Issue Of Youth Unemployment Research Articles

Navigating the Job-Seeking Journey: Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Employment Support in Kashmir

The issue of youth unemployment is a global concern, with active initiatives, policies, and technologies in place to support employment seekers. Despite these efforts, youth unemployment in various regions is attributed to the complex challenges that impede access to resources, particularly in contexts characterized by socio-political unrest. To understand the use of job-seeking resources in such a context, we situate our work in the region of Jammu & Kashmir, which has a long-standing history of socio-political conflict ongoing for more than three decades. For this work, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with participants from Kashmir to understand their current job-seeking practices and the challenges they encounter during the entire process. Our findings present the systemic infrastructural challenges the youths face due to the ongoing crisis. Analyzing the youths' workarounds to mitigate these challenges, we discuss how we might leverage these workarounds into designing systems while navigating through the contextual complexities. We discuss the challenges of designing in the context and provide design recommendations to support job seekers.

Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy.

In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0–53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China’s unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.

The Reality of Youth Unemployment and Unsuitable Development Models in the Global South: Evidence from Morocco

This article draws on the existing literature to critically analyse the issue of youth unemployment in Morocco. The author argues that youth unemployment policy has to be understood in the context of neoliberalism and its austerity policies, as youth unemployment can never be overcome while the state keeps decreasing public expenditure and privatising public resources. And more importantly, it is the World Bank and other international development agencies that design and control models of development, establishing rankings, metrics, norms, and best practices of development in Morocco. They look at the Global South through their eyes rather than through local eyes. These models, unsuitable for the realities of the Global South, have always resulted in a distorted development model, due to the failure to take into consideration the conditions of the Global South's societies, cultures, and history.

The Impact of Youth Unemployment on the Zambian Economy

This research looks at the issue of youth unemployment and how this affects the Zambian economy. The paper focuses on examining how the productive age in Zambia has been disadvantaged by the introduction of some regulations and policies. The paper brings into perspective the shrinking employment opportunities for the youth and how this effects productivity in key economic sectors such as mining, agriculture and the private sector. The findings indicate that the increase in the pensionable age disadvantages the youth and further increases the unemployment rate for the youth and women. The findings have also brought out the challenges that are faced by the unemployed youth and how they have been forced to engage in crime and political violence in order for them to make a living. The youth in Zambia represent 60% of the total employable age yet instead of being in well-paying and productive jobs; they are involved in crime, prostitution, drug abuse and alcohol abuse. The research outcomes also indicate that the definitions of a youth in the Zambian youth policy and the definitions of a youth by the United Nations are different and this may pose a challenge in terms of statistics and planning purposes. The paper takes a secondary research approach by reviewing research findings that have been drawn from analysing the different opinions, facts and findings from researchers on the topic of youth unemployment and government policies and laws on youth employment. Indicators from the findings are that youth unemployment is a global problem, which affects even rich countries such as the UK that has a huge GDP than that of Zambia. The conclusion in the paper is that there is a direct connection between youth unemployment and economic growth and that governments must ensure that they put youth employment at the centre of national economic planning. Keywords: unemployment, youth, government, economy, policy, labour, productivity DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-6-09 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

The Relationship of Economic Growth with Employment, Unemployment and Youth Unemployment in the Balkan Countries : An Empirical Analysis

High unemployment and deterioration of employment conditions are considered as the main problems of labour markets in the world economy. The issue of youth unemployment, which has been frequently discussed recently, is also a central labour market problem. Today, many developed and developing countries are experiencing these problems. The situation in the Balkan countries is not different. International economic reports show that many of Balkan youths face unemployment problem and this results in young people migrating from their countries. In this context, the aim of the study is to research the relationship of economic growth with employment, unemployment and youth unemployment by considering the seven Balkan countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia). In the study, 1996-2017 period data was used and the bootstrap panel Granger causality test proposed by Konya (2006) has been chosen as the econometric method. The findings of the analysis indicate that the economic growth is related with employment, unemployment and youth unemployment in the mentioned Balkan countries.

The Role of the Micro Finance System in the Issue of Youth Unemployment

The Role of the Micro Finance System in the Issue of Youth Unemployment

ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE: IMPLICATIONS FROM USER NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR e- LEARNING PLATFORM YEU

Long- term unemployment doubled in Europe between 2007 - 14 despite the recent recovery which is slowly translating into more jobs . The effects are felt severely by youth ; t he longer they remain unemployed, the more difficult it is for them to get hired again. As a method t o cope with youth unemployment , the EU ’s Leonardo Programme has been fundi ng projects intended to enhance the entrepreneurship skills of young people. YENTELS ( Young European Entrepreneurs E - Learning Suite) and YEU (Youth Enterprise and Unemployment) projects are examples of such platforms that provide online resources for enterprising. The e - learning platform , including a serious game, dev eloped during YEU project paid close attention to young people who are not employed, in education or training. This study aims to report the process and results of the user needs analysis conducted for the YEU e - learning platform in order to tackle the issue of youth unem ployment by incorporating the viewpoints and needs of multiple stakeholders in the context of entrepreneurship. By means of p rimary and secondary research methods , feedback was obtained from a total of approximately 40 stakeholders and 900 young people across Europe. A range of quantitative and qualitative research findings were identifie d in the areas of youth un employment , entrepreneurship skills and policy making , with genera l observations and experiences also recorded by the project partners from seven countries. The conclusions of the analysis present valuable implications in the areas of European policies , young people’s employment, and business start - up issues . The s tudy also provides recommendations at a general level to improve the employability of young people .

Non-formal Learning And The Acquisition Of Skills – How Does The EU Support Youth Employment?

In recent years the issue of youth unemployment has been identified as one of the most pressing for young people, who are affected particularly hard by the economic crisis in the European Union. In response, the EU institutions have designed and introduced a complex mix of political instruments, agencies, programmes and studies that are supposed to establish a complementary and systemic approach to education and youth policies. Youth policy, as a socioeconomic field of EU political intervention began in 2014 to be subject to a paradigm of employability and “the economy of fighting the crisis”, including issues such as non-formal and informal learning and youth work outside of schooling systems. Thus the EU policy in question has significantly shifted from “personal and cultural development, and inspiring a sense of active citizenship among young people,” as it was formulated in the Youth in Action Programme 2006-2013, towards “the acquisition of professional skills of youth workers, validation systems of non-formal learning, and greater complementarities with formal education and training”, as it is formulated in the Youth Sector of the EU programme for Education - Erasmus+ 2014-2020. The objective of this article is to provide a comparative insight into the context that frames the design of EU policies aimed at mitigating the phenomenon of unemployment among young people, and to show how this has changed in light of the new EU programming period.

The Introduction of Youth Wage Subsidy under the Employment Tax Incentive Act, 26 of 2013 and Job Seekers’ Grant

There is chronic youth unemployment in South Africa. The situation is appalling and the youth are restless. Government has come up with various policies interventions to address the problem and create jobs. But each policy discussion to make this happen has been met with stiff oppositions from different stakeholders. For instance, a leading trade union in South Africa has vehemently opposed wage subsidies being proposed by the government. The ruling party has intervened by proposing job seekers’ grants. The concern is that while different stakeholders are jostling for recognition regarding the issue of youth unemployment, the youths are the hardest hit. The situation is becoming unbearable because those who are supposedly employed are losing their jobs due to various strike actions and economic meltdown. This article therefore, makes a modest attempt to examine the two concepts of wage subsidies and jobseekers’ grants. What they stand for and what they set out to achieve. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n2p779

Youth Opportunity: Rethinking the Next Generation

challenges and opportunities that have ultimately defined it. In the early 1900s, it was the emergence of industry, which enabled young people to rise above their economic circumstances in ways their parents could not. Generations raised in times of war developed much different values and worldviews than those raised in more peaceful eras. For the current generation of young people, the defining characteristic may be the rampant unemployment that has spread across the globe. True, the 2008 financial collapse created employment struggles for all generations, but none more so than youth. According to The Economist, nearly a quarter of the world’s youth are currently unemployed and not in school or training. In Africa, young people make up more than 80 percent of the unemployed population; in Greece and Spain, unemployment among people age 25-24 surpassed 50 percent in 2013; and in the United States, the youth unemployment rate is more than twice the national average. While the issue of youth unemployment is universal, the drivers of this trend are unique to each region. In the United States, six million young people are unable to find jobs, whether a high school student who cannot find afterschool work or a college graduate who must settle for an unpaid internship. In Africa, the problem takes on a much different texture: the continent’s bulging youth population has outpaced job creation, and longer life expectancy means workers are remaining in the workforce much longer than before, resulting in fewer opportunities for youth to enter the workforce. Despite economic gains in South Asia, nearly one in three young person is out of work, due to gender inequities, cultural norms, and a com-

MEASURES FACILITATING REDUCTION OF ACADEMIC YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND TRANSFER FROM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TO LABOUR MARKET (LITHUANIAN CASE)

The issue of youth unemployment is one of the most often addressed topics in the political and scientific contexts. The situation in the labour market during recent years shows the increase in youth unemployment above the general level; however, it varies in different regions of the world. National and the EU levels of youth unemployment recently became unacceptably high, and the increase in the long-term youth unemployment causes major concern. In Lithuania, the issue of the integration of youth into the labour market has been analysed since the restoration of independence, while the deterioration of the labour market condition and the unemployment rate increases from year to year. However, youth unemployment remains a pressing concern, and its rate especially grew during the time of economic recession: in 2011 every tenth individual aged 15 to 24 was unemployed. On the basis of the analysis of the issue of Lithuanian academic youth unemployment, it was established that a certain part of young people fail to get a foothold in the labour market as a result of low qualifications and limited work experience. The article analyses the dynamics of youth unemployment and aims at finding active labour market measures that may facilitate the transfer of academic youth from educational institutions to the labour market, thus reducing their unemployment rate. Research objective: to distinguish the measures facilitating reduction of academic youth unemployment and transfer from educational institutions to the labour market.

Use of Career Education and Occupation Information Services in Boosting Enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education Programs in Nigeria

The major thrust of technical and vocational education (TVE) worldwide is to address issues of youth unemployment, poverty and international competitiveness in skills development towards current and projected opportunities and challenges. The paper posits that despite the evidence of numerous reforms in vocational and technical education programs over the years, they still remain greatly detested by students and parents in Nigeria as evidenced in low enrolment when compared with sciences, engineering, banking and finance, and medicine just to mention but a few. This may be because of lack of understanding of the importance, scope and content of the program or lack of occupational information. Some wrongly view technical and vocational education programs as education for the handicapped or education for those who cannot cope with the sciences and social sciences. This paper therefore, examines the factors responsible for low enrolment into technical and vocational education programs, its implications for Nigeria and suggests how career education and effective occupational information service can help to stem this trend. It is recommended that career education should be used to create the necessary career awareness and occupation information made readily to students to enable them make informed career choices.

Youth Unemployment in Romania and Measures to Combat It

The objective of our paper is to highlight and analyse important aspects related to the youth unemployment in Romania and the measures to combat it. It starts by pointing out the challenge for the labour market represented by the issue of youth unemployment. It continues with a presentation of some of the most important Romanian labour market institutions and their roles. It then focuses on the youth unemployment in Romania and the measures to combat it. We conclude that the youth unemployment in Romania represents a major challenge for the Romanian labour market and that the measures to combat it, although diverse, must improve their efficiency.

Labor Market Dynamics in Tunisia: The Issue of Youth Unemployment

This paper analyzes the dynamics of the youth labor market in Tunisia using unique labor force survey data from 2005 to 2007 that include a longitudinal component. We show that sustained economic growth can reduce the youth unemployment rate by 15 percentage points over the next few years. Tourism is the sector with the highest potential to create jobs for the youth. Yet, the public sector remains the main provider of employment for the graduates, in particular for women. In the face of high turnover in the private sector, young graduates appear to be willing to experience long unemployment spells as they queue for high skill jobs in the public administration.

Labor Market Dynamics in Tunisia: The Issue of Youth Unemployment

This paper analyzes the dynamics of the youth labor market in Tunisia using unique labor force survey data from 2005 to 2007 that include a longitudinal component. It first shows that sustained economic growth will reduce youth unemployment over the next few years. Second, forecasts indicate that the growth of private sector services has the highest potential to reduce youth unemployment. Third, the analysis of labor market characteristics reveals that young graduates experience long unemployment as they cue for high-skill jobs. Moreover, the public sector remains the main provider of employment opportunities for many graduates, in particular for women.

Haciendo nada: reflexiones en torno a las políticas de desempleo juvenil

El artículo reflexiona en torno al tema del desempleo juvenil y repasa algunas políticas para enfrentar el problema. Se afirma que, pese a las medidas tomadas, en muchos países el desempleo de los jóvenes ha seguido en aumento y se examinan las hipótesis que lo explican. Asimismo, se proponen algunas líneas como el apoyo a la inserción al primer empleo, a la empleabilidad, al emprendimiento y a grupos específicos especialmente vulnerables como es el caso de mujeres, discapacitados y desertores del sistema escolar. Finalmente, se rescatan experiencias internacionales exitosas y se señalan desafíos para abordar el desempleo juvenil en Chile.

Creative Networks in Regional Australia

Much recent academic and public discourse has centred on the fate of non-metropolitan Australia under successive federal neoliberal reform agendas. This paper discusses creative networks in non-metropolitan areas in light of this, with a focus on issues of youth unemployment and out-migration. First, it draws on research on creative industry development on the New South Wales Far North Coast to assess the efficacy of creative networks as a source of new job growth in rural areas. Second, and more broadly, the paper discusses the North Coast Entertainment Industry Association (NCEIA), a nascent creative network in the region. Several observations are drawn from its experiences. Creative networks in non-metropolitan areas face problems of informal and itinerant membership, and anti-socialisation attitudes, Yet they appear to have a substantial role in improving the conditions of viability for vulnerable cultural producers. When conceived as part of interventionist strategies to promote youth employment and to stem the youth exodus from rural areas, they may also have sociodemographic implications beyond the scope of their original intent.

Alternatives for a national data system on elementary and secondary education: A Canadian viewpoint

The discussion papers Alternatives for a National Data System on Elementary and Secondary Education and the Synthesis of Invited Papers may well strike a resonant chord when read by users of Canadian statistics on education. Although there are significant differences between the education systems of the United States and Canada, the authors’ assessment concerning the increasing number of constituencies requiring statistical information on the education system is applicable to Canada as well. These demands are placing increased pressure on all information systems, whether national, provincial or local for more and better information to support policy development and program management. Users have indicated the need for new information in a number of areas, including: more comprehensive information on the education process; measures of outcomes of schooling (for example, there is current interest in the issue of youth unemployment and consequently, the dynamics of the individual’s transition from school to the work place); better information on costs of schooling by level and function; information on adult education which can be analyzed in the context of “a life long learning model of education”. More generally, data users are demanding improved timeliness and more value added to disseminated information through analysis and summary measures. Many have indicated that the presentation of data alone is insufficient; analytic interpretation and profiles which highlight the most important features of the data base are desired. In Canada, the current Education Statistics program draws a major portion of its information from extracts and aggregations of existing school administrative records. The latter source is supplemented by information from the Canadian Census, conducted each five years, and from the monthly Labour Force Survey (the latter being similar to the monthly Current Population Survey of the United States). As with any statistical information derived from administrative records, school records have both strengths and weaknesses. The major positive attribute is the limited respondent burden that the collection process entails (as the information has been collected for administrative purposes in any case). This advantage, however, is offset in many instances by the limited amount of contextual material that these records contain (for example, the limited socio-demographic information contained in administrative microrecords pertaining to individuals), by inter-

A discriminant analysis of factors affecting the employment of urban youth

While the issue of youth unemployment has received a great deal of attention by policy makers, there has been little empirical research on factors which affect the demand for young workers at the micro level of actual labour market settings. This paper offers some evidence on entry level wages, unskilled job characteristics, and recruitment practices as factors affecting the employment of urban youth. A bivariate discriminant analysis is applied to survey data on employers located in five, centralized urban labour markets and shown that firm size, turnover, number of unskilled job slots, school referrals and employee–friend referrals are significant, differentiating factors between firms who have young workers on their payroll and firms who do not employ youth. These differentiating factors are related to the structure of youth labour markets.