IT Sphere Research Articles

Formation of leadership competences in the context of emergent development of the IT industry

The object of research is processes and approaches to the development of leadership competencies of personnel in IT organizations. The research is devoted to the analysis of the features of the formation of leadership competencies in the context of the emergent development of the IT industry. The work examines the evolution of concepts of corporate training and their adaptation to the specifics of the IT sphere, which is characterized by a high rate of technological changes and innovation. Traditional and innovative forms of personnel development are analyzed, with a special emphasis on their effectiveness in the context of the IT industry. A survey was conducted among employees of IT companies, which revealed high leadership potential and willingness to accept responsibility among industry specialists. At the same time, certain gaps in the development of certain competencies have been identified, in particular, regarding the ability to effectively delegate tasks and make risky decisions. The results of the study emphasize the need to adapt traditional leadership models to the unique requirements of the IT industry, with a focus on the development of technical competence, innovative thinking and adaptability. The paper offers recommendations for improving leadership development programs in IT companies. These recommendations include the implementation of flexible learning formats that combine online and offline components, as well as the use of modern technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, to develop leadership skills. Special attention is paid to the development of such competencies as managing virtual teams and cross-cultural leadership, which are becoming more and more relevant in the context of the globalization of the IT industry. The paper outlines directions for further research, in particular the study of the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the formation of leadership competencies in the IT sphere. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical value for the development of effective strategies for the development of leadership potential in IT companies, which will contribute to increasing their competitiveness on the global market.

Formation of the Scientific and Educational Landscape of the Digital Economy of the Countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union

The importance of creating and disseminating national digital terminology in the state language was noted. Problems in the field of language terminology in the IT sphere are considered. The impact of the digital transformation of the economy and the spread of English technical terms into the national language is described. A project has been proposed to create a dictionary of digital terms in the Kazakh language with the participation of international experts from the countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union with the aim of their possible harmonization and use of the online platform.

Digital technologies in additional professional education curricula as a mean for developing professional competencies in polytechnic university students

Digitalization of education plays an important role in the implementation of programs to train highly qualified personnel for the digital economy. The project “Digital departments”, implemented since 2022 at the intersection of additional education and information technologies within the framework of the national program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation”, creates a unique educational format, not only changing the organizational forms of training but also allowing the use of digital technologies as means of developing the vocational competencies of students. The article presents data on the first implementation results of the additional professional education program “Information technologies in design” at the “digital department” of Perm National Research Polytechnic University and aimed at training specialists in the field of industrial design. The digital technologies considered in the article act not only as tools in the operational activity of an industrial designer but also as means for the vocational development of special design thinking skills. The author’s teaching methods are of practical value for achieving the effect of “creativization” of design solutions developed by the program participants. It is proved that in such context, digital technologies contribute to the formation of students’ skills of creative actions carrying artistic, aesthetic, and economic value. The presented results may be of practical interest to heads of university design education, to teachers — researchers of the problems of digital transformation of engineering and graphic education, as well as methodologists and teachers­practitioners who provide training in the programs of higher and additional vocational education in the IT sphere.

The political economy of import substitution and Russian practice

The article analyzes the processes of import substitution in the high–tech segment of the economy of the Russian Federation - in the IT sphere. The purpose of the article is to explore the modern features of the Russian IT market of new trends. It is shown that import substitution can play an important role in stabilizing and balancing the market, which is confirmed by research by serious authors, including domestic ones, and the existing practice in the world – both developed and developing countries. The article shows that one of the directions of sanctions imposed by Western "partners" against the Russian Federation was the desire to undermine the domestic IT sector. For this purpose, in 2014–2023, almost all significant foreign actors left our country. However, the domestic IT market has shown growth 2 times higher than the global figure. This was facilitated by the general economic growth in the Russian Federation, the growth of state support for the industry, significant investments by domestic enterprises in the IT sector, as well as the need to ensure national technological sovereignty and general economic security. The author comes to the conclusion that the IT market in Russia has not only been preserved, but has also been further developed both in quantitative and qualitative parameters, which confirms, firstly, its resilience, and secondly, the presence in our country of technical, financial, qualification, scientific, innovative as well as infrastructural opportunities for its development. The policy and practice of import substitution played a crucial role in this.

Economic and legal aspects of the functioning of the IT sphere in the conditions of war

Economic and legal aspects of the functioning of the IT sphere in the conditions of war

Офисная среда и параметры профессионального опыта как предикторы профессионального выгорания у специалистов IT-индустрии

<p>The article is devoted to the study of the parameters of professional experience and subjectively perceived characteristics of the office environment influence on the development of IT specialists’ burnout. The sample included 192 IT specialists aged from 19 to 47 years (M<sub>age</sub>=29.76±5.15 years; 21.4% women) with work experience in the current company of 2.07±3.17 years. The level of professional burnout and its components (Exhaustion, Mental distance, Cognitive impairment, Emotional impairment and Secondary symptoms) were assessed using Burnout Assessment Tool adapted by N.I. Kolachev et al. (2019). Subjectively perceived qualities of the office environment were measured using a standardized questionnaire "People in the office" (M.V. Pavlova et al., 2023). It has been shown that the burnout components of representatives of the IT sphere are not sequential processes, but arise in a certain sequence. The duration of daily communication with colleagues and work experience in the organization have a direct positive effect (reduce) cognitive impairment and secondary symptoms, and age has an indirect effect in reducing emotional impairment and mental distance. The perception of the working environment as having a developed external infrastructure, stimulating internal communications and reflecting professional identity reduces the severity of emotional dysregulation, mental distance and secondary symptoms in IT specialists. And the convenience of the workplace reduces the severity of exhaustion and cognitive symptoms of burnout. The presence of subordinates moderates the designated connections more strongly than the work format. The study results can be used as recommendations when designing a salutogenic office environment that prevents the development of professional burnout among IT specialists.</p>

DETERMINING THE PLACE OF VALUE-DEONTOLOGICAL COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS FOR A MODERN IT SPECIALIST IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY AND LEGAL DOCUMENTS

The article analyzes the research of national and international normative legal documents for the purpose of determining the specifics of training IT specialists. The definition of the topic of values is singled out as one of the component requirements for professional training. The fundamental importance of the opportunity to provide educational means for personal and cultural development is emphasized. The implementation of such a task is related to the formation of axiological culture and deontological thinking.
 The results of the analysis of international legal acts and the confirmation of the trend of ethnoization of social life, the relevance of the formation of a deontological type of thinking during the professional training of future specialists, in particular in the IT sphere, are presented. It is emphasized that the purpose of our research is the analysis of national and international legal act on the issue of including the formation of axiological culture and deontological type of thinking during the training of specialists in the IT industry. This kind of analysis is reliably confirmed by scientific materials and modern researchers. It is fair to analyze the materials of the leading institutions of the IT sphere – the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Accreditation Committee of the European Network for Quality Assurance in Computer Education. The results obtained at this stage rightly confirm the basic thesis of our research: high-quality professional training of IT specialists is impossible without a formed axiological culture and deontological thinking.
 It was noted that in scientific practice, Ukrainian researchers also pay considerable attention to the development of the axiological component o training a high-quality, competitive IT specialist. A group of British and American researchers, as well as IT practitioners, revealed that the subject of studying human characteristic is necessary t achieve success in the IT field and business. The need to introduce a competency-based approach in the training of a future IT specialist is indicated. Therefore, the analysis of legal acts and researches of practitioners of the IT industry indicated the perspective of the introduction and development of the axiological component and the deontological component in the preparation of a high-quality IT specialist.

Reality as Technology, or Ontological Lexicon in Modern Processes Nomination

The study examines terminological nominations in the IT sphere in the Russian, which include lexicon denoting ontological concepts. The aim of the research is to identify a conceptual shift in the perception of reality, as explicit in new terminological nominations of the digital era (augmented reality, mixed reality, RR). Composite nominations with key nouns of ontological semantics were extracted from scientific and media discourse. Research methodology includes semantic and contextual analysis, interpretative analysis within the framework of the theory of linguistic conceptualization of the world. The following conclusions were drawn: the use of words of ontological semantics in IT technical terms reflects a technocentric view of objective reality, where its fundamentally significant role in human and societal organization is reimagined. The concept of “reality” is juxtaposed with the concept of “virtuality.” The “real reality” itself, designated as ‘RR’, is considered one of the components in the paradigm of immersive technologies. Semantic changes are evident in the adjective ‘realnyy’ [real]: in opposition to attributes like ‘virtualnyy’ [virtual], ‘onlayn’ [online], etc., it embodies a new semantic nuance ‘manifesting not in virtual space’, which becomes relevant in discussions about the role of digital technologies in life.

Responsible Innovations as Tools for the Management of Financial Risks to Projects of High-Tech Companies for Their Sustainable Development

This paper is devoted to the resolution of the problem of risk management in a high-risk market environment. The goal of this paper was to study the experience of and prospects for the use of responsible innovations as tools for managing the financial risks of high-tech companies’ projects for their sustainable development (using the example of companies in Russia’s IT sphere in 2022–2023). We used the SEM method to study the daily statistics of the Moscow Exchange in 2022–2023. As a result, we quantitatively measured the financial risks of Russian companies in the IT sphere in 2022–2023. The studied case experience of the IT sphere in 2022 confirmed that Russian high-tech companies actively implement responsible innovations based on ESG projects. Our main conclusion is that the financial risks of high-tech companies are reduced in the case of the implementation of responsible innovations. Therefore, it is advisable to implement responsible innovations for the sustainable development of high-tech companies in a high-risk market environment. The theoretical significance of our conclusions lies in the substantiation of the synergetic effect of financial risk management with the help of responsible innovations. The scientific novelty and contribution of this paper to the literature consist in its clarifying the sectorial (in the IT sphere) and market (in a high-risk market environment) specifics of managing the financial risks to companies. We also disclosed a poorly studied and largely unknown unique and leading experience of managing the financial risks of Russian high-tech companies in 2022–2023. The practical significance of our recommendations is that the compiled scenario can be used as a strategic benchmark for the most complete development of the potential of the sustainable development of Russian high-tech companies in 2024.

Young specialists on the labor market of information and computer technologies

Introduction. The situation on the labor market of IT specialists in Russia after 02.24.2022 was characterized by a sharp decrease in supply from employers and growth in the number of trainees in information and computer technology specialties. At the same time, salaries in the IT sector for most specialties decreased or slightly increased in comparison with inflation for the same period.Purpose setting. In the article on the basis of analytics of vacancies and salaries in the field of IT sphere the possibilities of occupation of positions in the field of software product development, their maintenance and IT processes management by graduates in the specialties of information and computer technologies are studied.Methodology and methods of the study. The median values of salaries in vacancies in various IT specialties are analyzed and compared with the current salaries of workers in the information sphere.Results. The tendencies of changes in salaries in IT sphere in comparison with employers» vacancies are revealed. The comparison of salaries in vacancies for graduates of universities and vocational training institutions and in offers for specialists with work experience is made.Conclusion. The most in-demand positions in the IT sphere for graduates of universities and vocational training institutions in the specialties of information and computer technologies have been identified.

The Task of Post-Editing Machine Translation for the Low-Resource Language

In recent years, machine translation has made significant advancements; however, its effectiveness can vary widely depending on the language pair. Languages with limited resources, such as Kazakh, Uzbek, Kalmyk, Tatar, and others, often encounter challenges in achieving high-quality machine translations. Kazakh is an agglutinative language with complex morphology, making it a low-resource language. This article addresses the task of post-editing machine translation for the Kazakh language. The research begins by discussing the history and evolution of machine translation and how it has developed to meet the unique needs of languages with limited resources. The research resulted in the development of a machine translation post-editing system. The system utilizes modern machine learning methods, starting with neural machine translation using the BRNN model in the initial post-editing stage. Subsequently, the transformer model is applied to further edit the text. Complex structural and grammatical forms are processed, and abbreviations are replaced. Practical experiments were conducted on various texts: news publications, legislative documents, IT sphere, etc. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of machine translation, shedding light on effective post-editing strategies to enhance translation quality, particularly in scenarios involving languages with limited resources such as Kazakh and Uzbek. The obtained results were tested and evaluated using specialized metrics—BLEU, TER, and WER.

Якість трудового життя молоді України в умовах трансформаційних змін

The aim of the article is to determine the directions, content and instruments for developing the quality of working life of young people in the context of transformational changes. The understanding of the concept of «youth», its age characteristics and approaches of different sciences are reflected. For instance, sociological science considers young people as a sociocultural group; political scientists consider young people to be an innovative resource for the development of society and the country, and psychologists argue that young people are a group with inherent psycho-physical features of growing up. The key components of the quality of life of modern youth are substantiated – it is proposed to include both objective (satisfaction of personal needs, biological and social factors) and subjective (satisfaction with one’s own working life) components. The youth legislation and the foundations of the State youth policy in our country are considered, which allows us to understand the level of development of relations between the State and society in terms of the impact on improving the quality of life of young workers in general and the quality of working life in particular. An analysis of the results of the survey on the problems of youth in modern conditions is carried out: the biggest problems were the lack of health and a decrease in the level of labor income. Income is the most effective instrument for the use of labor potential and, accordingly, a factor in providing opportunities for development and self-realization of a young person both in social and labor aspects. Among other problems, physical security and reduced opportunities for labor self-realization were also noted. The key trends in the labor market and transformations of social and labor relations under the influence of martial law are indicated, as young people are looking for work and act mostly in the same labor market as other categories of the population, and also are affected by general changes. On the basis of the considered statistical data and studies of Ukrainian scientists, it is found that there is a negative dynamics of the quality of working life of young people in most sectors of employment (with the exception of the IT sphere and some other areas of activity). Objective problems of the quality of working life of young people are: a decrease in the level of income, shadow employment, the inability to fully implement government measures to support young people due to martial law, and many others. Measures to stabilize the quality of working life of young people under martial law and its improvement in the post-war period of Ukraine’s recovery are proposed, the implementation of which is possible with the cooperation of the State, business, society and young workers.

Human dimension of Open Science and the challenges of AI technologies

Open Science as a major enterprise to enable a citizen science and AI technologies that can provide for the vast amounts of information to be digested by each human persons are argued to be connected to each other by revealing the possibility of the personalization of knowledge and the human dimension of science. The development of the IT sphere is shown to be the history of its personalization, which presents the challenges for handling the present-day AI technologies so that they would augment human labourers, and not replace them.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN IT-BUSINESS

Introduction. The article is devoted to topical issues of analysis, assessment and management of IT-risks in the business environment. The application of appropriate technologies enables companies to identify, assess and minimize risks in the decision-making process. Such technologies may include data analysis, risk modeling, and simulation, as well as risk management strategies. Data analysis can help businesses to identify trends and predict possible risks based on previous data. Risk modelling and simulations can help companies to estimate the possibilities that certain risks will become a reality and what are the consequences. For effective business-risk management, it is also necessary to understand what risks types exist. Risks can be associated with changes in management decisions, financial, personnel and infrastructure risks, etc. An important aspect of risk management is the provision of security-related risks, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the context of growing cyber threats and other forms of cybercrimes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the types, methods of risk research in the IT-business, their management and the justification of ways and measures to prevent and avoid them. Results. The types of IT risks are considered, the activities of successful companies in the IT sphere are studied in order to identify tools for influencing the magnitude of risk. The technologies of analysis, evaluation, management of business risks for systematization and development of measures for their prevention and avoidance are studied. The theoretical and practical significance is manifested in the fact that risk analysis in the management of business processes allows enterprises to avoid negative consequences for business and increase the efficiency of financial and economic activities. The factors influencing risks in business are substantiated, an assessment of potential security threats that may arise in the process of working with IT systems is carried out. Conclusions. The conducted analysis of the activities of successful IT companies shows that reducing the level of risk can be achieved with the help of the introduction of technologies, improvement of the company's products/services, the use of insurance poles, the implementation of financial measures, and other tools. Effective risk management at the enterprise is the key to its successful operation.

Стратегії релокації українських high-tech підприємств під час війни

The full-scale war gave impetus to significant migration trends that caused dramatic changes in Ukraine’s economy. Such trends have spread not only to people from the temporarily occupied territories, territories where active hostilities are taking place and there is a threat of shelling, but also intensified the relocation of various enterprises. There was a need to quickly move the assets of enterprises, employees and their families. The nature of such relocation and approaches to its implementation were different, supported by the authorities of Ukraine and other host countries, and depended mainly on the financial capacity of entrepreneurs, readiness to change location and a set of subjective factors, including the type of economic activity. Thus, the article is devoted to the study of the processes of relocation of Ukrainian high-tech companies, most of which are traditionally concentrated in the IT sector. The aim of the article is to study the strategies of relocation of Ukrainian high-tech enterprises during the wartime, to determine the factors influencing the adoption and implementation of decisions on relocation in critical conditions and conditions of uncertainty. The positive trends in the development of the domestic IT sphere before the full-scale invasion are analyzed, including entering the international arena as an outsourcer for Western countries. New challenges, and therefore new opportunities for the development of technologies and the high-tech industry caused by the war, are considered. The concept of relocation, its types and levels are identified. The main difficulties and efficiency of relocation of IT firms are defined, which depend on taking into account localization, the amount of costs, involvement of personnel, customers and partners, time and effort for a relocation, as well as on the reputation of firms and opportunities for their development. Each relocation is a unique economic and social phenomenon, and the impact on an IT firm may vary depending on the specific circumstances. It is quite important to plan and coordinate relocation processes to maximize benefits and reduce possible negative consequences. There is a difference in planning, coordinating, and financing the relocation process between large and small IT companies. The factors influencing the decision-making on relocation are classified. The development and implementation of relocation strategies took various forms. IT companies have demonstrated high adaptability and independence of action in the face of uncertainty and threats. The article conducts a SWOT analysis of Ukrainian high-tech enterprises, proposes typical scenarios for the development of events during relocation in the conditions of wartime in the form of a matrix of strategies. The relocation of Ukrainian IT companies took place on a significant scale, in some cases these processes began to be planned and even implemented even before the full-scale invasion for security reasons. The regional model of relocation was marked by the presence of powerful regional IT ecosystems, a focus on previous business contacts and family ties, relocation mainly to large cities, and the activities of organizations to support Ukrainian businesses during relocation within the borders of Ukraine and abroad.

РОЗВИТОК HR-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В ІТ-СФЕРІ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ

The article examines the issue of identifying the features and trends of HR-management development in the IT sphere. It is determined that the domestic industry of information technologies occupies a leading place in the world and is one of the most promising and innovative industries of the modern economy of Ukraine. Analysed dynamics of export of the domestic IT industry. It is determined that since the IT market of Ukraine in recent years has surpassed other sectors of the economy in terms of growth, its development is quite relevant. The specifics and features of the activities of domestic IT companies in the Ukrainian and world IT markets were considered. The role of HR-management in the activities of domestic IT companies is defined and the need for its development is described as a guarantee of improving the performance of IT companies. It is determined that HR-specialists have a direct influence on almost every aspect of the IT company's activity, which involves a clear understanding of all the processes that occur in the company. The competences of HR-managers in IT companies were considered. The main positions of HR-specialists within the general (HR-manager) are defined according to their purpose and functions (HR recruiter, HR-People Partner, Human Resource Management Partner, Staff Inspector). Characterized the content of each of the functions. The main tasks, functions and processes performed by HR managers in the IT company are identified. The application of specialized systems Human Resource Management (HRM) in HR-management of IT companies is considered. The specificity of IT-business is considered, which is that the main capital of IT companies are highly qualified specialists. Identified problems faced by IT companies in the process of HR-management, the main of which is the need for constant hiring of IT specialists, and their development according to the specifics of projects that are performed or services provided by IT-companies. Identified risks related to HR management and their impact on the performance of IT companies. It considered the need for IT companies to formulate effective HR-policy on personnel in order to occupy leading positions in the IT market and to attract and retain highly qualified and talented employees.

Terminological aspects of translation in the IT sphere

The article deals with the peculiarities of translation of information technology terminology in modern English. The field of scientific interest of this study concerns the theory of translation. The article aims at providing essential information about an area of study of translation and wordformation of IT terms, introducing word-formative processes which can cause a rise of neologism and stating some examples of neologism which occur in the current English language. The objective of this article is to study the peculiarities of translation of IT terminology from English into Ukrainian, to identify key problems and methods of their solution. The ways of reproducing terms in translation are determined. The ways of translating IT terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of terminology, in particular the concepts of «term» and «terminological system», were thoroughly studied. Their semantic and structural characteristics were analyzed, which allowed us to better understand the nature and functioning of terms in the language system. Various methods of forming computer vocabulary, such as abbreviation, contamination, reversion, conversion, and the formation of affixed neologisms, were also considered. Several methods of translating complex terms, identified as the most productive are studied. The most effective methods of translating complex terms are considered as: preserving the structure of the original, modifying the structure of the original, transcoding, which includes transcription or transliteration. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of a systematic approach to the translation of IT terminology, improving translation methods in view of current trends in the development of information technology.

ПРАВОВА СЕМАНТИКА ПОНЯТТЯ “ЦИФРОВЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ”

Background. The article conducts scientific exploration of the legal foundations of the world of the digital environment as a certain system of interconnections of its elements. Methods. Problems of a methodological nature are raised, in particular, issues of legal semantics of the digital environment. The questions of the legal nature of the digital environment and its components are touched upon. Results. The appeal to theoretical problems of the concept of the digital environment is caused by the desire to explore the direction in which modern jurisprudence is developing on the way of regulating modern relations in the IT sphere. The emphasis is on the methodology for defining the concept of the digital environment. Issues of human interaction with elements of the digital environment and legal aspects of regulation of private legal relations related to the circulation of digital things and the provision of digital services are disclosed. Сonclusions. The concept of "environment" is defined in its objective and subjective sense. The formation of the digital environment is proposed to be considered according to the three-level criterion: pre-convention, convention, post-convention. Analyzing the elements of the digital environment, it is indicated that not only digital things, but also certain technological systems are its components. It is proposed to consider the elements of the digital environment in their narrow and broad sense. The article provides the author's definition of the concept of "digital environment".

MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION PROCESS IN THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF IT SPHERE ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the priority of increasing the management efficiency of innovative process of IT sphere as a factor contributing to the Ukraine’s economic growth taking into account the current opportunities and limitations.The study substantiated that maintaining a competitive advantage in the innovation space through the development of digitalization processes in Ukraine requires continuous improvement of the management of the innovative process in the IT sphere, and increasing the efficiency of implementing new technical, organizational and marketing solutions. It is shown that under the influence of an unstable external environment, there is a need to develop and implement a management system that would provide an opportunity to obtain competitive advantages in the IT sphere and maintain a competitive position of the Ukrainian IT business in the market. The priority of development is long-term growth, the driving force of development is innovation and modern technologies, as well as highly qualified human and institutional capital. At the same time, traditional factors of production (land, natural resources, labour) are losing their importance. The basic priorities of managing the innovation development of the IT sphere have been determined. The implementation of an innovation policy in the IT sector of Ukraine, based on the current opportunities and constraints, will ensure a systematic and sustainable increase in the efficiency of innovative development in this area and will contribute to the increase of the national economy of Ukraine.The results of the study should be implemented for the development of the theory and methodology of innovative development at the macro- and meso-levels, as well as in stimulating model of innovative process in Ukraine based on the status of its leading economic sectors, in particular, the IT sphere.

DİJİTAL WEB 3.0 ORTAMINDA GERİLLA PAZARLAMA

The Semantic Internet or Web 3.0 offers increasing access to - popularly called open source programs. At the same time, the digital environment has become an unavoidable area of marketing activity, in many segments more important than the traditional analog environment.
 At the time of Web 1.0 web programmers struggled with extremely complicated computer languages (Basic, Cobalt...), Web 2.0 made the work of computer scientists easier because advanced computer languages (CSS, HTML...) were used for programming and coding; while the current Web 3.0 with semantic technologies through “open source” tools, made it possible for wide use. This change allows the digital marketer to produce web media and designs their content independently. Our research, experimenting in the controlled conditions of the semantic internet, which refers to Poper's research method “trial and error” (Poper, 1997: 157), gave a positive answer to the question of whether the currently available open source tools can be used without a special IT prior knowledge in creating content for digital guerrilla marketing in a way to successfully produce written and design content as part of a digital marketing campaign.
 The research formulated a new terms: Designer of text and visual and Producer web media. They can “guerrilla free” (or very cheap) create media on the Internet and make design content independently, without special IT knowledge. The terms was imposed as a response to today's ubiquitous “interactive image” - the combination of traditional and digital media in the global IT sphere. We also introduced the new term - web station. It is a station on the Internet where the user in multitasking consumes a web site with several scripts and applications as well, for all available digital devices. The research is intended for communicators, economists and other digital marketer as a practical aspect of independent action in a specific marketing campaign.