromises involving both general legal principles and pragmatic mechanisms for co-ordinating existing satellites. While the ITU will be the main negotiating forum, the UN can incorporate general principles into international space law. An Appendix contains the main provisions of international law relating to the orbit.

Interference Assessment for Siting Satellite TTC Station

The problem of mutual interference between Satellite Communication System especially Satellite Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) System and terrestrial Line-of-Sight (LOS) radio-relay system sharing the same frequency band is addressed here. The method of interference assessment based on ITU Radio Regulations and CCIR Recommendations is briefly described. The results of interference measurement conducted in hilly and urban region of northern India are given here. It is shown that the coordination distance as calculated in accordance with the theoretical model given ITU Radio Regulation can be reduced in practical cases, depending upon the local geographical conditions. The factors contributing to the deviations in measured results from interference values estimated based on the theoretical model are also discussed.

WARC-ORB(1) and the international regulation of satellite communications

A World Administrative Radio Conference has been convened by the International Telecommunication Union to resolve major policy issues in the international regulation of the use of the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) for radio services. The first session, WARC-ORB(1), met in Geneva in August/September 1985. Major changes were agreed for the regulation of the fixed satellite service, the main purposes of which are to guarantee access for all ITU member nations to the GSO in certain frequency bands and to stimulate the efficiency of use of other bands. Orbit-frequency allotment plans for the bands to which access is guaranteed are to be drawn up at the second session of the conference in 1988. In addition, WARC-ORB(1) agreed a number of technical parameters for feeder links to broadcasting satellites operating under plans drawn up for Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia by the WARC in 1977. Frequency plans for these feeders are also to be drawn up at the second session. The frequency plans for satellite broadcasting for the Americas drawn up by a regional conference in 1983 were approved and incorporated into the ITU Radio Regulations. Significant progress was also made in various other long-term problems of the broadcasting satellite service.

The Effect of WARC-79 on Efficient Use of the Geostationary Satellite Orbit

The Fixed-Satellite and Broadcasting-Satellite services will make heavy use of the geostationary satellite orbit, and efficient use of orbit is a matter of importance in both services. WARC-79 will have direct and indirect impact on orbit utilization efficiency in both services. Of the direct effects, the tightening of certain technical requirements in the ITU Radio Regulations and the designation of specific frequency bands for broadcasting satellite feeder links are the most important. Indirectly, however, it can be foreseen that the pressure for equitable access to the orbit for all countries, which found concrete expression in a resolution to hold a further WARC around 1984/1985, 1 will have a much greater effect on orbit utilization efficiency by providing a strong stimulus for improvement in network characteristics, particularly in the Fixed-Satellite service.

The Effect of WARC-79 on Efficient Use of the Geostationary Satellite Orbit

The Fixed-Satellite and Broadcasting-Satellite services will make heavy use of the geostationary satellite orbit, and efficient use of orbit is a matter of importance in both services. WARC-79 will have direct and indirect impact on orbit utilization efficiency in both services. Of the direct effects, the tightening of certain technical requirements in the ITU Radio Regulations and the designation of specific frequency bands for broadcasting satellite feeder links are the most important. Indirectly, however, it can be foreseen that the pressure for equitable access to the orbit for all countries, which found concrete expression in a resolution to hold a further WARC around 1984/1985, will have a much greater effect on orbit utilization efficiency by providing a strong stimulus for improvement in network characteristics, particularly in the Fixed-Satellite service.