Communication Issues Research Articles

Barriers and Facilitators to Age-Friendly Health Care: A Scoping Review.

As the global population ages, older adults are increasingly experiencing more complex health problems, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of prolonged hospitalisation. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to age-friendly health care. Scoping review. A systematic search was performed from 2004 to 2024 in the following eight electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database and WanFang. A manual search was conducted through the references of the included papers and related publications. This review utilised the scoping review methodology framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies were screened and extracted independently by two reviewers using a standardised form. Thematic synthesis was used to summarise data. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist was also used. Thirty-seven studies were included. The following six themes were identified: (1) communication and services; (2) facilities and environment; (3) leadership and policy; (4) information management and investment; (5) education and training and (6) multidisciplinary resources. Several barriers and facilitators to age-friendly health care have been reported. Communication and service issues are critical to age-friendly care both in developed and developing countries. Understanding modifiable barriers and facilitators is essential to addressing these factors and promoting evidence-based care for older individuals. With the rapid growth of ageing populations worldwide, hospitals need to adapt to ensure age-friendly health care for older patients, and this review provides insights on barriers and facilitators to age-friendly health care. To this end, the review is designed to stimulate global discussions among hospital leaders, clinicians and staff; policymakers and researchers to improve care for patients as they age. No patient or public contribution.

Medications for opioid use disorders among incarcerated persons and those in the community supervision setting: exploration of implementation issues with key stakeholders

IntroductionReceipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) critically reduces opioid-related mortality during the post-incarceration period. Optimal provision of this care to individuals on community supervision (i.e., probation) requires an understanding of this unique and complex system at the local level.MethodsWe conducted in-depth individual interviews with key treatment providers and probation staff (n = 10) involved with the provision of MOUD to individuals on community supervision in the Northeast. Interviews explored perspectives on the provision of MOUD and support services during the community supervision period. Thematic analysis was conducted to describe inductive and deductive codes, subcodes, and themes.ResultsStakeholders shared diverse attitudes about the benefits and drawbacks of MOUD utilization. The provision of MOUD during the community supervision period was perceived to be influenced by both treatment and probation organizational characteristics, including the structures and values of the agencies. As such, the specific context of the community supervision setting facilitated and impeded MOUD delivery. Persistent challenges to enhancing MOUD delivery to this population remain including widespread MOUD stigma, inter-agency communication issues, and structural barriers to healthcare (i.e., transportation, finances).ConclusionsThere are opportunities to enhance access to evidence-based OUD treatment for persons on community supervision by engaging probation agencies and community treatment staff in systems change.

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION TO ACCELERATE STUNTING REDUCTION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Kepahyang Regency in Bengkulu Province is high (24.9%). Despite the policy of Accelerating Stunting Reduction or Percepatan Penurunan Stunting (PPS) outlined in Presidential Decree Number 72 of 2021, results have been suboptimal. Aims: This study aims to analyze and evaluate the implementation of PPS policies and identify supporting and inhibiting factors. Methods: Research using a qualitative approach, focusing on the evaluation of achievements of 11 specific nutrition intervention indicators with policy implementation analysis using the strengthening of Edward III policy analysis. Data collection used in-depth interview guidelines with six stakeholders, focus group discussions (FGD) in two groups, and document observation. Informants are selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis uses content analysis. Results: The implementation of PPS in Kepahyang Regency faces communication problems, limited resources, complex bureaucratic structures, and inadequate supervision, which shows the need for increased coordination and support. Village government support and good social conditions are supporting factors, while lack of communication between the village government and the community and minimal budget support are the main obstacles. Conclusion: Communication issues, resource limitations, bureaucratic complexity, and inadequate supervision are the inhibiting factors. Strong support from local government and health workers is the supporting factor. Keywords: implementation, policy, specific nutrition interventions, stunting

Engaging youth students in community issues: The efficacy of a citizenship education programme in Kenya

This article explores the implementation and impact of a local democracy programme as a citizenship education framework in Kenya. Focusing on the pedagogical approach of ‘Transmission, Transaction and Reflection’ in Kenya, it examines how secondary students engage with local democratic governance and societal issues by creating and distributing reports in their newsletters. The study reveals the benefits and challenges of integrating citizenship education into the curriculum, highlighting the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, and demonstrates that experiential learning activities, such as student-led reporting, can significantly enhance students’ understanding of democratic values and active citizenship. It underscores the necessity of bridging the theoretical–practical divide to effectively prepare students for their roles as engaged, empowered and ethical citizens. These valuable insights into pedagogical strategies can foster more inclusive and participatory citizenship education in Kenya and similar African contexts.

Secure Drone Communications using MQTT protocol

With the revolutionary change in emerging technologies, the usage of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has exponentially increased in different sectors like Industry, healthcare, military, agriculture, real estate, manufacturing, logistics, energy and many more utilities. This rapid growth creates a concern for the secure communication between the internal communication modules and the ground based computer system used for controlling the UAV. Intruder can hack into the device and attack the internal communication device with the injection of the malicious code which can lead to the malfunction of the aircraft. Security issues related to the communication between the internal modules of the drone and the ground based computer system is of major concern and is crucial. UAVs have to operate in constrained networks with limited bandwidth. In such a constrained environment MQTT protocol can be an excellent protocol. No cryptographic techniques are used to retain the simplicity and the light weight of the MQTT protocol. This contributes for the large scope for emerging with new solutions in the protection issues of MQTT communications. This paper mainly focuses on Armstrong number encryption standard algorithm for providing a computationally simple yet a secure and strong algorithm for UAVs encryption and decryption process on the communication links using MQTT protocol.

Empowering Communities Through the Desa Berdaya Program: Lessons from Bligo Village

Desa Berdaya (Empowered Village) is an acceleration initiative in rural areas utilizing an integrated approach encompassing capacity building, economy, health, education, environment, and disaster preparedness. Its primary aim is to foster and develop local institutions to address community issues. This study seeks to portray the success of community empowerment through the Desa Berdaya program in Bligo Village, initiated by the private organization Rumah Zakat, by analyzing the 5P empowerment strategies: enabling, strengthening, protecting, supporting, and maintaining. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed. Data collection was conducted using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, including Bligo Village Government officials, Rumah Zakat facilitators, women’s farming groups, the Bligo Beriman waste bank, entrepreneurs, and local community members, totaling ten informants. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Desa Berdaya program in Bligo Village does not follow specific criteria but is based on program facilitators’ recommendations, often prioritizing their home villages. Based on the 5P empowerment strategy, the enabling stage involved dialogues with the village head, community leaders, and other key members deemed capable of implementing the Desa Berdaya program. During the strengthening stage, formal groups were formed, and collaborations with various internal and external parties were initiated. The protection stage was realized by issuing official decrees for the established groups, along with financial support from Rumah Zakat, Bligo Village Government, and the Magelang Regency Agricultural Office. The supporting stage was conducted through facilitation and guidance provided by program facilitators to the community. Finally, the maintenance stage was carried out by fostering a conducive atmosphere within the empowerment groups. The Desa Berdaya program positively impacts Bligo Village, particularly in social, health, environmental, and economic aspects. The reactivation of community groups and the establishment of a waste bank, which remains well-managed, are among the significant outcomes. The people of Bligo Village have become increasingly critical in addressing social and economic issues in their community due to the continuous empowerment process, which persists to this day.

Fear, death anxiety, and religious coping in response to COVID-19 among older adults in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study examined fear, death anxiety, and religious coping in older adults during COVID-19, emphasizing the pandemic’s psychological impact. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and April 2022 at a university-affiliated Research and Training Hospital Family Medicine polyclinic. The study included 284 voluntary participants aged 65 and above, with no communication issues, recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, COVID-19 Fear Scale, Religious Coping Scale, and Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and analyzed with SPSS software for descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated a medium level of COVID-19 fear, with singles, those living alone, and individuals who had contracted COVID-19 showing higher fear levels. Female participants reported significantly higher death anxiety. Primary and secondary education graduates relied more on religious coping, which was less common among those who had experienced COVID-19. A negative correlation was found between social-religious coping and death anxiety, while a positive correlation existed between death anxiety and COVID-19 fear. The study highlights that older adults continue to experience moderate levels of COVID-19-related fear and death anxiety. High reliance on religious coping strategies effectively reduces death anxiety. Based on these findings, integrating spiritual support services in healthcare and implementing gender-sensitive mental health interventions are recommended to better support older adults’ psychological needs.

Analyzing real-time communication: Arduino-based Controller Area Network (CAN) in electric vehicle

The increasing complexity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the growing demand for propulsion and driver assistance have strengthened the need for CAN networks. This necessitates a detailed analysis of communication and CAN bus utilization. A low bus load does not guarantee a valid design if response times are insufficient. This paper presents a response time analysis (RTA) of a distributed real-time control system that uses an Arduino-based CAN network and an MCP2515 interface to check if the system can be scheduled. The RTA is based on calculating the worst-case response time of the message (WCRT), which is its longest response time. The prototype EV houses a system consisting of four (4) real-time embedded CAN nodes. We have implemented a PID controller within the motor speed control node. Based on existing literature, we proposed an algorithm to calculate the WCRT of the control system messages and another to address the priority inversion issue in network communication. The experimental results for the PID controller are satisfactory. The controller reaches the target speed with minimal oscillations with values 478ms, 31.81s, 0.62%, and 2.57%, corresponding to time rise, settling time, steady-state error, and overshoot at 90 rpm, demonstrating its robust performance. Experimental results confirm the scheduling analysis of the system with a low bus load (0.9% at 500 kbps). The tests conducted on the experimental and SAE benchmark data show that validity depends on message schedulability, bus load, and bandwidth. A system may be schedulable at 500 kbps but not at 125 kbps with the same traffic.

Comprehensive Review of Teamwork and Coordination between Nursing and Emergency Staff in High-Stress Situations

Due to specialized roles and highly stressful practice areas such as emergency department and disaster response, there must be cooperation between nursing and emergency staff. Specifically, critical care requires high-quality teamwork, time-sharing, and rational management of all available resources to provide patients with the required care. This review delves into the challenges of teamwork, which comprises inclusiveness of communication issues, role definition disparities, and scarcity of resources for implementing teamwork strategies, including simulation training, leadership advancement, and the use of standardized communication protocols such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation). The study reveals that improvements in team cooperation have important implications for increases in the safety of patients and a decrease in errors among emergency care providers. Suggestions for enhancing team processes and organizational facilitative structures are made.

Utilizing Extractive Transportation Infrastructures for Subsistence Livelihoods: Experience of Evenki Communities in Eastern Siberia

The availability of natural resources drives the exploration and transformation of remote regions in the Arctic and beyond. Extractive infrastructure is one of the major sources of industrial development and environmental impact on landscapes. For Indigenous people, these landscapes are homely environments full of sentient beings, and for other local communities, they provide a wide variety of subsistence and hunting resources. While extractive infrastructure violence is the evident issue for many Indigenous communities, there are more complicated situations where extractive infrastructure is adopted and utilized for the subsistence and support of other human and more-than-human relations in local and Indigenous communities. Based on materials from interviews and observations with Evenki communities in Eastern Siberia in 2013–2021, the authors discuss the complex relations and sustainability issues entangled around infrastructure objects’ creation, use, maintenance, and transformations. The results demonstrate a wide variety of relations between obshchinas (non-governmental organizations of Indigenous peoples) and extractive companies constructed with infrastructure development of the latter. The paper discusses the shortcomings of the top-down approach in infrastructure planning and the need for contextualization and meaningful engagement with affected communities, some examples of which have already taken place in specific locales. The study concludes by calling for the support of environmentally and socially just infrastructure defined by Indigenous people and local communities as a way to increase sustainability.

Deep Reinforcement Learning and Enhanced Optimization for Real-Time Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

Constraints are a major issue in radio-based communication in Wireless Sensor Networks, where each sensor node has a limited amount of power. Conventional clustering and optimization methods have been inappropriate for dynamic conditions which lead to timely energy drainage and reduce the network lifetime. In this research, the novel Deep Reinforcement Learning-Enhanced Hybrid African Vulture and Aquila Optimizer has been proposed that optimizes the dynamic clustering and energy-based parameters in real time. The proposed model is designed for optimizing the Wireless Sensor Networks, by including Deep Reinforcement Learning to adjust the dynamic formation of the base of the cluster on real-time data which leads to efficient energy utilization among all the sensor nodes. It combines the best properties of the Aquila and African Vulture Optimizer to optimize the network lifetime and energy consumption. The network lifetime, which is one of the most crucial characteristics, is optimized by using the global search algorithm of African Vulture Optimiser. In contrast, it is optimized by the localized search of Aquila optimizer to reduce energy consumption. The presented novel African Vulture and Aquila model outperforms the existing methods used convention-based optimization methods. It shows a 20% improvement in energy efficiency and faster convergence with better robustness while keeping the network scalability. The proposed approach is perfectly suited for the scalable WSNs which are mainly used in the environment such as smart cities and IoT systems where a timely adaptation process is inevitable.

Pathways from poverty to child mental health in Burkina Faso: Longitudinal mediation analyses in a cluster-randomized clinical trial

The study applies the Family Stress Model to examine the impact of an integrated intervention on the mental health of children facing chronic adversity in Burkina Faso. Its primary goal is to enhance understanding of individual and relational factors at the family level as mediators and specific mechanisms through which poverty reduction can impact child well-being. Cross-lagged autoregressive longitudinal mediation analyses tested the intervention effect on child mental health, examining maternal depression, maternal anxiety, harsh parenting, and child exposure to abuse as potential mediators. Longitudinal data were collected over the course of 24 months in a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted among 360 dyads (children aged 10-15 and their female caregivers) in Burkina Faso. Participants were randomized into a control arm, economic intervention using the Graduation approach (Treatment Arm 1), or a combination of economic strengthening and family coaching (Treatment Arm 2). In Treatment Arm 1, maternal depression fully mediated the intervention effect on child's depression (B=-0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] from-0.26 to-0.003) and child's self-esteem (B= 0.05, 95% CI from 0.001-0.18). In Treatment Arm 2, violent parenting practices partially mediated the intervention effect on child's depression (B=-0.08, 95% CI from-0.29 to-0.01). Our study underscores the importance of multifaceted interventions merging economic empowerment with family-focused child protection strategies. This approach fosters a supportive family environment, reducing children's vulnerability to mental health issues in resource-poor communities. It enriches our understanding of how parental economic and behavioral interventions impact child mental health outcomes.

Multiple ancestral components and complex origins of the Yugur people in Gansu province revealing by 35 Y-STR.

The Yugur people represent one of the ethnic groups residing within the Hexi Corridor, distinguishable by their small population size, linguistic diversity, intricate ancestral components, serving as a quintessential exemplar of the populations inhabiting this corridor. There are still many controversial issues in the academic community regarding the origin, migration, and formation process of the Yugur. In this study, we explored the formation process of the Yugur from the perspective of molecular anthropology, based on the paternal genetic characteristics of the Yugur people. And the study will synthesize multiple disciplines, encompassing ethnology, history and linguistics, in order to offer a thorough analysis. Within this research endeavor, a high-resolution kit comprising 35 Y-STRs was employed to examine 237 male specimens from the Yugur people in Gansu province. Y-SNP haplogroups were deduced through the utilization of Y-STR data. The paternal genetic data from diverse populations documented in published literature were merged to construct a 16 Y-STR dataset, a 25 Y-STR dataset, and a dataset detailing haplogroup frequencies. In this study, we employed haplotype network analysis, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and genetic distance calculations to delve into the genetic structure, haplotype distribution, and genetic relationship with neighboring populations of the Yugur people. The findings of this study reveal that the Yugur people are a blend of ancestral lineages from both Eastern and Western Eurasian origins, with approximately 13% of their genetic component traced back to Western Eurasian populations. The Yugur people in Gansu province exhibits a more intimate genetic relationship with the Han, Tibetan, and Mongolian populations inhabiting nearby regions, while showing distinct genetic differences with Turkic-speaking groups like the Uyghur. Based on the merged data, we identified Q1b1a3-L330 and R1a1a-M17 shared with Turkic-speaking people, C2a1a1-F1756, C2a1a3-M504, C2a1a3a-F3796, C2a1a2-M48 and C2b1a1a1a-M407 shared with Mongolic-speaking people, D1a1a-M15 and D1a1b1-P47 shared with Tibetans, and multiple paternal lineages shared with Han people, which are the main paternal lineages of Yugur people, indicating multiple ancestral components and complex origins of Yugur. In this study, we provided a clearer genetic landscape which further supports the formation process and population characteristics of the Yugur people recorded in history, ethnology, and linguistics, and lays the foundation for more detailed studies on population genetics and forensic genetics in the future.

Ethics as a Challenge: a Look at Media Texts

The text poses the problem of ethics in media communication. Some journalistic articles related to the history of Bulgarian journalism were examined. In parallel, attention is also directed to modern media content. The main idea of the article is to present the problem of journalistic ethics as original and still problematic. As part of the research methodology, a typological parallel was made between old editions of newspapers and today's articles. We see that the problem of journalistic ethics has existed as a key issue in public communication since the very beginning of Bulgarian journalism. In our modern journalism, the ethics of communication (public writing and speaking) is still an issue that our society has not fully resolved.

Critical Ethics for Communicating Indigenous Craft Practices

Abstract This article explores questions of critical ethics for communicating Indigenous craft practices through the lens of a project undertaken in Brazil in 2021–2022. The project was a collaboration between educators at the Royal College of Art, London, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, and the Munduruku inhabitants who live in Bragança-Marituba, Pará, Brazil. It resulted in a “living” repository of craft practices and Indigenous Knowledge, incorporated into an online village library. The ethical and methodological questions this raised, especially around the issue of intercultural communication and critical librarianship, offered fresh ways of documenting the representation of Indigenous craft knowledge and traditional cultural heritage and point to how design history can be “owned” by a community.

Health Communication on COVID-19 Vaccine Through News Media Text Analysis in China

This study addresses the issue of insufficient public communication in health communication by analyzing the dominant themes related to COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese news media. The research aims to propose strategies for enhancing health communication with the public. Through text analysis and topic modeling, 4 primary themes concerning COVID-19 vaccines and 14 topics in newspaper reports were identified: 1. vaccination progress, 2. vaccination efforts, 3. global vaccine development and production, and 4. prevention and control measures. Based on these findings, the study recommends the following strategies to improve health communication and increase public awareness: 1. enhancing transparency and accuracy in vaccination reporting, 2. expanding the dissemination of vaccination campaigns and volunteer initiatives related to pandemic prevention, and 3. utilizing local media channels to better address regional information needs.

Analisis Konvergensi dan Divergensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya: Studi Kasus Komunikasi Mahasiswa Papua di Universitas Mataram

Intercultural communication issues often pose challenges in higher education environments, especially in universities with diverse students from various cultural backgrounds. The University of Mataram, as one of Indonesia's higher education institutions, has a number of students from Papua who face difficulties in adapting to the local culture. This study aims to analyze the convergence and divergence in intercultural communication between Papua students and other students, particularly local students, at the University of Mataram, and to identify the factors influencing their adaptation and integration processes. The findings of this study reveal that Papua students encounter several challenges in communicating and adapting to the local culture at the University of Mataram. Key factors influencing the convergence and divergence in communication include language differences, social norms, and cultural practices. On the other hand, there are also some adaptation mechanisms utilized by Papua students to overcome these challenges, such as forming support groups and participating in local cultural activities

Native HeArts: Digital Storytelling Through Indigenous Art

ABSTRACT Health disparities for Native/Indigenous youth are perpetuated by systemic bias and racism. Both the scientific literature and media play a role in maintaining disparities by telling stories through narrative or numbers that invalidate Indigenous knowledge and ways of systematic investigation, intervention, and communication regarding health and well-being. Youth were mentored by Indigenous artists to develop culturally relevant digital stories that speak to community wellness efforts, strengths, and resilience in regard to substance abuse and suicide prevention (from youth perspectives) to target root causes of health disparities by shifting narrative power to decolonial Indigenous philosophies. Together, we developed an intervention that targets the underlying root causes of health disparities by transforming the very structures upon which health interventions hinge. The realm of communication is one of these structures that is ripe with possibilities for new conceptions that uplift strength-based narratives through digital media. We created an intervention that emphasizes possibilities through positive images of Indigenous people, effectively addressing community issues by building community-based narrative power.

Study on Impact Mechanisms of Resident Adaptability in Old Communities Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory: Theoretical Construction and Empirical Analysis of Xuzhou City Center

Confronted with both internal environmental degradation and external economic transformation, the internal environment of old residential communities has become increasingly complex. Enhancing resident adaptability is crucial for communities to address multiple urban crises and align with community development and evolution. Complex Adaptive System (CAS) theory provides an excellent analytical framework for this study, emphasizing that the adaptability of agents contributes to system complexity. The complex adaptability issues faced by old residential communities essentially involve mismatches among resident adaptive capacities, pathways, and objectives amid changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions. This study focuses on residents of 15 old residential communities in the central urban area of Xuzhou. Utilizing CAS theory, a structural equation model is constructed to explore the mechanisms influencing resident adaptability. The results indicate that the following: ① The perceived built environment and social environment have significant positive impacts on resident adaptability. ② Mediation analysis reveals that the perceived built environment plays a positive mediating role in the relationship between the objective built environment and resident adaptability, as well as between the social environment and resident adaptability. The objective built environment also serves as a positive mediator when the social environment affects resident adaptability. ③ Among the control variables examined, income, family structure, and housing tenure significantly impact resident adaptability. This study not only deepens the theoretical understanding of adaptability issues in old residential communities, providing a more nuanced perspective for understanding residents’ adaptive behaviors in complex environments, but also offers specific strategic recommendations for community renewal and enhancing resident adaptability, thus holding significant theoretical and practical value.

I-SIRch: AI-powered concept annotation tool for equitable extraction and analysis of safety insights from maternity investigations

BackgroundMaternity care is a complex system involving treatments and interactions between patients, healthcare providers, and the care environment. To enhance patient safety and outcomes, it is crucial to understand the human factors (e.g. individuals' decisions, local facilities) influencing healthcare. However, most current tools for analysing healthcare data focus only on biomedical concepts (e.g. health conditions, procedures and tests), overlooking the importance of human factors. MethodsWe developed a new approach called I-SIRch, using artificial intelligence to automatically identify and label human factors concepts in maternity investigation reports describing adverse maternity incidents produced by England's Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB). These incident investigation reports aim to identify opportunities for learning and improving maternal safety across the entire healthcare system. Unlike existing clinical annotation tools that extract solely biomedical insights, I-SIRch is uniquely designed to capture the socio-technical dimensions of patient safety incidents. This innovation enables a more comprehensive analysis of the complex systemic issues underlying adverse events in maternity care, providing insights that were previously difficult to obtain at scale. Importantly, I-SIRch employs a hybrid approach, incorporating human expertise to validate and refine the AI-generated annotations, ensuring the highest quality of analysis. FindingsI-SIRch was trained using real data and tested on both real and synthetic data to evaluate its performance in identifying human factors concepts. When applied to real reports, the model achieved a high level of accuracy, correctly identifying relevant concepts in 90% of the sentences from 97 reports (Balanced Accuracy of 90% ± 18% (Recall 93% ± 18%, Precision 87% ± 34%, F-score 96% ± 10%). Applying I-SIRch to analyse these reports revealed that certain human factors disproportionately affected mothers from different ethnic groups. In particular, gaps in risk assessment were more prevalent for minority mothers, whilst communication issues were common across all groups but potentially more for minorities. InterpretationOur work demonstrates the potential of using automated tools to identify human factors concepts in maternity incident investigation reports, rather than focusing solely on biomedical concepts. This approach opens up new possibilities for understanding the complex interplay between social, technical and organisational factors influencing maternal safety and population health outcomes. By taking a more comprehensive view of maternal healthcare delivery, we can develop targeted interventions to address disparities and improve maternal outcomes. Targeted interventions to address these disparities could include culturally sensitive risk assessment protocols, enhanced language support, and specialised training for healthcare providers on recognising and mitigating biases. These findings highlight the need for tailored approaches to improve equitable care delivery and outcomes in maternity services. The I-SIRch framework thus represents a significant advancement in our ability to extract actionable intelligence from healthcare incident reports, moving beyond traditional clinical factors to encompass the broader systemic issues that impact patient safety.