National Issues Research Articles

A Historical Analysis of Conflict, Decline, and Renewal

Abstract: Over the past five decades, the concept of civilization has been widely discussed among scholars, policy makers, and the general public. The academic community has published a great deal of research on topics such as the clash, decline, collapse and revival of civilizations. Many scholars believe that the interaction and conflict between different civilizations are important factors in the course of human history. At the same time, governments are faced with the challenges posed by the clash of civilizations over ethnic, regional and national issues, which often lead to social unrest and political instability. For most people, their standard of living, economic status, and level of education are greatly affected by the civilization in which they live. The study of civilization should not only be limited to specific people, times or places, but should also be examined in the broader historical process. This paper proposes that a more realistic and objective perspective can be obtained only through the in-depth study of the historical process of civilization.

Building a Consortium to Address Graduate Nursing Student Academic Preparedness.

The demand for nurses in advanced practice roles is expected to grow by 38% by 2032. The nationwide faculty shortage is also a concern, as it correlates to the nursing shortage. Successful retention strategies for graduate nursing students can strengthen the rising demand of specialized nursing roles. The transition from clinical practice to the graduate student environment can be daunting to some practicing nurses who may struggle with program completion. It is well documented that graduate nursing students lack academic preparation for the rigorous scholarly work. A national onboarding consortium of graduate nursing faculty was formed to meet regularly and utilize a model onboarding program to address graduate nursing students' academic preparedness. Structured onboarding programs show promising results. The programs were easily adopted to support students from various backgrounds and regions within the United States. Benefits of forming a consortium to address a national issue were evident.

Approaches of the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky to the National and Confessional Issues at the Beginning of the 20th Century

The article examines the approaches of the Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky to the national and confessional issues at the beginning of the 20th century. Sheptytsky’s views are placed in the context of the views of his contemporaries, both collaborators and figures who had a different national and/or confessional option. Identified through the analysis of the texts of Metropolitan Andrey set of his views on the Christian world and its constituent confessions (Catholics of various rites, Orthodox, especially Russian Orthodox and Old Believers, Protestants) is presented. Certain features of Christian universalism in Sheptytsky’s interpretation are revealed, including the concept of «Christian people» as one of the occurrences of the Christian world at the national level. A conclusion about the most important priority in the activities of Metropolitan Andrey is drawn. It is concluded that the most important priority in the activities of Metropolitan Andrey was the desire to unite all Christians. He had an idea of how this process might develop. The main role was assigned to the Russian Orthodox Church, which, in his opinion, should have realized its unity with the Catholic Church.

Prevention of corruption in the acts of the national police of Ukraine: administrative and legal dimension

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the existing issue of preventing corruption among police officers is not only a problem of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, but also a national issue, in particular. The purpose of the article is to analyze the typology of corruption in the bodies of the National Police of Ukraine. In the context of scientific intelligence, a number of general scientific and sectoral methods are applied, in particular, the method of analysis, synthesis, historical and logical, dialectical, historical and synergistic, systemic methods. It is noted that corruption in police bodies is a phenomenon that poses a risk not only to established members of the structural divisions of law enforcement agencies, but also to one that, in its individual content, exerts a negative influence on the breakdown of social relations, the breakdown of the state, which presents individual rights as such on the dominance of the doctrines of the rule of law, equality of all before the law, which are characteristic of a democratic legal state. The article states that the prevention of corruption in the ranks of law enforcement officers is a component of the state’s general anti-corruption policy, which correlates with the state’s intentions to prevent this negative phenomenon, includes its own strategy for the development of public and legal relations regarding the neutralization or localization of the actions of officials of the NP of Ukraine (factors ) corruption and consequential influence with the support of the congruence of the legal toolkit in order to achieve the set goal, which is established in the field of implementation of the tasks set before it by the National Police of Ukraine. At the same time, an important factor in preventing corruption offenses among police officers is the growth of their civic consciousness. Attention was drawn to the fact that corruption offenses among police officers are an extremely dangerous phenomenon, which, unfortunately, is characteristic of foreign police officers as well. It is noted that corruption can be overcome under circumstances when each police officer will feel a direct responsibility for the fulfillment of a common desire - the formation of a police that is actually independent from corruption. It is noted that a significant number of foreign countries managed to form a modern effective mechanism for preventing corruption offenses among police officers. Considering the European choice of our state, there is a definite need to develop and implement an innovative anti­corruption policy taking into account the positive factors of the existing international experience.

Penerapan Metode Case-Based Reasoning pada Website SORTING (Sorong Atasi Stunting) Sebagai Implementasi Smart City (Studi Kasus: Distrik Sorong Timur)

Stunting is one of the issues designated as a national priority issue at this time. Determining this priority issue is to accelerate the level of achievement of national development goals. East Sorong District, Sorong City, Southwest Papua Province is one of the focus location with a high prevalence rate. This study aims to develop an information technology called SORTING (Sorong Atasi Stunting) using the case-based reasoning method. This research produces a system that can be accessed from anywhere and at any time, which can be used by residents, especially mothers, to consult regarding their baby's growth problems. SORTING was developed using the expertise of nutritionists who usually deal with stunting problems. SORTING resulted in several conclusions that the application expert system can diagnose stunting by using the case-based reasoning method as an engineering approach to the knowledge base; The application of the SORTING expert system can provide an overview of stunting including the results of the percentage of diagnoses, factors and recommendations for solutions that must be taken; The application of the SORTING expert system can be used as a second alternative to consult with experts in diagnosing stunting. And it can also be an alarm to continue consulting with experts directly; The application of the SORTING expert system can increase knowledge about stunting. The researchers hope that SORTING can assist the government in the National Action Plan for Stunting Management which emphasizes reducing stunting rates and can help the community recognize stunting diseases early and prevent them.

When young muslims meets online lending: Examining legal awareness and assessment of lending platforms

This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the perspectives of young Muslims on online lending platforms. The article explores young Muslims' understanding of online lending based on Sharia principles and their perceptions of the ethical and legal dilemmas associated with online lending, which are closely linked to their religious and social knowledge. This study starts from the assumption that online lending involves various issues intricately connected to recent legal and financial advancements. Online lending encompasses not only economic and financial matters but also ethical, moral, and legal issues. The research findings indicate that the understanding of Muslim youth regarding the legal aspects of online lending in the study area is quite high. Data shows that 62% of the Muslim youth (student) respondents are knowledgeable about both Sharia compliance and national legal issues concerning online lending. However, the data also reveals that only approximately 60% of the respondents know how to handle legal issues involving online lending platforms. This implies that respondents need further education and information on these matters. Following data collection, we provided socialization and information on legal awareness and the evaluation of online lending platforms, which improved their understanding. The findings of this study highlight several potential directions for future research, such as assessing the effectiveness of legal awareness programs for digital financial services and P2P lending, and creating more effective methods for legal education. Additionally, future studies should expand to include different cities and regions and a broader range of respondents to achieve a deeper understanding of online lending and legal awareness.

THEORY OF CONFLICTS-MICROTHEORIES

Every social system has had its conflicts. We have had conflicts over the division of empires based on religious or cultural orientation, for example the Byzantine Empire of the people have split into two denominations, the ruling system shutdown (system of Westphalia) or state of order of Westphalia. From this period, the world begins to be accompanied by state colonization. Conflicts can be regional, global, state, interstate and beyond. The crisis of Europe is more interesting than the other crisis that has entire realistic reforms after the Otto-monopoly bourgeois liberalization. East crisis was external and internal crisis, duplication of the aristocracy of the Ottoman Empire. We have a crisis or conflict of the First World War. The First World War created the system of Versailles. The Versailles system consists of the following problems: 1. The Ottoman Empire dissolved; 2. Formation of new states The cause of the First World War was Germany. - Then there is the crisis of the League of Nations (state problem solving) - Conflict of WWII; (World War II) There are three types of crises: 1. Fascism; 2. Bolshevism; and 3. Liberal Democracy. We are forming allies, and then we had the Cold War conflict. Cold War East-West conflict (ideological, military and economic change). The world is a crisis of the international order. The Russian Federation 20 years recycles apparent internal and external conflicts. Developed countries use the resources of underdeveloped countries. -World of today faces social crisis, where social crisis has no limit. Social crises coming from abuses by big capital capitalism. - The world is open in the technical aspect, technology, internet, information, where these phenomena are the social crises. Conflicts are tensions that carry certain problems of an old order to a new social order. Conflicts in the former Yugoslavia was born as neglecting the national issue (ethnic crisis.)

Implementation of Gender Equality Policy at Village Community Empowerment Office, Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (PMDPPKBPPPA) in Barru Regency

Gender inequality has long been a national issue whose handling requires awareness from various parties so that the government issued a gender equality policy contained in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program with the policy of Law Number 1 of 2017 concerning Gender Mainstreaming. With these problems, researchers will analyze the implementation of gender equality policies at the PMDPPKBPPPA Office of Barru Regency so that gender injustice can be minimized. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. The results showed that the implementation of gender equality policies has been well implemented supported by George Edward III's theory with indicators of Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure. Communication of policy implementers is well established, adequate resource readiness, highly dedicated disposition of implementers and non-overlapping bureaucratic structures. So it can be concluded that the implementation of gender equality policies at the PMDPPKBPPPA Office of Barru Regency has been well implemented even though there are still indicators that need to be improved by policy implementers located on communication indicators where socialization is not optimal.

College Women’s Establishing of Peer Social-relationships and Communicating about Pandemic-related Political Identities and Topics

This mixed-methods study examines two research areas concerning whether U.S. women college students, compared with men, enrolled in online classes during the pandemic suffered from stress regarding their ability to socialize and negotiate a community/national political issue(s) affecting them negatively academically in terms of their grade point average and course outcomes, as well as whether the women would experience a sense of belonging and camaraderie with classmates by discussing topics impacting their identities and circumstances in terms of their individual and communal, social-relational, health, and financial pandemic contexts, which might also influence them negatively academically as stressors linked to their course outcomes and progress. Conducted in a rural, geographically marginalized area, the study implements survey and short-answer question instruments and utilizes an exploratory case-study design and a convergent-parallel strategy assessing 188 women and 188 men participants, including racial/ethnic minority and low socio-economic status (SES) women, with women’s median age of 23. of women and men surveyed, the former reported statistically significantly higher stress levels than men connected to the women’s need to socialize and tackle pandemic-oriented community and national political issues affecting their lives and statuses, which subsequently influenced their academic progress. Overall, the pandemic damaged women, especially racial/ethnic minorities, more than men, with women having higher stress rates revolving around their need for socializing (59% versus 33%) and addressing political issues (54% versus 32%), stressors hampering the women’s academic outcomes and status, as well as some experiencing additional stress regarding health and financial concerns. In response to these settings, 21% of women (n = 40) desired to discuss controversial topics, such as their pandemic stressors and related experiences in the classroom, including the pandemic’s political consequences for themselves, to promote self-expression, forge bonds, and seek and provide assistance in addressing all classmates’ academic, personal, and community needs.

The impact of Using Twitter and Instagram to Promote Social Values among University Students

The research aims to explore the impacts of students' use of social media on values of citizenship and determine which of their needs are gratified: the need for personal identity, integration, and social interaction or feeling satisfaction. The other goal is to determine the university students' expectations in the Arab world when using social networks. The research investigates the impact of using Facebook and Instagram in promoting Citizenship values among Arab students at Jordanian universities. The study's findings indicate that social media promotes social ideals and enhances citizenship among Arab students at Jordanian colleges. The principal aim for students utilizing social media is social interaction, with a mean score of (4.20) and a standard deviation of (0.50), which is achieved by accessing information regarding university life, which has a mean of (4.10). The foremost citizenship value was respect for others and tolerance, with a mean of (4.30) and a standard deviation of (0.42). Meanwhile, active community involvement scored a high mean of 4.25. Social networks greatly contributed to values like citizenship with particular emphasis on respect for diversity - mean 4.40 and involvement in civic matters - mean 4.25. The encouragement of talks over social media about national issues scored 4.35. These findings show the positive influence of social media on enhancing the level of participation and community involvement among students.

A Pertinence Score for Political Discourse Analysis: The Case of 2018 Colombian Elections

This study proposes a quantitative method to assess the pertinence of political language on national issues, addressing the complexity of analyzing political discourse and its relevance to citizens’ concerns. Using word embeddings and linguistic models trained on Wikipedia, a “pertinence score” was developed to measure the relevance of political discourse in contexts such as the economy and health. The method was applied to the 2018 Colombian presidential election, revealing significant differences in thematic pertinence between candidates. Survey validation confirmed the correlation between automatic and human scores, highlighting the model’s ability to discriminate ideological positions through lexical analysis.

A Bibliometric Literature Review on Trends in the Internationalization of Higher Education

In recent years, the internationalization of higher education has become a critical theme, reflecting global interconnectedness and the increasing mobility of students and academics. This study aims to identify and analyze trends in internationalization research from 2015 to 2024. Utilizing a bibliometric analysis of 9,180 articles and 44,000 keywords from Web of Science and Scopus databases, the research synthesizes developments in nine key fields over the past decade. Methods include data cleaning, keyword determination, and the use of Excel for data processing and analysis. The results reveal significant progress in understanding the complexities of internationalization, such as student mobility, societal and cultural integration, educational methods, and quality assurance. The study highlights the accelerated role of digital technology due to the COVID-19 pandemic and emerging national security issues. Conclusions offer new theoretical and practical insights into the role of internationalization in higher education outcomes and predict future trends. The findings have significant implications for policy-making, institutional strategies, and future research directions. This research contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of past trends and suggesting directions for future studies, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts from educational institutions, governments, and international organizations. Emphasis is placed on inclusivity and sustainability, with a call for innovative strategies to address emerging challenges and leverage new opportunities in the field of higher education internationalization.

Optimization of the electro-photocatalytic process for the removal of formaldehyde from water using the Taguchi model

The most significant environmental issue in many nations across the world is industrial wastewater contamination with formaldehyde (a priority pollutant). Any natural water that has had industrial effluent discharged into with formaldehyde concentrations between 100 and 1000 mg/l is deemed toxic to humans. This is an applied analytical research project aimed at examining formaldehyde removal from urban drinking water using a batch electro-photocatalytic (EPC) reactor that uses ultraviolet-A (UV-A) lamp dynode and immobilized ZnO NPs on a zinc sheet-copper electrode. pH, formaldehyde content, lamp intensity, radiation duration, lamp-electrode distance, ZnO NP stacking, and current density are the factors under investigation. They were found to be in the ranges 3–11, 110–330 mg/l, 480–720 mW/cm2, 8–32 min, 1.5 cm, 1–3, and 4–12 mA/cm2, respectively. The findings demonstrate the relationship between UV-A lamp intensity, radiation duration, and current density with the elimination of formaldehyde. The experimental data better fit a first-order reaction (R2 = 0.9982). The most optimal conditions elimination (0 mg/l) of formaldehyde are achieved at pH = 11, radiation period = 8 min, two layers of ZnO NPs, and current density = 8 mA/cm2 by the Taguchi model. The results show that increasing pH, radiation period, lamp intensity, and current density all increase removal efficiency. The results show that EPC is a practical and efficient method for treating formaldehyde-contaminated drinking water at high concentrations.

Реидеологизация российского общества: основные тезисы философской позиции

Introduction. At the beginning of the XXI century there is a gradual revival of interest in the re-ideologization of the political and cultural space of the country. The purpose of this article is to systematize and analyze philosophical views on the processes of re-ideologization that took place in Russia in the period from 2012 to 2023. Theoretical analysis allowed us to argue that the philosophical community has demonstrated a variety of reactions to the active processes of re-ideologization in Russia supported by the state since 2012. On the one hand, warnings were put forward about the repressive nature of total ideology. On the other hand, philosophers sought ways to participate in the discussion of national issues and determine the future development of the country. Particular attention was paid to concepts of the future such as humanism, culture, and communitarianism. Some philosophers, refusing to discuss ideology, have adopted a position of escapism, seeking freedom in their own being, outside the influence of society or any particular ideology. Conclusion. Transformations of habitual ideas about ideology open new angles for philosophical self-reflection. Discussions about the necessity of “withdrawal” from the discussion of political problems and ideological confrontation cause a “crisis of philosophical identity” and at the same time represent an important epistemological challenge.

Constitutional and legal foundations of territorial integrity in federal states: historical and legal analysis

The article explores the constitutional and legal foundations of the territorial integrity of the federal states, focusing on historical and contemporary examples. The authors examine cases of successful and unsuccessful secession, as well as legal mechanisms used to prevent separatism. We take Spain, the USA, Canada, India, and Germany, as the examples to analyze the role of constitutional provisions in maintaining state unity. A key aspect of the study is the distribution of competencies between federal structures and federation subjects, which ensures a balance of interests and prevents internal conflicts. A great attention is paid to the principle of subsidiarity and the role of federation subjects in governance, contributing to the preservation of territorial integrity. The authors emphasize the importance of integration mechanisms and constitutional guarantees in maintaining the stability of the federal states. The article establishes that the territorial integrity of federal states is ensured through a set of constitutional and legal norms that regulate the relations between federal authorities and the subjects of the federation. These norms include a clear distribution of competencies, where federal authorities are responsible for national issues such as defense and foreign relations, while the subjects of the federation have powers in local governance. The principle of subsidiarity involves the participation of the federation’s subjects in state governance, ensuring a balance of interests and preventing internal conflicts. Additionally, the supreme legal authority of the federal constitution, mechanisms of federal intervention in case of threats to integrity, and the unity of the economic space all contribute to the stability and unity of the federal state, effectively countering separatist movements. It is determined that the participation of federation subjects in the process of constitutional amendments guarantees their representation and protection of interests, preventing unilateral changes in the state structure. The state language plays an important role, promoting national unity and preventing ethnic conflicts, which is critical for multinational federations. Furthermore, the representation of federation subjects in the national parliament ensures their influence on key decision-making, promoting more balanced policies and strengthening ties between the central government and the regions.

Decarbonization under geoeconomic distress? Energy shocks, carbon lock‐ins, and Germany's pathway toward net zero

AbstractHow can decarbonization governance endure under increasing geoeconomic distress? Global tensions threaten to divert financial and political resources from the green transition toward national security issues. However, we lack the analytical tools to assess decarbonization governance in this age of global rivalries. To address this gap, we develop an analytical framework to study the effects of geoeconomic shocks through investment, operational, and political channels. Using macro‐ and company‐level data and document analysis, we empirically test our framework using Germany's decarbonization governance following the cutoff of its Russian gas supply in 2022 as a case study. We find that this shock had negative short‐term effects on decarbonization via the operational channel, mixed effects via the political channel, and positive long‐term effects via the investment channel. Our framework and findings contribute to establishing climate change and energy politics as core issues for future political economy research.

De novo Cu-MOF@CNS nanocomposite coated on a cotton fibrils framework for sustainable solar-driven desalination.

Environmental researchers are extremely concerned about addressing the declining availability of drinking water, which is a critical issue in many nations. Solar-driven desalination is an emerging and pioneering renewable approach to reduce potable water scarcity that is suitable for remote locations, developing countries, and disaster zones as it does not require additional energy supply. However, there are still issues with the scalable preparation of photothermal materials, such as achieving low cost and widening the assortment of useful applications. Conventional carbon- and metal-based absorbers are intricate and fragile, which make them difficult to install and transport in places with minimal infrastructure. Thus, a universal process for creating adaptable solar evaporators is sorely required. Herein, we have come up with a holistic approach using a solar absorber (GJ-01(Cal)) derived from a Cu-MOF (HKUST-1) and carbon nanosheets (CNSs) for generating potable water from saline water using solar radiation. The as-synthesized material provides high-performance photothermal water evaporation when illuminated under solar irradiation at the air-water interface. Moreover, its porous structure, high photothermal conversion efficiency, rapid water flow, and heat insulation make it appropriate for saline water desalination. CNS play a pivotal role in improving the photothermal features of the solar absorber (GJ-01(Cal)) in terms of conjugation to promote Cu(0) species and pyrrolic nitrogen (P-N) amplification and thereby enrich the p-type nature of the absorber's triphasic configuration. With these photothermal factors, the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of electrons increases and achieves high solar spectrum absorption. The GJ-01(Cal) was further coated on porous cotton fibrils (CF) that regulate photothermal interfacial evaporation (PTIE) by allowing water transportation via capillary action. This assemblage of the nanocomposite on CF efficiently evaporates water at a higher surface temperature of ∼47 °C under one solar illumination, achieving 4.23 kg m-2 h-1 of evaporation flux and 96.5% light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Interestingly, the GJ-01(Cal) coated over CF can be recycled at least 10 times. Additionally, it offers scalable production for higher photothermal efficiency with a flexible substrate as a solar evaporator and is beneficial for society paving new horizons towards a sustainable environment.

Immigration and Its Impact on Europe's Societal Security: Examining the Rise of Far-Right Parties (2014-2024)

This study examines the relationship between immigration and the rise of far-right parties in Europe from 2014 to 2024, focusing on the implications for societal security. It explores how far-right parties have capitalized on immigration, framing it as a critical threat to national identity and social stability. Applying the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory, the research analyzes how these parties have redefined immigration as a national security issue, thereby legitimizing more stringent immigration policies and exclusionary practices. The findings indicate that far-right parties have effectively utilized public anxieties and uncertainties surrounding immigration to influence the political discourse across Europe. This shift has significant socio-political consequences, posing challenges to the European Union’s foundational principles of integration, democracy, and human rights. The study highlights concerns over democratic backsliding, the erosion of social policies, and threats to freedom of movement and human rights. Additionally, it examines the potential impacts on the EU’s cohesion policy, foreign policy, enlargement process, and environmental sustainability. The research underscores a major transformation in Europe’s political landscape with far-reaching implications for the stability of the European Union and its member states.

Family framing in Romania after EU accession: an analysis of silenced problems within strategic policy documents

ABSTRACT Various social science and multidisciplinary investigations have focused mainly on what the family is and how to analyse it. However, these studies have paid less attention to what is not said and what remains silenced about the family and family-related problems. Starting from the assumption that silencing is a discourse-constitutive feature, this article investigates family frames and inherent silences within Romanian public policy documents. The empirical material consists of a specific collection of sources, namely national strategies for child protection, care for older people, employment, and equal opportunities, adopted during 2007–2024, i.e. after Romania’s accession to the European Union. The article interrogates how national strategies frame family issues and what remains silenced and obscured within this relevant collection of policy documents. It identifies various ways in which policymakers draw attention to certain points of view concerning family life to the detriment of other perspectives and angles of investigation. Additionally, it uncovers the unspoken and silently accepted correlation of the family with vulnerability, poverty, and invisibility, which can contribute to explaining the domestic tendency to marginalize the family as a political topic and to elaborate inconsistent public action related to it.

Re-envisioning corporate social responsibility education from a multicultural perspective: From pyramid to hourglass

While contemporary capitalist society is stimulating corporate social responsibility (CSR) and related themes such as sustainability, with the UN SDGs and ESG as dominant narratives, educators have voiced concerns about the actual issue of how to integrate these emerging phenomena into management education. This study adopted a sequential explanatory design using responses collected from international business school students in Asia over a 6-year period to examine this gap. Their perceptions were analyzed by matching them against Carroll's four-part definitional framework, the pyramid of CSR, to gauge the degree to which CSR theories are received by students. The results revealed that the majority of Asian students understand CSR differently from the mantra “CSR is about responsible business”. Depending on the context, Carroll's CSR pyramid is negatively perceived by students in Asia as many are aware that CSR is a culturally hypersensitive subject. The study proposes three recommendations for developing inclusive CSR education in multicultural settings: 1) emphasizing the “changing” role of business in the world and contemporary capitalism; 2) emphasizing the necessity of blending Western CSR theories with sustainable development issues in other nations; and 3) adding more details about cultural sensitivity in our use of CSR.