Isometric Program Research Articles

Assessing the effectiveness of EMG-biofeedback on an isometric strengthening program in individuals with multiple sclerosis

The purpose of this randomized controlled experiment was to assess the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback as an adjunct treatment to isometric exercise in MS patients. 20 patients took part in the research. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: biofeedback (n = 10) or control (n = 10). Over a period of six weeks, participants followed their individual workout plans five days a week. The control group just received an exercise program, whereas the biofeedback group received an electromyographic biofeedback-guided isometric exercise program. The study's endpoints included quadriceps strength, functional impairment, and pain. At baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, and at a follow-up at Week 12, measurements were obtained. In between-group comparisons, the pain intensity, maximal isometric quadriceps strength and functional disability in the biofeedback group was substantially larger than that of the control group at the end of the sixth week (p< 0.05). For MS patients with quadriceps muscle problems, adding electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) to a 6-week isometric exercise program showed to boost quadriceps muscle strength more than the exercise program alone. The findings, however, should be taken with care owing to research design constraints.

Impact of Isometric Exercise in Adolescents With End Stage Kidney Disease and Unsuitable Vessels For An Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula.

Despite the lack of calcification, to perform a native Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) in young patients may pose a challenge due to small vessel diameter. We report a case series with no options of AVF in which vessel caliber improvement after isometric exercise allowed for radiocephalic fistula creation in all of them. Since 2017 to 2019, four patients were referred to our unit to create an AVF. Following a first assessment with physical examination and doppler ultrasound, none of them were eligible for AVF performance due to small vessel caliber. Once they were considered unsuitable for it, they started an isometric exercise program. Age ranged from 13 to 19years. There were three males and one female. Two were in predialysis and two in hemodialysis program. Initial diameters of the forearm cephalic vein and the radial artery respectively were: case A < 1.5/2.3mm, case B 1.5/1.6mm, case C < 1.5/1.6mm and case D 2.1/1.3mm. Median duration of exercise program was 13weeks (range 5-23). Post-exercise vessel diameters were: case A 2.7/2.3mm, case B 2.5/2mm, case C 2.8/1.8mm and case D 2.7/2mm. Radiocephalic AVF were performed in the four cases. After a median follow up of 19 months (range 9-30months), 75% of patients required further interventions but all of them had a functional AVF. In these four cases isometric preoperative exercise allowed the creation of AVF. Without the improvement in vessel diameter observed afterwards, all of them would have been rejected for AVF performance. Despite the high rate of adjunctive interventions needed, given the safety of the program and the potential risks of Central Venous Catheters, we consider it a valuable option.

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of postoperative hand exercise training on arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients with chronic kidney disease

Immature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a critical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after creation. Exercise with 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) encourages vascular functions in other populations. It is unknown which exercise type is superior on maturation in the CKD population. We compare effects of isometric (ISM) and isotonic (IST) hand exercise training, both at 30% MVC, on AVF maturation and grip strength in patients with CKD. Fifty patients with CKD were randomized into the ISM program or IST program (25 per group). Each group performed exercise program at intensity of 30% MVC every day for 10 weeks. Cephalic vein (CV) and brachial artery diameters, brachial blood flows, and grip strength were measured at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 10 of the program. The number of patients meeting clinical and ultrasound maturation were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, and 10. At weeks 6 and 10 of the programs, the ISM group had greater CV diameters (week 6, 7.1 ± 1.2 vs 6.2 ± 1.0 mm; week 10, 7.1 ± 1.0 vs 6.2 ± 1.1 mm) than the IST group. Compared with the IST group, the ISM group had a higher number of patients meeting ultrasound maturation at weeks 2 (IST/ISM, 8/2), 6 (IST/ISM, 16/8), and 10 (IST/ISM, 21/12), and clinical maturation at week 10 (IST/ISM, 25/18). No adverse events were observed throughout the study. At 30% MVC, ISM is more effective at promoting increases in CV diameter and maturation than IST. Both exercise types are feasible and safe for patients with CKD after AVF creation.

Efficacy of Electromyographic-Biofeedback Supplementation Training with Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Strengthening in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Young Adult Male Athletes

This study compares the effects of electromyographic-biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening with patellar taping and isometric exercise alone in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) among young adult male athletes. Sixty young adult male athletes with PFPS participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) EMG-BF-guided isometric exercise training with patellar taping (experimental group, n = 30), and (2) sham EMG-BF training with an isometric exercise program (control group, n = 30). Participants conducted their respective exercise programs for five days per week across four weeks. Study outcomes were pain (measured by the visual analog scale), functional disability (measured by the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain scale), and quadriceps strength (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer). Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and during a follow-up at Week 6. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to that of the control group (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). The score remained significantly lower at the Week 6 follow-up compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). There were no differences in knee function at Weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups (p = 0.086 and 0.171, respectively); however, the experimental group showed significantly better knee function at Week 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). There were no differences in quadriceps strength at Week 2 between the two groups (p = 0.259); however, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps strength at Weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.0008). Four weeks of EMG-BF supplementation training with patellar taping demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, and quadriceps muscle strength in young adult male athletes with PFPS.

The importance of cancer patients' functional recollections to explore the acceptability of an isometric-resistance exercise intervention: A qualitative study.

Background and AimsAlthough it has been widely recognized the potential of physical activity to help cancer patients' preparation for and recovery from surgery, there is little consideration of patient reflections and recovery experiences to help shape adherence to exercise programs. The aim was to explore the acceptability of our newly proposed isometric exercise program in a large general hospital trust in England providing specialist cancer care by using patient recollections of illness and therapy prior to undertaking a randomized controlled trial.MethodsFour Focus groups (FGs) were conducted with cancer survivors with an explicit focus on patient identity, functional capacity, physical strength, exercise advice, types of activities as well as the timing of our exercise program and its suitability. Thematic framework analysis was used with NVivo 11.ResultsFG data was collected in January 2016. A total of 13 patients were participated, 10 were male and 3 were female with participants' ages ranging from 39 to 77. Data saturation was achieved when no new information had been generated reaching “information redundancy.” Participants reflected upon their post‐surgery recovery experiences on the appropriateness and suitability of the proposed intervention, what they thought about its delivery and format, and with hindsight what the psychological enablers and barriers would be to participation.ConclusionBased upon the subjective recollections and recovery experiences of cancer survivors, isometric‐resistance exercise interventions tailored to individuals with abdominal cancer has the potential to be acceptable for perioperative patients to help increase their physical activity and can also help with emotional and psychological recovery.

Isometric exercise, acupuncture, and magnet therapy for knee osteoarthritis: randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease, particularly in the elderly population. Degenerative disorders of the cartilage cause pain and stiffness in the knee joint. As a result, patients frequently experience limitation in their daily activities. Purpose: To compare the effects of exercise, acupuncture, and magnet therapy on symptoms and physical function among middle-aged and elderly people with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: We carried out a parallel three-arm randomized clinical trial in an outpatient clinic of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at a University Hospital. In total, 60 female patients of age ≥ 40 years with chronic knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to one of three groups of isometric exercise, acupuncture, and magnet therapy. The primary outcome measure was subjective pain rated according to the Visual Analog Scale. We also used the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for assessing and monitoring the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in order to evaluate the efficacy of the interventions. An isometric exercise program was prescribed, consisting of three sessions per week for six weeks. Participants in the acupuncture group received three treatment sessions per week for six weeks, each lasting for 30 minutes. For pulsed electro-magnetic field therapy, a total of three 30-minute sessions per week for a period of 6 weeks were administered to each patient. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups in terms of the outcome measures (all p values &gt; 0.05). However, within-group analyses showed that there were significant differences regarding the clinical outcomes in each group (all p values &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: All three therapeutic modalities are effective and could be used as the first line of treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, it should be noted that the favorable outcomes remained at least two months after treatment concluded.

Effects of isokinetic, isometric, and aerobic exercises on clinical variables and knee cartilage volume using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with osteoarthritis.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of isokinetic, isometric, and aerobic exercise protocols on pain, disability, physical function, and articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. A total of 45 women (mean age 52.1 years; range 45 to 65 years) who were admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis between May 2008 and January 2010 were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups as isokinetic (n=15), aerobic (n=15), and isometric exercise groups (n=15). Exercise protocols were applied five days a week for four weeks. Pain was evaluated using a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS-pain), pain, joint stiffness and physical function was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and disability was assessed using the Lequesne Index before and after the interventions. Isokinetic knee muscle strength measurements were also obtained. Patellar and femoral cartilage volumes were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. The VAS-pain, WOMAC, and Lequesne scores and peak torque values of knee extension improved in all groups with the highest improvement in the isokinetic group. For the knee flexion peak torque values, improvements were significant only in the isokinetic group at both velocities. There was no significant change in the femoral cartilage volume in any group after the interventions. However, patellar cartilage volume significantly increased in the isometric group (p=0.036). A four-week isokinetic, aerobic, and isometric exercise programs improved pain and functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Isokinetic exercise also increased the muscle strength with improved maintenance of the quadriceps/hamstring ratio. Only isometric exercise increased the patellar cartilage volume.

Isokinetic exercise improves concentric knee flexion torque better than isometric exercise in patients with advanced osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: Although exercise is recommended for knee osteoarthritis, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies comparing isometric and isokinetic exercise in relation to the degree of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of isokinetic and isometric exercise program s in terms of pain, physical function and muscle strength in relation to the severity of knee osteoarthritis. METHOD: A total of 73 females, aged 50-65 years with bilateral Grade II (n= 36) and Grade III (n= 37) knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to an isokinetic [Grade II (n= 19), Grade III (n= 18)], or isometric exercise group [Grade II (n= 17), Grade III (n= 19)]. The isokinetic groups underwent a concentric strengthening program at 90°/s and 120°/s once per day, and the isometric groups underwent an isometric strengthening program at 3 times per day for 15 days. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound and hot packs were applied for all groups. The primary outcome measure was pain evaluated by visual analogue scale and secondary outcome measures of Western Ontario {&} McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, sit-stand, standing-up from a chair and 15-m walking, ascend/descend stairs, and concentric flexor and extensor peak torque at 90, 120, 180 and 300°/s were measured in all patients before and after 15 days of treatment. RESULTS: A significant difference was determined between the isokinetic grade III group and the isometric grade III group adjusted to baseline values at 15 days post-treatment in respect of flexion peak torque value at 120°/s.The change in the peak torque value in the isokinetic grade III group was greater than that of the the isometric grade III group (108%, 59%, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the other outcome measures and isokinetic peak torque values at different velocities. CONCLUSION: The concentric flexion torque at 120°/s improved more in the isokinetic grade III group than in the isometric grade III group.

EFFECT OF MANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE AND EXERCISES IN POST-MASTECTOMY PATIENTS

In present world lymphedema is one of the side effects of mastectomy. When we talk about the treatment of lymphedema the standard treatment which comes into our mind is, complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP). This treatment includes MLD (manual lymphatic drainage), short stretch bandaging, exercises program and also care of skin of the pectoral region and the surroundings as well as pneumatic compression (intermittent). Patient came with unilateral stage l lymphedema with a history of mastectomy. To treat the patient we used MLD, intermittent pneumatic compression and exercises. In the treatment of lymphedema manual lymphatic drainage is performed (MLD). The purpose of performing MLD was to find out the effectiveness in treating breast cancer related lymphedema and also prevent fluid formation in subcutaneous tissues. METHOD We gave the 12-session of manual lymphatic drainage and exercise in every month. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Showing that therapy created has an excellent effect. The lymphedema reduced day by day and It could also be the options to do isometric exercise program instead of performing short stretch bandaging. It is also considered as another option to treat individuals who are contraindicated for pressure therapy. When treating breast cancer you may come across the arm lymphedema. Quality of life may get affected and may also impact long term recovery and survivorship. Early treatment and preventions always plays a significant role in minimizing the complications.

Assessment of Effects of Upper Extremity Exercise with Arm Tourniquet on Maturity of Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients

This study was designed to investigate the effects of hand exercise using a tourniquet on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturity in patients with end stage renal disease. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 25 patients. After creating an AVF, in the control group, patients were asked to start doing simple hand exercise- opening and closing the fingers. In the second groups, patients underwent a structured isometric exercise program. The pre exercise and post exercise ultrasound examination were performed in the first 24 hours and 2 weeks after the operation respectively. Patients were also clinically evaluated at the end of the study. Post exercise ultrasound showed significant difference in the draining vein diameter, vein wall thickness, vein area and blood flow rate (BFR) (p-value: 0.009, 0.04, 0.02 and 0.02 respectively). The number of patients who had clinically mature AVFs in the case group was significantly more than the control group (13 vs. 5; p-value: 0.008). We conclude that hand exercise using arm tourniquet affects most sonographic parameters which are associated with AVF maturity, and could be beneficial for acceleration of AVF clinical maturation.

Effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback training on quadriceps muscle strength in osteoarthritis of knee

The objective of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback as an add-on therapy with isometric exercise on quadriceps strengthening in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Thirty three, 10 men and 23 women, patients with osteoarthritis of knee participated in the study. Patients were randomly placed into two groups: a biofeedback group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 16). The biofeedback group received electromyographic biofeedback-guided isometric exercise programme for 5 days a week for 5 weeks, whereas the control group received an exercise programme only. On between-group comparisons, the maximum isometric quadriceps strength in biofeedback group, at the end of 5th week was significantly greater than that of the control group (p < 0.004). The addition of electromyographic biofeedback to a 5-week isometric exercise program appeared to increase quadriceps muscle strength, compared to the exercise program alone for people with knee osteoarthritis. The finding, however, should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the study design.

Effects of isometric strength training followed by no exercise and Humulus lupulus L–enriched diet on bone metabolism in old female rats

We investigated in female rats the effects on bone metabolism of a prolonged no-training period, subsequent to an isometric exercise program, performed during young adulthood and those of a long-term consumption of Humulus lupulus L–enriched diet (genistein 1.92 and daidzein 1.24 mg/kg diet) combined or not with isometric training. Forty-eight rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: trained (C-Tr) or nontrained rats (C-NTr) fed with control diet and trained (H-Tr) or nontrained rats (H-NTr) fed with Humulus lupulus L–enriched diet. The diets lasted 100 weeks. Training was followed over a 25-week period. Bone parameters were measured at week 100. Our results showed that no significant difference was observed among the 4 groups in uterine relative weight, calcium (Ca) intake, fecal Ca, urinary Ca excretion, net Ca absorption, plasma Ca, and bone Ca content. Calcium balance was significantly enhanced in H-NTr rats in comparison with C-NTr and C-Tr rats. Isometric strength training led to a significant increase in total bone mineral density (BMD), diaphyseal BMD, and osteocalcin-deoxypyridinoline ratio in C-Tr rats compared with the other groups. The main findings of the present study indicate that in female rats, a 25-week isometric strength training performed during young adulthood followed by a prolonged no-training period increases BMD values and osteocalcin-deoxypyridinoline ratio, whereas long-term consumption of Humulus lupulus L–enriched diet does not improve bone parameters. It suggests that bone gains induced by exercise do not decrease immediately after cessation of training and also confirms the importance of the practice of physical activity during puberty and young adulthood to maximize the achieved peak bone density.

The Influence of Strength on Speed of Movement in Eighth Grade Girls

Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine which exercise program was most effective in producing a static strength gain and to determine the relationship between static strength and speed of movement. Seventy-two eighth grade girls were divided into two experimental groups one using an isometric exercise program, the other using an isotonic program. A control group played lead-up games during the experimental period. Strength and speed of the arm and shoulder girdle were both measured by three tests. Prior to training, correlations indicated a rather high relationship between static strength, and speed of a dominant arm movement. Following training there was little relationship between static strength, and speed of a specific arm movement. The results of the training program indicated an increase in mean performance in all three groups with the isotonic group being superior.

Effects of Isometric Exercises Done with a Belt upon the Physical Fitness Status of Students in Required Physical Education Classes

Abstract Students (N = 104) enrolled in four low fitness, one middle fitness, and one high fitness class in basic physical education classes at the University of Connecticut participated in a 4-week program of isometric exercises done with an adjustable nylon belt which was stabilized against various body segments. Low, middle, and high fitness classes were compared in the amount of improvement made in the 5 items in which significant gains had been made. The MWF classes which did 30 min. of isometric exercises for 12 class meetings were compared to the TTh classes which met for 8 class meetings and which did the same isometric exercise program and in addition did stretching exercises and ran a mile. When all groups were treated together, mean gains of 1.1 in. in the vertical jump, .74 sec. in the agility run, .17 sec. in the 30-yd. dash, 151.9 lb. in the leg lift, and 57.0 lb. in the back lift were made. These were all significant at the 0.005 to the 0.0005 level. Small but significant gains were made in...

Book Reviews

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Two-Man Isometric Exercise Program for the Whole Body. By Robert R. Spackman William C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1964. Paper, illus., 64 pp., $2.25. Beverly A. Kindig, M.A. Beverly A. Kindig, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 46, Issue 6, June 1966, Page 688, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/46.6.688 Published: 01 June 1966

Results of short term isotonic and isometric exercise programs in persons over sixty.

Results of short term isotonic and isometric exercise programs in persons over sixty.