Issue Of International Migration Research Articles

The Experience of the Migration Component of European Identity for the Central Asia Region

The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of influence of international migration issues on the process of transformation of European identity and to assess the prospects for applying this experience in the countries of Central Asia. The methodological base of the study was built on the basis of a combination of methods of structural-functional, comparative, institutional analysis and forecasting with elements of a descriptive method. The results of the scientific work consist of characterizing the concept of European identity and the main problems of its development in connection with the intensification of migration processes in the world, formulating the features of the incorporation and integration of foreign citizens in the EU states, as well as highlighting the principles and norms used by members of the Commonwealth to regulate migration flows. The materials of this work can be applied in research and applied fields: the article can be useful for scientists whose interests include the formation and development of regional identity in a globalized world, as well as the topics of migration processes and linguistic, cultural and social adaptation of immigrants.

Investigating the Immigrant Paradox in South Africa: Exploring Reported Health, Depression, and Life Satisfaction

The issue of international migration and health has received increased attention since its rise due to empirical studies on the immigrant paradox. Less examined has been research focused on countries in the Global South with growing immigrant population share and contentious debates on implications. Using data from the longitudinal National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) (2008–2017) and panel logistic regression this study focused on evaluating whether reported physical health, mental health, and life satisfaction are all associated with immigrant status in South Africa. Accounting for several sociodemographic factors, results emanating from analysis showed no significant evidence of association between overall immigration status and self-reported health or life satisfaction. This however did not apply to depression as immigrants were found to be significantly less likely to report depressive level scores. Interestingly, preference to migrate was also found to be significantly associated with depression, and life satisfaction. Further evaluation amongst racial groups showed that African immigrants are also significantly more likely to report better health than non-immigrant counterparts. This study argues for the need of contextualisation of the immigrant paradox as evidence thereof varies dependent on specific outcomes and communities. The importance of other associated social determinants of wellbeing is also highlighted since gender, race, age, class, education, relationship status, location, and behavioural factors were found to be significantly associated with wellbeing. Policies should thus be aimed at reducing structural inequalities in broad whilst also introducing social programmes that reduce behavioural or lifestyle activities that have negative implications on wellbeing.

The Impact of Global Climate Change on Environmental Migration in the Asia Pacific Region

Climate migration is an issue that has re-emerged along with the increasing threat of natural disasters and climate change. The complexity of international migration issues today is not only related to demographic factors, conflict, war, and economic factors. However, the implications of global climate change can become push and pull factors on the migration process. This study aims to find out the correlation between international migration issues and climate change that occurs in the Asia Pacific region. The theoretical frameworks used are the theory of international migration (Everett S. Lee) and the conceptual 'environmental migration' (Graeme Hugo). The research method used is qualitative research by prioritizing data collection based on literature studies and internet-based research. The results of this study show that there is a high risk due to climate change that must be faced by countries in the Asia Pacific region and the driving factors of migrating people in the Asia Pacific region are interpreted as mitigation measures from the threat of natural disasters.

The Impact of Global Climate Change on Environmental Migration in the Asia Pacific Region

Climate migration is an issue that has re-emerged along with the increasing threat of natural disasters and climate change. The complexity of international migration issues today is not only related to demographic factors, conflict, war, and economic factors. However, the implications of global climate change can become push and pull factors on the migration process. This study aims to find out the correlation between international migration issues and climate change that occurs in the Asia Pacific region. The theoretical frameworks used are the theory of international migration (Everett S. Lee) and the conceptual 'environmental migration' (Graeme Hugo). The research method used is qualitative research by prioritizing data collection based on literature studies and internet-based research. The results of this study show that there is a high risk due to climate change that must be faced by countries in the Asia Pacific region and the driving factors of migrating people in the Asia Pacific region are interpreted as mitigation measures from the threat of natural disasters.

Ecuadorian Migration Policy Analyzed from International Causality

The migration issue has been an inseparable part of the international scene since the beginning of the Third Millennium, together with its possibilities for transformation and development. If the regional, national, governmental, and civil society agendas are observed, they all have approaches to the issue of international migration. States have the right to regulate movements across their borders; international cooperation aimed at reducing irregular migration contemplates both a punitive aspect related to law enforcement and a protection and human rights approach. Ecuador is one of the few countries that has the dual quality of sending and receiving migrants. Added to this situation is the reception of displaced persons from other nations, a different but complementary phenomenon to migration, which has made it the first country of refuge in Latin America and lately the country of transit. Based on the analysis through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria decision method, it is intended to evaluate the causes of international migration, and focus them on the current context of Ecuador, in the study of an adequate migration policy.

Securitisation of Migration in the Language of Slovak Far-Right Populism

Although the Slovak Republic is not a country of immigrants, since 2015 the topic of international migration has dominated its political discourse. Due to the migration situation in 2015, Slovak politicians have also begun to use the topic of migration to mobilise their voters. Paradoxically, there are no significant differences among the relevant Slovak political parties on this topic, hence Slovak politicians take a similar approach to the issue of migration. This article focuses on the People's Party Our Slovakia as a leading representative of far-right populism. We intend to explore how Slovak far-right populists articulate the issue of international migration. Our analysis has found that the language of far-right populists reflects a dichotomy of “we/us” (good) vs. “they/them” (evil). Far-right populists emphasise the negative consequences of migration, as they perceive migrants as a threat to national security. In-depth analyses of political texts have revealed that the securitisation of migration by far-right populists has several dimensions. Migrants are perceived as a threat to the economic, political and cultural security of the state.

‘Sorry, i don’t want them here.’ Migration in Slovak Political Discourse

The issue of international migration in Slovakia was not a topic of public discussion until 2015. A major change in migration discourse can be observed only after the mass migratory processes in 2015, a few weeks before the Slovak parliamentary elections. Just before the elections, politicians had also noticed these processes, putting the spotlight on migration, which became a frequent priority topic of electoral campaigns for several weeks. Our aim with this paper is to answer a question of how Slovak politicians, who had ignored this topic for many years, dealt with the issue of international migration since 2015 and which aspect dominated the emerging migration discourse. We came to the conclusion that Slovak politicians tackled the issue almost uniformly, regardless of their ideological beliefs or coalition-opposition framework. Most politicians presented migration as a threat. In addition to the securitization of migration discourse, we also observe a gradual shift in the understanding of the term migrant. Until 2015, the naming of the particular actor of migration processes was generally understood to be neutral, yet since 2015 the term has acquired a strong negative connotation.

Disrupting Dialogue? The Participatory Urban Governance of Far-Right Contestations in Cottbus

This article investigates how municipal governments negotiate far-right contestations through the format of citizens’ dialogues and contemplates to what extent they disrupt established assumptions about participatory urban governance. In doing so, I want to contribute to emerging scholarship on reactionary responses to migration-led societal transformations in cities via scrutinising their effects on institutional change in participatory practices. Building on participatory urban governance literature and studies on the far right in the social sciences, I argue that inviting far-right articulations into the democratic arena of participation serves to normalise authoritarian and racist positions, as the far right’s demand for more direct involvement of ‘the people’ is expressed in reactionary terms. I will show how this applies to two prominent notions of participation in the literature, namely, agonistic and communicative approaches. This argument is developed through an explorative case study of two neighbourhood-based citizens’ dialogues in Cottbus, East Germany, which the municipal government initiated in response to local far-right rallies. While a careful reading of these forums reveals productive potentials when the issue of international migration is untangled from context-specific, socio-spatial problems in the neighbourhoods, my analysis also shows how the municipality’s negotiation of far-right contestations within the citizens’ dialogues serves to legitimise far-right ideology. I find that to negotiate today’s societal polarisation, municipal authorities need to rethink local participatory institutions by disentangling these complex dynamics and reject far-right contestations, while designing dialogues for democratic and emancipatory learning.

THE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN TURKEY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Local governments at the global and national level faced difficulties at the provision of local services owing to the raise in the population a result of the international migration. In that context, local governments are the closest administrative units for citizens and the demand towards the local services has raised with the arrival of the migrants. In the study, firstly, the concepts of migration, international migration, migration management and migrant have been explained. Secondly, the local governments’ role has assessed on migration at the international and national level. On that scope, the local governments’ role in related to migration has been searched with using the document analysis method and the significant documents such as the workshops’ Reports in related to migration in Turkey, The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ‘Migration and Cohesion’ Report (2018) and Regional Refugee & Resilience Plans (3RP) prepared from 2015 to 2020 country chapters in related to Turkey have been searched. In the study, the target is to examine local governments’ role on the issue of migration, the main problem areas of local governments on that issue and the solution proposals towards those problems. In the last part of the study, some proposals have been made for the local governments on the issue of international migration.

International migration movements

The issue of international migration has been increasingly present, especially since the early 2010s, in the daily news. However, the media tends to focus on a small minority of these movements, those which arise from exoduses linked to international wars or to civil wars often fanned – voluntarily or involuntarily – by external powers, and those which take place in non-legal forms, the main cause of which is most often poor governance. Beyond that, it is important to take a complete and fair look at all international migration in daily life. However, this does not entail following sensationalist claims that depict a world entering a generalised migratory cycle. Finally, we should ask ourselves about the real changes undergone by international migration in the 21st century.

Enterprise Journalism in Migration News: A Six-country Comparison of Source Power

ABSTRACT The issue of international migration has not attracted a comprehensive global attention from media scholars, who mainly focus on migrants’ destination countries and overlook their countries of origin. We sought to obtain a broader understanding of migration news by examining news sources used by journalists in migration-related news from origin and destination countries in South Asia and the Pacific. We utilised the notion of “enterprise journalism” (Hansen 1991, “Source diversity and newspaper enterprise journalism.” Mass Communication and Journalism Quarterly 68 (3): 474–482.) to measure the relative power of sources of information and journalists to shape the news. We quantified different sources of migration news in six countries and examined the patterns of sourcing in what could be categorised as the product of both “routine” and “enterprise” journalism. Our data support the findings of many previous studies in demonstrating that official and elite political sources dominate migration news overall. However, in enterprise news content, the position of migrant sources is significantly enhanced in South Asia, which indicates a willingness of journalists from this region to present the lived experiences of migrants in global deliberations on migration issues.

Göç Araştırmaları Alanında Kavramsal Sorunlar ve Etik/Politik Sorumluluk

Giderek değişen türleri ile göç, günümüzde tüm dünyayı etkileyen bir olgu halini almıştır. Özellikle uluslararası göçün yaygınlığı ve kitleselliği artık ülkelerin en önemli gündem maddesi olmaya başlamış ve ülkeler arasındaki ilişkileri etkileyen politik bir alana dönüşmüştür. Önceki dönemlerden farklı olarak yalnızca azgelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmiş ülkelere değil; kitleselleşen ve çeşitlenen hali ile azgelişmiş ülkeden azgelişmiş ülkeye yöneliş boyutu da sürece eklenmiştir. Bu dönüşümde insanların planlayarak göç etmesi değil “kaçarak” ya da “kaçmak durumunda kalarak” yaşadığı yeri terk etmek durumunda bırakılması ile birlikte gelişmiş Kuzey ülkelerinin sınırlarını yükseltmesi de etkili olmuştur. Böylesine önemli bir konuda hem evrensel bilim anlayışı ile uluslararası bilim camiasını izleme ve alana katkıda bulunma hem de göç alan bir ülkede yaşıyor olmanın verdiği sorumluluğu taşıyarak alanda araştırma yapma ve katkı sunma araştırmacılara son derece önemli etik/politik sorumluluklar yüklemektedir. Bu sorumluluğun yükünü omuzlarında taşımanın verdiği duyarlılık ile alana bakıldığında ilk dikkat çeken konu alandaki kavramsal sorunlarıdır. Bu sorun özellikle politik, bürokratik ve bazı bakımlardan akademik olarak kitlesel göçe hazırlıksız yakalanan Türkiye için daha da belirgindir. Bu durumda uluslararası göç ve göçmenlik konusu daha da hassaslaşmakta ve kavram seçiminin kendi başına bir çaba gerektirdiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çaba bilim insanı sorumluluğu ile yanlı kavramlar yerine “tarafsız” kavramların kullanılması ve yoksa “üretilmesi” anlamını taşımaktadır. Bu yazıda böylesine bir sorumluluk bilinci taşıyarak alandaki kavramsal karmaşayı örnekleme adına belli kavramlar üzerinden sorun ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Seçilmiş kavramlar üzerinden kavramsal sorunların nedenlerini ve kavramsal tartışmaları içeren bu çalışmada amaçlanan, göç alanında kullanılan kavramların hassaslığını göstererek farkındalık yaratabilmek ve göç konusundaki diğer kavramlar için de kullanılabilecek bir çerçeve sunabilmektir.

The Global Compacts on Refugees and for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: Introduction to the Special Issue

AbstractIn December 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted two Global Compacts: The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). These two compacts, while non‐binding and aspirational in nature, offer the first widely‐accepted new normative frameworks on the movement of people since the ratification of the 1951 refugee convention and its 1967 protocol. This special issue of International Migration aims to analyse the way in which these two compacts were negotiated, examine their potential impact in a number of areas, and compare the way they deal with common themes such as gender, civil society and security. This introductory article describes the background and the process of negotiating the global compacts, provides a short summary of the articles included in this special issue, and highlights gaps in the two compacts that are not elsewhere discussed herein.

The Global Compact on Refugees: A Historic Achievement

The Global Compact on Refugees: A Historic Achievement

Protecting and Benchmarking Migrants’ Rights: An Analysis of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

AbstractThe Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (GCM) was to be “guided by human rights law and standards” in recognition of the rights of international migrants, who are currently protected by an overlapping patchwork of treaties and international law. The GCM contains many laudable commitments that, if implemented, will ensure that states more consistently respect, protect, and fulfil the rights of all migrants and also that states incorporate data on migration into a more cohesive governance regime that does more to promote cooperation on the issue of international migration. However, many concerns remain. Using a legal analysis and cross‐national policy data, we find that the GCM neither fully articulates existing law nor makes use of international consensus to expand the rights of migrants. In its first section, this article provides a concise analysis of the GCM's compliance with a set of core principles of existing international human rights law regarding migrants. In the second section, we apply a novel instrument to create an objective, cross‐national accounting of the laws protecting migrants’ rights in various national legal frameworks. Focusing on a sample of five diverse destination and sending countries, the results suggest we are close to an international consensus on the protection of a core set of migrants’ rights. This analysis should help prioritize the work necessary to implement the GCM.

„Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” a brak kwestii przywództwa etnicznego

Thomas i Znaniecki zainteresowali się badawczo problematyką migracji międzynarodowych mniej więcej w tym samym czasie, to znaczy na początku XX wieku. Od rozpoczęcia współpracy, skupiali się, przez całą dekadę, na emigracji z ziem polskich do Europy Zachodniej, a później do USA, jednej klasy społecznej – chłopów. Zainteresowania Znanieckiego kwestiami etnicznymi (w tym narodowymi) trwały również i po I wojnie światowej. Thomas skoncentrował się natomiast na innych, ogromnie ważnych z punktu widzenia socjologii i psychologii społecznej zagadnieniach, co przyczyniło się do wzmocnienia jego prestiżu jako teoretyka społecznego, i tylko w ograniczonym zakresie kontynuował swe wcześniejsze teoretyczne zainteresowania „typami imigrantów”. Publikował pod innymi nazwiskami. Stąd niniejszy artykuł skupia się na dorobku Znanieckiego. Wydaje się absurdem pytanie o to, dlaczego Thomas i Znaniecki nie badali czegoś innego niż to, co interesowało ich przede wszystkim – czemu nie studiowali losów innych niż chłopi polskich grup klasowych, aktywnie uczestniczących w migracjach międzynarodowych. Jednakże istnieją dobre powody aby spytać o to, dlaczego sposób zorganizowania zbiorowości polskich imigrantów do Ameryki nie został głębiej przebadany pod względem teoretycznym w klasycznym Dziele. W opinii autora niniejszego artykułu, gdyby Znaniecki był bardziej socjologicznie zainteresowany niektórymi tematami (jak na przykład przywództwo), które później stały się dla niego bardzo ważne, trafniej przebadałby procesy społecznej organizacji zbiorowości migracyjnych.

Migration for Economic Growth: Strategic Approaches. Russia's Case

The issue of international migration has moved to the top of the political agenda in recent years. The heated media debates tend to hide the fact that the phenomenon of modern migration is complex and multifaceted; actually, there are few social issues where popular opinion and the research discourse diverge so sharply. While much of the discussion is focused on the immediate social aspects of migration,both from the perspective of migrants and that of their “hosts”, the issue of the possible longterm economic effects of international migration is elaborated to a much lesser extent. Overall a country-specific analysis of migration should consider four questions: • Is there an economic case for migration? What are the requirements for labor and human capital from the perspective of economic growth (demand) and organic demography (supply)? • Are there pools of human capital in territorial and cultural proximity? • What is the history of the cultural diversity in the society? Did it traditionally see itself as mono-ethnic or multi-ethnic? • What is the long-term government strategy towards migration, and how effective is its institutional support? In the second part of the report this we will analyze the case of modern Russia using this framework. We will demonstrate that Russia clearly has • an economic case for attracting a significant volume of new human capital in order to move the country out of a period of prolonged economic stagnation; • a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural history that dates back at least to the 14th century – if not to the foundation of the early proto-Russian states; • an advantageous position in the regional “market” for human capital, despite being strongly challenged by both regional and global competitors At the same time, Russia currently lacks an informed strategic policy on the issue, which results in a dearth of official institutes of integration. The vacuum is filled with informal institutes. These can be effective in the short-term, but they might pose a challenge to the longer-term goal of creating integrated diversity. Given the growing regional and international competition for human capital, these challenges may result in Russia missing a historic window of opportunity to boost its socio-economic development.

The Effect of Migration on Labor Resources

International migration is a complex phenomenon that can be detected throughout the history of mankind, manifested in varying degrees of intensity, being generated by welfare and development disparities between different regions of the world (EU, 2008). The realities of the last decades, namely the globalization of the world economy, the intensification of the armed conflicts, as well as the economic-regional integration are the main factors that contributed to the quantitative and qualitative remodeling of the international migration. The issue of international migration is not only an economic subject but also a social, cultural and political one, with multiple implications not only on the country of origin but also on the receiving country. Public authorities are not only concerned with the effects of the intensive migration but also with the costs that this phenomenon entails, which affect both the countries of origin and the recipient countries. International events over the last decades have generated not only the phenomenon of voluntary migration caused by job search or economic reasons, but also by forced migration generated by natural phenomena such as political, religious disasters, persecution, or wars. This generates new challenges for public authorities to find solutions to mitigate the negative effects and potentiate the positive effects of international migration.

Visible and invisible bordering practices

Purpose Despite enacting numerous legislations, policies and practices accommodating third country nationals, Europe continues to erect a fortress against foreigners. The recent migration crisis on the shores of the Mediterranean seem to validate this view. As Europe searches for optimal solutions to the migration crisis, recent media and humanitarian organisation reports of surging African and Middle Eastern refugees and migrants bring into sharp focus and test these immigration measures. For this cause, the purpose of this paper is to interrogate European Union (EU)-Africa relationships on international migration issues. Design/methodology/approach Located in the evolving field of border studies, the paper employs the concepts of displacement and humanitarianism in an effort to frame the EU-Africa relations on migration in the context of borders, boundaries and frontiers. A thorough review and critical analysis of relevant legislations, literature and media reports on the Africa-Europe migration interface is also conducted. Findings The militarisation, securitisation, restrictive and, sometimes, draconian immigration regimes do not provide sustainable solutions to the migration crisis facing Europe. A rethinking around the integration and inclusion of immigrants into Europe's socioeconomic fabric, and addressing fundamental and structural weaknesses in EU-Africa relationships and respective economies is essential. Originality/value Theoretically, the paper attempts to understand better, the way the EU and Africa engage each other on international migration issues, in the context of border studies. Empirically, the paper positions itself in policy engagements and the quest for practical solutions by the two continents in view of the migration crisis currently facing Europe.

Esfuerzos de los emigrantes ecuatorianos por acostumbrarse, desde la visión de la obra novelística.

This paper is based on the critical reading of nine Ecuadorian novels that refer to the sociological issue of international migration from Ecuador to the Boreal Hemisphere, mainly to the United States and Spain. With the help of methods and techniques of documentary bibliographic research, this work intends to base, exemplify and analyze the efforts of the Ecuadorian migrants to adjust themselves and survive in their destinations where they do not have the intention to a part of. They would rather return home. Meanwhile, they permanently communicate with family members in Ecuador through letters, phone calls, radio, e-mails, and other technological resources as a strategy to overcome the awkward feeling of being in limbo, in the air, in the emptiness. All this is shown and recreated in the Ecuadorian novels that have been selected for this study.