Issues Of Gender Inequality Research Articles

Gender, Culture and Ethics: Confronting the Complexities of Sex-Selective Abortion in Canada

This article examines the ethical and cultural implications of sex-selective abortion, with a focus on the Indo-Canadian community. Drawing from a 2016 Canadian Medical Association Journal study and expert opinions, including a CBC radio discussion and Dr. Jen Gunter's commentary, it highlights the conflict between reproductive rights and entrenched gender biases. The piece critiques the challenges in legislating against sex-selective abortion, emphasizing the infringement on reproductive rights and privacy, and the need to address deeper societal and cultural factors behind sex selection. The analysis includes cultural perspectives, revealing how societal norms and familial pressures in the Indo-Canadian community impact reproductive decisions, often leading to coercion and loss of choice. The feminist viewpoint links sex-selective abortion to broader issues of gender inequality and misogyny. Conclusively, the article argues for a holistic approach to addressing sex-selective abortion, combining legal, educational, and cultural changes. This approach aims to cultivate a society that values gender equality and respects women’s autonomy, ensuring their decisions are free from coercion and societal prejudice.

Gender Bias in Linguistic Structures: A Comparative Study of French

Language is a form of power that can shape the cognitive thinking of its users and even serve as a tool of domination for those in authority. Historically, language has been an instrument of patriarchy, with its use under patriarchal systems that often serving to suppress women. However, in the modern era, with the rise of feminism, there has been increasing attention to issues of gender inequality. Many linguists have begun to question whether gendered languages exacerbate existing gender biases. Yet, few have undertaken comparative analyses across different language families. Considering grammatical structures and language origins, this paper will examine French from the Romance language family and German from the Germanic language family—both of them are gendered languages. This study will conduct a comparative analysis to identify the gender biases present in these languages and to explain the cognitive and linguistic causes underlying these biases. By highlighting these issues, the research aims to raise readers’ awareness of gender bias in linguistic structures.

Feminist expression in American country music a case study of Taylor Swift

This article employs a feminist theoretical perspective and utilizes textual analysis to examine the feminist expressions within the music of American female musician Taylor Swift. Through analyzing the lyrical content of several songs imbued with typical gender themes such as “Fearless,” “Speak Now,” “Miss Americana & The Heartbreak Prince,” “The Man,” and “All Too Well,” this study reveals that Taylor Swift’s music explores themes of female autonomy and advocates for increased awareness of gender inequality issues. In her feminist discourse, Taylor’s songs integrate emotional nuances from personal experiences alongside critiques of societal gender oppression.Through these analyses, this study aims to uncover the expression of gender consciousness in musical compositions and elucidate the interactive relationship between musical works and feminist discourse and construction. Additionally, this research provides insights into feminist expressions within American country music through Taylor Swift’s compositions, thereby contributing significantly to the exploration of music’s influence on gender identity and women’s rights.

Women and Minorities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Evidence From Trinidad and Tobago

Using a quantitative research approach, this study aims at investigating the wage returns and the gender wage gap of Trinidad and Tobago’s minority groups in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. To do this, data from the Continuous Sample Survey of Population (CSSP), for the period 1991–2015, is used to estimate a Mincerian earnings function via the quantile regression method, after which the standard Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition method is employed to decompose the wage differentials. This analysis revealed that regardless of ethnic class (i.e. minority group [persons who are of mixed, white, Syrian/Lebanese, Chinese, and other heritage] or majority group [persons of an Indian and African heritage]), there are more men trained in STEM than women. While the average earnings of female minority workers in STEM are higher than that of male minority workers, the earnings of male majority workers are higher than that of female majority workers. The gender wage gap between minority workers in STEM appears to be much more prominent (9.8%) than that of majority workers (8.5%). This implies that the issue of gender inequality in STEM is more pronounced amongst minority workers in Trinidad and Tobago.

China’s Nine-Year Compulsory Education Policy and Rural Women’s Education

Globally, education is often regarded as a basic human right. In order to guarantee this right, many countries have adopted various measures to ensure universal access to an inclusive and fair quality education, without leaving anyone behind. The UNICEF (2017) Convention on the Rights of the Child provides tenets of the child’s right to education, education should focus on the all-round development of children’s personalities and promote mutual understanding, tolerance, friendship, and peace by respecting their personal cultural backgrounds. The draft UNESCO Education 2030 Framework for Action (UNESCO 2015) involves ensuring an inclusive and fair basic education and providing lifelong learning opportunities for all (Webb et al., 2017). The implementation of compulsory education and the comprehensive development of a modern education system thus are importance to countries such as China. In fact, the implementation of the compulsory education policy in contemporary China is regarded as the main task of the government, which means that the “right to education” is a top priority (Chang, 2010). However, although various levels of governments are making significant efforts to promote the development of compulsory education in rural areas, there is still a major gap in terms of the quality and attainment within China education, especially along urban-rural divides. Children from impoverished backgrounds, typically rural areas, have a much higher risk of dropping out than their urban peers after completing elementary school. Therefore, this dissertation seeks to present the difficult situation rural women find themselves in concerning education. It proposes two research questions that 1) Does China’s nine-year compulsory education policy include initiatives to address gender inequalities, such as the higher rates of illiteracy amongst rural women and girls, and what evidence is available on the extent of the policy’s effectiveness in this regard? 2) How are issues of gender inequality experienced by rural women and girls in China in the context of the enactment of the nine-year compulsory education policy? Analysing the implementation of China’s nine-year compulsory education policy in rural area, whilst investigating the inequality that rural women suffer.

Toward gender equality in operations and supply chain management: a systematic review, research themes and future directions

PurposeThis systematic review of the current gender inequality issues in operations and supply chain management (OSCM) seeks to illuminate the multifaceted aspects of this issue and their various implications for the field.Design/methodology/approachEmploying systematic literature review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodologies, this research delves into an analysis of 238 journal articles spanning a 47-year period. The objective is to discern existing voids and put forth actionable suggestions that align with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal Number 5 (SDG5) in the context of men and women, which pertains to realizing gender equality and empowering girls and women.FindingsThe results show a significant increase in published articles over the period. However, only five literature review articles were found that specifically address gender inequality in OSCM. The five common themes impacting gender inequality in this field are gender issues, mindset, transportation disparities, human resources and gender roles in OSCM, alongside sustainability, mobility and government policy intersections. The paper emphasizes the need for further research on these themes. It also suggests implications for educators, researchers, companies, OSCM departments and policymakers to achieve SDG5.Originality/valueThis study offers valuable insights by comprehensively reviewing and systematically analyzing the prevailing gender inequality issues within OSCM. It accentuates the significance of gender equality in OSCM, augmenting the burgeoning discourse and catalyzing concerted endeavors for gender equality.

How Women Are Portrayed in Opinion in the Kompas Daily Newspaper According to Sara Mills' Critical Discourse Studies?

This research is motivated by the problem of gender inequality issues in women's lives that are still often reported by the mass media. Among the mass media that reported this was the daily newspaper Kompas, especially in an opinion piece entitled Perempuan dan Mimpinya published on June 6, 2024. Based on the background of the problem depicted in the Women and Their Dreams (Perempuan dan Mimpinya) opinion, the purpose of writing this article is to describe how women are viewed by the mass media and their relationship to the current social reality of society. The collection of research data was carried out using reading techniques, including the steps of reading carefully and repeatedly the opinions that were the source of research data, marking vocabulary, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that were in accordance with the criteria of the research problem, recording and inventorying them in an inventory table. The data was analyzed using an interactive method to reveal the position of women behind the text Women and Their Dreams (Perempuan dan Mimpinya) and its relationship to the current social reality of society. Analysis of the research data shows three things. First, the position of the subject in the discourse of the Perempuan dan Mimpinya opinion is occupied by the author who acts as the storyteller, while the position of the object is occupied by women. Second, the author tries to direct the reader to become the actor of the story by presenting a pseudo reality and cultural code in the text that seems to be the reality in the reader's real life. Third, the meaning of the entire discourse of opinion on Women and Their Dreams shows that in the domestic and public spaces women are still not fully able to become a gender group that is equal to the masculine gender group.

STEMinist sensibilities in the promotion of STEM and tech participation to women and girls

ABSTRACT In recent years, organizations aiming to empower women and girls to participate in STEM have proliferated. While the issue of gender inequality in STEM is well documented, little is known about the feminist appeals these organizations make to girls. This study analyses the websites of five Australian ‘women in tech’ organizations to understand how they frame and respond to the problem of gender inequality, and what feminist sentiments they reflect. Combining a postfeminist sensibility (Gill, 2007) with Myers et al. (2019) concept of STEMinism, we propose a ‘STEMinist sensibility’ to interpret the ways in which gender issues and subjects are represented on STEM initiative websites. We identify four themes characterizing a STEMinist sensibility: 1) acknowledging the problem and promoting solutions to gender inequality, 2) a focus on tech girls as problem solvers, 3) cultivating community and connection for success, and 4) playing with girlification. We show how websites acknowledge the structural impediments women and girls face, yet simultaneously represent girls as both problematic and as problem-solvers in a way that renders them individually responsible for resolving the problems arising from gender inequality in their fields. These findings have implications for organizations promoting STEM initiatives to women and girls.

Empowering Women through Education and Skill Development: A Descriptive Analysis of Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao, Stand-Up India, and Skill India Mission

This paper explores three pivotal government initiatives in India—Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao (BBBP), Stand-Up India, and Skill India Mission—aimed at enhancing the education and skill development of women. By examining the genesis, objectives, key components, and impacts of each program, this review highlights the significant strides and ongoing challenges in promoting gender equality and empowering women. Despite progress, gender-based disparities and deeply rooted cultural norms continue to pose significant challenges. The analysis underscores the importance of sustained community engagement, policy enforcement, and resource allocation to address deeply rooted gender disparities and foster a more inclusive society. This research is particularly significant in today's context, as it sheds light on the persistent gender inequality issues in India and the need for comprehensive strategies to overcome them.

From Chateau Latour to Chateau Bourdieu: The sociology of wine between empire, class, ethnicity and gender (or, the oenologic of practice)

Many sociologists drink wine, but hardly any write about it professionally, and the putative scholarly field of the ‘sociology of wine’ remains inchoate, the study of wine mostly being ceded to other disciplines. This is strange, as wine is crucial to a host of phenomena, such as national and regional identities in winemaking countries, as well as identity construction and class-based distinction dynamics in many other locations. Wine has received relatively little attention from Bourdieu or those inspired by him. Indeed, some of the most influential writings on wine in a sociological register today are sometimes explicitly hostile to his sociology. Yet for all types of activities traversing the overlapping domains of the production, social distribution and consumption of wine, Bourdieusian elements must be brought into the analysis to be able to appreciate interlocking issues of class, ethnicity and gender relations and inequalities, particularly within imperial/colonial and post-imperial/post-colonial social contexts. In its 8000-year history, very major factors in the social structuring of wine have been imperial power and colonial expansion, factors bound up with ethnic and gender inequalities in wine phenomena both historically and today. A flexible and open-minded version of Bourdieu, as advocated by Bridget Fowler, draws attention to ongoing dynamics of power and resistance in wine worlds.

Media and Social Networks about Labor Discrimination of Women in 21st Century

The issue of media coverage of women’s workplace discrimination is being considered. The relevance of the study is due to the increased influence of mass media and social networks on shaping public perceptions of various social issues. Publications from newspapers such as “Izvestia,” “Kommersant,” “Rossiyskaya Gazeta,” and “Arguments and Facts,” which are among the top 10 Russian media outlets, as well as articles from social networks, were used as materials for the study. It is shown that these resources address gender inequality issues in various fields such as industry, construction, business, etc., where men have social preferences. It is noted that women in these fields can have high professional status and not feel discriminated against according to statistical data. However, there are typically “female” spheres where women find it easier to advance in their careers, yet their salaries are lower. The authors emphasize that in some publications, women’s independent choice in favor of family or the ability of successful women to balance career and family values are highlighted. The article’s authors conclude that the same topics are represented in social networks as in the media. In conclusion, it is noted that the government has been attempting to address the issues raised in publications over the past five years by enacting appropriate laws.

Analysis of Gender Discourse Bias and Gender Discrimination in Social Media: A Case Study of the TikTok Platform

In the contemporary landscape of new media, social media platforms, particularly exemplified by TikTok, offer female users accessible and cost-effective means for self-expression and communication. However, this study reveals that such platforms, despite their apparent openness and liberality, have not effectively challenged or changed the persistent and deep-rooted issue of gender discrimination that women face. This research adopts a qualitative content analysis and specifically focuses on the TikTok platform, where female users frequently encounter various forms of gender discourse bias and discrimination. The findings suggest that female users on TikTok often face stigmatization through the internet lexicon and the commodification of physical appearance, reflecting broader societal issues of gender inequality and objectification. Simultaneously, a segment of the female user base on TikTok is actively engaging in challenging and negotiating these entrenched stereotypes, striving to redefine their representation in the digital space. Furthermore, the research highlights how the anonymity of the internet, the media’s role in encoding and perpetuating gender stereotypes, and the consumerist traps set by capitalist market dynamics, collectively contribute to an illusory facade of gender equality. This facade obscures the underlying realities of discourse bias and gender discrimination that persist in the digital realm.

"I don't know if I can keep doing this": a qualitative investigation of surgeon burnout and opportunities for organization-level improvement.

Burnout is a pressing issue within surgical environments, bearing considerable consequences for both patients and surgeons alike. Given its prevalence and the unique contextual factors within academic surgical departments, it is critical that efforts are dedicated to understanding this issue. Moreover, active involvement of surgeons in these investigations is critical to ensure viability and uptake of potential strategies in their local setting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore surgeons' experiences with burnout and identify strategies to mitigate its drivers at the level of the organization. A qualitative case study was conducted by recruiting surgeons for participation in a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. Data collected were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, which was informed by the Areas of Worklife Model. Overall, 28 unique surgeons participated in this study; 11 surgeons participated in interviews and 22 provided responses through the survey. Significant contributors to burnout identified included difficulties providing adequate care to patients due to limited resources and time available in academic medical centers and the moral injury associated with these challenges. The inequitable remuneration associated with education, administration, and leadership roles as a result of the Fee-For-Service model, as well as issues of gender inequity and the individualistic culture prevalent in surgical specialties were also described as contributing factors. Participants suggested increasing engagement between hospital leadership and staff to ensure surgeons are able to access resources to care for their patients, reforming payment plans and workplace polities to address issues of inequity, and improving workplace social dynamics as strategies for addressing burnout. The high prevalence and negative sequalae of burnout in surgery necessitates the formation of targeted interventions to address this issue. A collaborative approach to developing interventions to improve burnout among surgeons may lead to feasible and sustainable solutions.

Patriarchal Dominance in English Literature

Patriarchal dominance has been a prevalent theme in English literature throughout its history. Many literary works reflect and critique the societal norms and power structures that have historically favored men over women. Patriarchal norms prescribe rigid gender roles and expectations for men and women, reinforcing stereotypes and inequalities. Women are often relegated to traditional roles as caregivers, homemakers, and subordinate members of the family, while men are expected to be the primary breadwinners and decision-makers. These gender roles perpetuate unequal power dynamics and limit women's autonomy and agency. Prominent examples include Shakespeare's plays, where gender roles and power imbalances are often central to the plot, and classic novels like Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice," which explores women's limited options in a patriarchal society. Over time, literature has evolved to challenge and subvert these patriarchal norms, with authors like Virginia Woolf and Charlotte Perkins Gilman addressing issues of gender inequality and women's autonomy. Feminist literature and criticism have also played a significant role in analyzing and deconstructing patriarchal themes in English literature. Patriarchal dominance, characterized by the historical and societal power imbalance that favors men over women, has been a recurring theme in English literature throughout the ages. This theme reflects and critiques the prevailing gender norms, roles, and inequalities that have persisted within different periods and cultures of English-speaking societies. From early literary works to contemporary literature, patriarchal dominance remains a complex and enduring subject of exploration.

PERAN UN WOMEN DALAM ISU KETIDAKSETARAAN GENDER DI PAKISTAN

In 1994, UNDP released a report on human security, which included a point on personal security. The issue of gender inequality is a threat to personal security. Pakistan is a country that continues to advocate for and work towards gender equality. Inequalities in socio-economic development and the influence of a social structure based on a feudal system led to differences in the level of gender inequality in Pakistan. The high level of gender inequality in Pakistan affects women's ability to fully enjoy their rights. Using the concepts of international organizations, human security theory, and gender equality, this research aims to examine the role of the international organization UN Women in increasing gender equality in Pakistan. Employing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach as the framework, this research found that UN Women serves as a facilitator, communicator, and motivator in advancing gender equality, promoting Sustainable Development Goal 5, and protecting women from violence and discrimination. UN Women actively plays a role in achieving gender equality in Pakistan.

The Challenger’s Triumph: Battling a Tech Titan

The primary purpose of this case is to promote discussion related to effective human resource management practices in undergraduate business courses. This business case revolves around the issues of employment discrimination, retaliation, and gender inequality. In 2020, 38-year-old employee Chelsey Glasson sued Google, alleging that she and others encountered discrimination while pregnant. After facing retaliation from the company, Glasson decided to bring the issue to light. She claimed that managers would give lower performance scores to employees who notified the company they were pregnant, stating that this step in the employee’s life would hinder their performance towards the company.

Counter-discourses to social inequalities and urban modernity: Subaltern women in post-2000s Chinese science fiction

ABSTRACT The issues of resurgent class and gender inequalities, rapid urbanization, and huge regional disparity were a notable focus of many post-2000s Chinese science fiction, which vividly created images of subaltern females. This paper looks at how contemporary Chinese sci-fi authors seek social justice by representing the experiences of various subaltern women within the specific genre of science fiction. It argues that the images of socially and culturally marginalized women were used as effective tools for questioning the intersectional social inequalities in contemporary China. The works discussed in this article all problematize the nature and influences of urban modernity by revealing the intersections, tensions, and contradictions between subaltern women and the classed, gendered modernization process. The sci-fi realist portrayal of subaltern agency and gender struggle also helps to generate powerful counter-discourses to urban modernity and technological utopia.

Feminism in Question: A Survey of Feminist Stance in Me Too Movement on Social Media

This survey-based study investigates the diverse range of feminist viewpoints regarding the MeToo movement on social media platforms. These movements have played a key role in shedding light on issues of sexual harassment and gender inequality. The positive features include the empowerment and strengthening of survivor voices, the call for accountability, and the increased awareness of issues related to consent and harassment. However, it has also prompted powerful debates, with varying viewpoints within the feminist community. This research aims to provide a complete summary of the positive and negative assessments of this movement by feminists. This research used the propaganda model of communication from the social media perspective to build this study. The researcher has adopted a quantitative approach to study the positive and negative aspects using the survey method to capture the voices of feminists with a wide range of opinions, 400 respondents from youth aged between 18 to 30 years living in Lahore and Faisalabad. The study has applied correlation and regression analysis to check the dependency of variables on each other. This study would help women better understand what feminism is, and it will help clarify the fact that the purpose of feminism is to provide equal rights to women. It will also reflect the fact that women cannot justify the misuse of female rights in the name of feminism.

Gender Sensitivity in the Workplace Among Employees of the DSWD Field Office Caraga

The issue of gender inequality is one that has been significantly impacted by workplace diversity. To this end, this study aimed to determine the level of gender sensitivity in the workplace among employees of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Field Office Caraga in terms of their language usage and office activities/management. Moreover, it also assessed the employees’ level of awareness on the entry points of Gender and Development mainstreaming. Statistical tools used in the analysis and interpretation of data include frequency and percentages, weighted mean, independent samples T-test and Anova, and correlation analysis. Favorable findings emerged from the study, with several participants demonstrating admirable degrees of awareness on the entry points of GAD mainstreaming and high level of gender sensitivity in terms of language usage and office activities or management. The results of the study revealed that gender sensitivity and employees' awareness on the DSWD's entry points in GAD mainstreaming are significantly correlated. Furthermore, the data showed significant differences in the employees’ level of gender sensitivity when grouped according to their age, employment status, and work experience. Despite these findings, relevant programs or interventions are proposed that would create a work environment more inclusive and gender sensitive.

Breaking Barriers: A Policy Brief on Advancing Gender Equality for Economic Resilience in Afghanistan

The current political uncertainty casts doubt and critical issues of gender inequality in Afghanistan has a harmful impact on the economic resilience of the country. With limited national economic data and limited access to education, employment, and financial resources, it is difficult to provide full-scale policy practices in the new economic resilience. Despite a significant drop in per capita income, half of the country's 40 million population, girls and women, have been deprived of basic rights and freedom. Following the takeover Aug 2021, the economy contracted by 20.7 percent, with another 3.6 percent contraction followed in 2022. Afghanistan has become one of the poorest countries in the world, with a population growth of around 2% and a peak decline in the economy due to strict gender-based employment policies (UNDP, 2023), (UNDP, 2016). With the return of the DFA government women rights participation in work force and education dramatically regressed(HRW, 2022), (BBC, 2021) . These brief findings suggest that how equal gender participation will be effective and can build more resilient and inclusive economy for sustainable future. This policy brief emphasizes the critical components of success, such as political will, active participation of civil society organizations, adequate funding, and international support. Furthermore, the brief advocates for entrepreneurship to ensure equal gender representation in economic growth. Recognizing the urgent need for transformative change, this comprehensive approach focuses on SDG goal 5 gender equality, understanding that economic growth cannot be achieved if half of the population is unable to work. This roadmap leads to women's empowerment in the socioeconomic landscape(COD, 2022),(UNDP, 2019). By providing an overview, this brief fully supports the initiatives of women's participation in public and private spheres. In summary, this policy brief envisions a future in which women's empowerment serves as a catalyst for transformative change, providing Afghanistan with a sustainable and inclusive path forward.