Isometric Perspective Research Articles

The Developmental Changes in Cube Copying Abilities of Japanese Children with Typical Development

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the developmental changes in Necker cube copying and isometric perspective cube copying abilities of Japanese children of typical development.Methods and Results: [Study-1] A total of 40 individuals aged 5-18 years participated in Study-1. The Necker cube copying task was administered, and scores were assigned based on the method developed by Yorimitsu et al. (2013). The results showed that the scores increased significantly for children in the 8-9 years age group (p < 0.01).[Study-2] A total of 32 individuals aged 6-10 years participated in Study-2. The isometric perspective cube copying task was administered, and scores were assigned based on the method developed by Otomo (2009). The results showed that the scores increased significantly for children in the 7-8 years age group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Japanese children of typical development were able to perform the Necker cube copying task from approximately nine years of age. The same participants were able to perform the isometric perspective cube copying task from approximately eight years of age.

A new approach to rapid 3D modelling of rock mass structure

The prediction of rock mass behaviour is an important task in many engineering projects, as the behaviour of rock masses can be controlled by the presence of discontinuities. Being able to map the structure of a rock mass is crucial to understanding its potential behaviour. This understanding can positively impact on the safety and efficiency of an engineering project. In this research, rock masses were modelled and analysed using linear mathematical transformations and isometric perspective methods to achieve meaningful three-dimensional results. The rock mass fracture representation is based on explicit modelling of rock faces. The developed model can improve safety and productivity through its application in the determination and analysis of rock mass structure for geological and geotechnical assessment. Based on the methods explained here, a software system was developed for analysing the geometric characteristics of discontinuities in a rock mass. In this model, discontinuities in a rock mass can be visualised both individually and in combination, and cross-sections can be generated at any desired location. In addition, intersection lines between discontinuities can be generated as dip direction vectors. The natural structure attained by using this developed model agrees well with field measurements.

A geometric approach for natural rock blocks in engineering structures

The spatial positions of the discontinuities and the shapes of rock blocks that are bounded into rock masses are important features that should be taken into consideration, especially in an effort to better understand the mechanisms in which a rock fails under a load. Therefore, explicit descriptions of in situ rock mass structures are necessary in many areas of mining and construction engineering. In this paper, new geometrical classifications of two discontinuities as a construction method are developed according to the spatial orientations of the discontinuities and their locations relative to each other. Discontinuities were geometrically analyzed using a rectangular prism as an engineering structure. Thus, the geometries of the possible failure of rock blocks in engineering structures were generated and included road cuts, open slopes, and dam walls that are founded in rock media. Several basic mathematical equations and approaches derived from these equations were used. Thus, wedge forms bounded by two discontinuities and free surfaces were geometrically identified and classified. In addition, the isometric perspective method was used to better illustrate the methodology. The results obtained from two experiment fields show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.

Context Aware Terrain Visualization for Wayfinding and Navigation

AbstractTo assist wayfinding and navigation, the display of maps and driving directions on mobile devices is nowadays commonplace. While existing system can naturally exploit GPS information to facilitate orientation, the inherently limited screen space is often perceived as a drawback compared to traditional street maps as it constrains the perception of contextual information. Moreover, occlusion issues add to this problem if the environment is shown from the popular egocentric perspective.In this paper we describe an interactive visualization system that addresses these problems by reallocating the available screen space. At the heart of our system are three novel visualization techniques: First, we propose a non‐standard perspective that allows to blend between the familiar pedestrian perspective and a standard map depiction with reduced occlusion. Second, we derive an efficient deformation technique that allows an interactive allocation of screen space to areas of interest like e.g. nearby touristic attractions. Finally, a path adaptive isometric perspective is proposed that reveals otherwise hidden facades in top‐down views. We describe efficient implementations of all techniques and exemplify our interactive system on real world urban models.

An approach to geometrical modelling of slope curves and discontinuities

Conventional geometrical methods for mining applications such as geologic mapping, cross-sections, logging, stereonets, contours and others are so sophisticated that often additional explanations are needed. After studying conventional geometrical methods, we decided to analyze both general slope curves and discontinuities of open pit mines used in excavations in rock mass to achieve meaningful 3D results by using linear mathematical transformation and isometric perspective methods. In addition, a new reorganization of discontinuities as a construction method has been developed according to their spatial orientations. In the developed method, slope curves and discontinuities were geometrically analyzed in a rectangular prism. An example of a detailed structural study of the Doğankuzu South Block Bauxite Open Pit Mine in Seydişehir, Turkey is given. Results indicate that there is a high similarity in both slope curves and discontinuity traces on free surfaces. The main aim of this study is to present a fast and practical visualization of these structures using directly conventional surveying instruments such as theodolite and compass-clinometer or periodic product maps. Present limitations of the method and further studies are also stipulated.

Experiments on the Dynamic Response of a Flexible Strip to Moving Loads

Experimental findings are reported on the dynamic response of a flexible strip to moving loads traveling at an obtique angle to its edges. The strip is wrapped under tension around a pair of supporting pressurized cylinder halves. The moving loads are applied to the flexible strip at the gap between the two cylinder halves. A capacitance displacement transducer measures the dynamic response of the strip, which is shown in isometric perspective for various boundary conditions. It is shown that waves on the strip created by the moving loads can be eliminated by providing a hydrodynamic air film support to the flexible strip in the vicinity of the moving loads. Experiments demonstrate that response to the loads along the edges of the strip differs from that near its center, which is to be expected because of the reflection of flexural waves from the boundaries of the strip.

A method of graphic reconstruction in isometric perspective.

A method of graphic reconstruction in isometric perspective.