Isolation Of Microplastics Research Articles

Methodology Approach for Microplastics Isolation from Samples Containing Sucrose.

The growing production and use of plastics significantly contribute to microplastics (MPs) contamination in the environment. Humans are exposed to MPs primarily through the gastrointestinal route, as these particles are present in beverages and food, e.g., sugar. Effective isolation and identification of MPs from food is essential for their elimination. This study aimed to evaluate factors influencing the isolation of MPs from sucrose solutions to determine optimal conditions for the process. Polyethylene particles were used to test separation methods involving chemical digestion with acids and filtration through membrane filters made of nylon, mixed cellulose ester, and cellulose acetate with pore sizes of 0.8 and 10 µm. The effects of temperature and acid type and its concentration on plastic particles were examined using scanning electron microscopy and µ-Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that increased temperature reduces solution viscosity and sucrose adherence to MPs' particles, while higher acid concentrations accelerate sucrose hydrolysis. The optimal conditions for MPs' isolation were found to be 5% HCl at 70 °C for 5 min, followed by filtration using an efficient membrane system. These conditions ensure a high recovery and fast filtration without altering MPs' surface properties, providing a reliable basis for further analysis of MPs in food.

Towards a Consensus Method for the Isolation of Microplastics from Freshwater Sediments

Towards a Consensus Method for the Isolation of Microplastics from Freshwater Sediments

Comparison of Methodologies for Microplastic Isolation through Multicriteria Analysis (AHP)

Environmental pollution caused by microplastics has evolved into a global concern; however, limited knowledge exists about microplastics in soils due to the absence of standardized extraction methods. This research aimed to develop an inexpensive, rapid method with user-friendly and environmentally sustainable outcomes for microplastics retrieval. Three salt solutions (Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Sulfate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate) and an oil solution (canola oil) underwent evaluation for microplastics extraction through the flotation process due to the density and oleophilic properties of plastics. Four widely used plastic types, obtained through fragmentation using a grinding mill from clean new plastic containers or membranes, were subjected to analysis. The experimental procedures for microplastics retrieval varied among the evaluated solutions. Through a comprehensive multicriteria analysis, the saturated Sodium Chloride solution emerged as the optimal scenario for microplastics extraction, followed closely by the canola oil scenario. The recovery method utilizing Sodium Chloride demonstrated economic feasibility, safety, and reliability. This study provides valuable insights into an effective and sustainable approach for mitigating microplastic pollution in soil, offering a promising avenue for future environmental conservation efforts.

Quick and efficient microplastic isolation from fatty fish tissues by surfactant-enhanced alkaline digestion

For monitoring microplastic contamination in fish tissues, tissue digestion into filterable components prior to microplastic identification and quantification should be quick and efficient, providing satisfying microplastic recoveries of relevant particle sizes. Filtration with a small pore size, necessary to target small particles, is a challenge. Some proposed protocols take several days. To improve this, a combination of surfactants (Tween®-20 and Triton™ X-100) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and pH neutralization was used. Fish bones were removed in tissue preparation prior to digestion. Recovery down to ca. 60–80 μm worked well for PA-66, PE, PET, PP, PS and PVC. In conclusion, we developed a comparatively swift digestion protocol, enabling filtration of 100 g samples with a pore size of 10 μm, for fish fillets with high (mackerel), intermediate (salmon, plaice) and low (cod) fat contents, fish liver, head kidney and oil samples, within 16–24 h.

Ingestion and polymeric risk assessment of microplastic contamination in commercially important brachyuran crab Portunus sanguinolentus

Microplastic (MP) in seafood is a growing area of food safety. In the present study, MP contamination in the commercially important crab Portunus sanguinolentus was assessed. A total of 300 crab specimens were collected from three principal fishing harbors of Gujarat. The collected specimens were analyzed for MPs isolation using a previously published protocol. The specimens were dissected, and organs such as the gut and gills were placed separately in the beaker. The organic tissues were digested using 10% KOH. After the digestion, flotation and filtration processes were carried out for the extraction of MPs. The physical (shape, size, and color) and chemical characterization of MPs were performed. The average abundance of MP was recorded as 0.67 ± 0.62 MPs/g. The pollution indices revealed very high contamination and fell under class IV (Jakhau) and V risk categories (Okha and Veraval). Microfibers were found dominantly. Blue and black-colored MPs with 1–2 mm sizes were recorded dominantly. Polyethylene, polyethylene tetraphene, polyurethane, polystyrene, and polypropylene were identified as polymer compositions of MPs. Concludingly, the present study gives an insight into the MP in an important crab species P. sanguinolentus, which can be useful to design further investigations on the toxicity of MPs in seafood.

Isolating micro/nanoplastics from organic-rich wastewater: Co/PMS outweighs Fenton system

Rapid isolation of microplastics is the prerequisite for correct and in-depth understanding of their environmental impacts and human health threats. And Fenton’s reagent (Fe/H2O2 system, FHS) has been proven to be a viable way to isolate microplastics from wastewater, but it is limited because of harsh reaction conditions, long reaction time and low efficiency. Herein, it's proven that the Fenton-like system, which is using Cobalt (II) salts to decompose potassium peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS system, CPS) with generation of 1O2, can offer shorter time (within 30 min) in complex sample isolation. The experimental results showed that the isolation time of micro/nanoplastics from pollutants with CPS in only 30 min, while it was at least more than 5 h with FHS. Via a serious of experiments of comparison and characterization between FHS and CPS, whether from the point of view of reaction time or isolation effect, CPS is superior to FHS. On this basis, we validate the applicability of this system (CPS) in different reaction conditions (concentration, pH), different sizes (from microns to nanometers) and types of plastic (PS, PA, PE, PP, PVC). In addition, the CPS can also preserve the integrity of the plastic itself and reduce the impact on the quality of samples evidenced by a variety of characterization of physicochemical structure like UV–vis, TEM, AFM, FTIR and XPS. CPS is proved to be faster, higher, stronger for enhancing the isolation of micro/nanoplastics from complex matrix. In a word, this study provides a promising solution for the efficient isolation of microplastics from wastewater without causing additional harm to the plastics.

An Assessment of Microplastic Contamination in a Commercially Important Marine Fish, Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a prevalent and global threat to fish. MP contamination was investigated in Harpadon nehereus collected from the principal fishing harbors of India’s northwest coast. A total of 213 specimens were collected from the major fishing harbors of Gujarat state (Jakhau, Okha, and Jaffrabad) and Maharashtra state (Mumbai). In the laboratory, the morphometric parameters of the specimens, such as total length and body weight, were measured. The collected specimens were analyzed for MP isolation using the previously documented protocol. MPs were quantified under a stereomicroscope, and physical parameters were recorded. All the examined specimens were found to be contaminated with MPs, with an abundance of 6.98 ± 6.73 MPs/g. The maximum contamination of MPs was recorded at the study site in Jaffrabad, followed by Jakhau, Mumbai, and Okha. Morphometric analysis of MPs revealed threads to be the most dominant shape. Black and blue MPs with a 1–2 mm size were the predominant recorded types. The chemical composition of extracted MPs revealed polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane (PU) as polymer compositions. Conclusively, the findings highlighted a greater menace to seafood safety due to trophic transfer, which causes a hazardous effect on human health.

Does microplastic analysis method affect our understanding of microplastics in the environment?

Two analytical methods – both in active use at different laboratories – were tested and compared against each other to investigate how the procedure influences microplastic (MP) detection with micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μFTIR) imaging. A representative composite water sample collected from the Danube River was divided into 12 subsamples, and processed following two different methods, which differed in MP isolation procedures, the optical substrate utilized for the chemical imaging, and the detection limit of the spectroscopic instruments. The first instrument had a nominal pixel resolution of 5.5 μm, while the second had a nominal resolution of 25 μm. These two methods led to different MP abundance, MP mass estimates, but not MP characteristics. Only looking at MPs > 50 μm, the first method showed a higher MP abundance, namely 418–2571 MP m−3 with MP mass estimates of 703–1900 μg m−3, while the second method yielded 16.7–72.1 MP m−3 with mass estimates of 222–439 μg m−3. Looking deeper into the steps of the methods showed that the MP isolation procedure contributed slightly to the difference in the result. However, the variability between individual samples was larger than the difference caused by the methods. Somewhat sample-dependent, the use of two different substrates (zinc selenide windows versus Anodisc filters) caused a substantial difference between results. This was due to a higher tendency for particles to agglomerate on the Anodisc filters, and an ‘IR-halo’ around particles on ZnSe windows when scanning with μFTIR. Finally, the μFTIR settings and nominal resolution caused significant differences in identifying MP size and mass estimate, which showed that the smaller the pixel size, the more accurately the particle boundary can be defined. These findings contributed to explaining disagreements between studies and addressed the importance of harmonization of methods.

Seasonal influence on microplastics in the sediments of a non-perennial river - Noyyal, Tamil Nadu, India.

Microplastic (MP) is a contaminant presently causing a significant environmental risk. The present study aims to extract, measure, and classify MP in sediment samples from two seasons (monsoon and summer) in Noyyal River, South India. Microplastic was separated from sediments using the Sediment Microplastic Isolation technique. Microplastics were detected in four forms: foams, films, fragments, and fibres. Dominant polymer types during monsoon are Polystyrene (29%), Polycarbonate (13%), Nylon (13%), and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (13%). Throughout summer, Polystyrene (17%) was the prevalent polymer type, followed by Nylon (14%), Polycarbonate (11%), and Polyvinyl Chloride (9%). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) demonstrated that MPs exhibit diverse surface morphologies, including foamy, fibrous, and granular nature. It also shows tearing and fracturing of MPs and aging, indicating substantial summer degradation. Using Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) and Pollution Load Index (PLI), MP vulnerability in sediments indicates that despite lesser PLI, the MPs pose an extreme danger threat to the environment during the summer season compared to the monsoon. The study thus provides insight into the seasonal variation of MPs and their threat in Noyyal River sediments, which will aid in formulating guidelines for the minimization of MPs in river systems.

Microplastic occurrence in rural and urban surface waters: the cases of Lake Sampaloc and Lake Yambo in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines

The widespread microplastic occurrence has invaded both marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, most studies are focused on marine microplastics and there is still insufficient knowledge and understanding of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems like small lakes. Known as one of the largest contributors of plastics to the aquatic environment, the Philippines has begun ventures on studying microplastic pollution, although, still, there are no accurate figures on the extent of the microplastic problem in the country, especially in its freshwater environment. In this study, a comparative assessment of microplastic concentration and characterization between Lake Yambo, an ecotourism and rural lake, and Lake Sampaloc, an aquaculture and urbanized lake, in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines was conducted through microplastic isolation and optical examination. Results revealed that the average microplastic concentration in Lake Sampaloc and Lake Yambo ranges from 483 to 989 n/m3 and 344 to 789 n/m3, respectively. Generally, the sampling sites in Lake Sampaloc had a higher mean concentration of microplastics than those in Lake Yambo. The key features of the microplastics detected in the surface waters of the studied lakes are fibrous, colored, and small-sized (<2 mm). In addition to proving the assumption that there are more microplastics observed in a highly-populated or urbanized freshwater ecosystem like Lake Sampaloc, this study also contributed to the meager evidence that microplastics are present even around scarcely-populated lakes like Lake Yambo. The outcome of this study is relevant for the local government unit (LGU) of San Pablo to make sustainable environmental policies regarding plastic waste management and disposal.

Microplastic isolation method for wastewater and sludge samples by removal of excess organic and inorganic interferences

The isolation of microplastics from other organic and inorganic contents is a major hurdle to the effective quantification and characterization of microplastics in wastewater and biosolids samples. As a result, a well-established and standardized isolation method is vital for the analysis of microplastics. In this study, we evaluated biological hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, wet peroxidation and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment for microplastics isolation and demonstrated that the integration of these processes can effectively remove organic and inorganic contents to provide a clear microscope view for microplastics identification from wastewater and sludge samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to introduce biological hydrolysis and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment for the isolation of microplastics from environmental samples. The results reported could facilitate the establishment of a standardized procedure for microplastic isolation from wastewater and biosolid samples.

An optimized acidic digestion for the isolation of microplastics from biota-rich samples and cellulose acetate matrices

Plastic pollution is a growing concern. To analyze plastics in environmental samples, plastics need to be isolated. We present an acidic/oxidative method optimized to preserve plastics while digesting synthetic cellulose acetate and a range of organics encountered in environmental samples. Cellulose acetate was chosen for optimization as it can be purchased as a reference material, can co-occur with plastics in environmental samples and, if it can be completely digested, is a potential filter material for the collection of nano- and micro-plastics from natural waters. Other forms of particulate organic matter (POM) were chosen to provide a range of chemistries that might alter digestion efficiency and due to the interest in the community of isolating plastics from samples where these organics occur. For instance, microalgal POM occurs in lake and ocean waters, riverine POM in rivers, and inclusion of tuna provides a test for the suitability of the method for isolating plastics from animal tissues. The method is a one-pot overnight (16–18 h) digestion in 5 M nitric acid with 0.3 M sodium persulfate heated to 80 °C. The method provides quantitative removal of cellulose acetate (exceeding detection limits), near quantitative removal of microalgal POM and Albacore tuna tissue (>99%), but only 86% of urban river POM, all while retaining >99% by mass of C–C bonded polymers polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene and >96% by mass of polyethylene terephthalate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and %-C content analysis confirmed plastic polymer stability during digestion. However, some additives in appear susceptible to digestion with FT-IR results indicating the loss of N,N′-ethylenebis(stearamide) from polyethylene. This method provides a simpler and more effective method than many in the literature. We present recommendations for the application of this method, as well as limitations and areas for future improvement.

A review of methods for the isolation of microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment plants are considered to be one of the largest sources of microplastics in the natural environment. The problem of microplastics has been widely studied in many environments. It remains a subject of the growing interest for researchers. By definition, microplastic is plastic that does not exceed 5 mm in size. There are three stages in the study of microplastics in wastewater: sampling, treatment, and the identification of microplastics. This paper aims to review the strategies for sampling microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their laboratory treatment to isolate microplastics. The collection of samples from the wastewater treatment plant is based on two mechanisms, namely a continuous filtering and pumping system and instantaneous sampling (steel bucket, glass jar, telescopic sampling). The removal of organic and inorganic matter is carried out with the use of physical and chemical analyses. The subject of this article is the compilation of the generally available research methods on microplastics. Based on the literature analysis, conclusions were drawn regarding the recommended methods of microplastic detection.

Pressure sensitive adhesives for quantifying microplastic isolation

Microplastics are a growing environmental concern, with a large body of evidence documenting distribution of plastic material in virtually all environmental compartments. Countermeasures that help to bind, aggregate, or coalesce these collections might result in lower human and animal exposures. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have been identified as a viable microplastic (MP) capture mechanism with a range of potential use conditions. As with any countermeasure, there is a need to evaluate potential solutions in terms of collection efficiency, cost, ease of installation, robustness etc. Expanding on our previous work, spray-coated PSAs were investigated as submerged surfaces for use in a quick and low-cost quantitative method to assess MP binding in aqueous mediums. Resins containing two differing molecular weights of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) PSA (92 k and 950 k), and a 50:50 by weight mixture of the two resins were applied as spray-coated substrates to compare the effect of resin composition on MP-adhesive binding. Thin films of PSA (92 k 6 ± 1 μm, 950 k 4 ± 2 μm, 50:50 BD 6.5 ± 1 μm) were sprayed on borosilicate glass slides using a commercial air brush. Polydisperse nylon-12 particles varying in size from 15 to 30 µm in diameter were dispersed in water at concentrations between 0.01 and 5 mg mL−1 and agitated under ambient conditions to assess adhesive binding as quantitative comparisons of microparticle capture. Mixed assays were also performed comparing binding of common MP species including polyethylene (50, 200 µm), polystyrene (10 µm), and polyester fibers (1000 µm) to understand how varying composition, size, and form factor affect adsorption. The glass slide method showed increasing linear trends of particle binding with increased adhesive exposure time and MP concentration. The adhesive wettability to particles demonstrates bounding parameters under which softer adhesives excel at MP capture but may compromise adhesive film integrity. Low cost, ease of sample preparation, and small footprint of the adhesive testing method suggest promise for research use in under-resourced regions and field work.

Textile microfibers in wild Antarctic whelk Neobuccinum eatoni (Smith, 1875) from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica)

Antarctica has been affected directly and indirectly by human pressure for more than two centuries and recently plastic pollution has been recognized as a further potential threat for its unique biodiversity. Global long-range transport as well as local input from anthropogenic activities are potential sources of plastic pollution in both terrestrial and marine Antarctic territories. The present study evaluated the presence of microplastics in specimens of the Antarctic whelk Neobuccinum eatoni, a key species in benthic communities of the Ross Sea, one of the largest marine protected areas worldwide. To this aim, a thermo-oxidative extraction method was applied for microplastic isolation and quantification, and polymer identification was performed by manual μ-FTIR spectroscopy. Textile (semi-)synthetic or composite microfibers (length range: 0.8–5.7 mm) were found in 27.3% of whelk specimens, suggesting a low risk of bioaccumulation along Antarctic benthic food webs in the Ross Sea. Their polymer composition (of polyethylene terephthalate and cellulose-polyamide composites) matched those of outdoor technical clothing in use by the personnel of the Italian “Mario Zucchelli” station near Terra Nova Bay in the Ross Sea. Such findings indicate that sewage from base stations may act as potential local sources of textile microplastic fibers in this remote environment. More in-depth monitoring studies aiming at defining the extent of microplastic contamination related to such sources in Antarctica are encouraged.

A long-term field experiment confirms the necessity of improving biowaste sorting to decrease coarse microplastic inputs in compost amended soils

Microplastic (MP) input into agroecosystems is of particular concern as their sources are diverse (mulching films, biosolid application, wastewater irrigation, flooding, atmospheric input, road runoff). Compost application, which is needed to sustain soil ecosystem services in the context of a circular economy, may be a source of microplastics. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different composts derived from urban wastes impact the nature and quantity of coarse (2–5 mm) microplastics (CMP) in soils, using a long-term field experiment in France. Composts resulting from different levels of urban waste sorting were investigated. Our approach included the isolation of microplastics from composts and amended soils followed by their characterization using pyrolysis GC/MS spectrometry. We found that coarse microplastic concentrations varied from 26.9 to 417 kg per hectare depending on the compost type, after 22 years of bi-annual application. These values may be higher than for conventional agricultural practices, as application rate was twice as high as for normal practices. Composts made from municipal solid waste were by far the organic amendments leading to the highest quantity of plastic particles in soils, emphasizing the urgent need for limiting plastic use in packaging and for improving household biowaste sorting. Our results strongly suggest that standards regulating organic matter amendment application should take microplastics into account in order to prevent contamination of (agricultural) soils. Moreover, although no impacts on the soil bio-physico-chemical parameters has been noted so far. However, given the huge microplastic inputs, there is an urgent need to better evaluate their effect on soil functioning.

Comparison of different salt solutions for density separation of conventional and biodegradable microplastic from solid sample matrices

Microplastics are the new emerging pollutants ubiquitously detectable in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fate and behavior, as well as ecotoxicity, are of increasing environmental concern, particularly in sediments and soils as natural sinks. For a global environmental risk assessment, reliable and easy to apply analytical methods are mandatory to obtain comparable data. This is based on the isolation of microplastics out of the solid sample matrices prior to instrumental detection. Thus, this study provides an easy to apply approach for density separation. The technique emerged from a comparative study using different salt solutions to isolate conventional, and for the first time biodegradable, microplastics from different solid sample matrices, i.e., sand, artificial soil, and compost. Four solutions (water, sodium chloride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium bromide) of different densities were applied followed by oxidizing digestion. Finally, the impact of the procedures on size and surface properties of microplastics was tested. Dependent on the sample matrix, the highest recovery rates of 87.3–100.3% for conventional polymers, and 38.2–78.2% for biodegradable polymers, were determined with sodium bromide. It could be shown that the type of solid sample matrix influences the recovery rates and has to be considered when choosing a sample preparation technique.Graphical abstract

Quantification of Microplastics by Pyrolysis Coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Sediments: Challenges and Implications

Pyrolysis-GC/MS is increasingly used to quantify microplastics (MP) in environmental samples. In general, prior to analysis, purification steps are carried out to reduce the environmental matrix in sediment samples. The conventionally used protocol of density separation followed by digestion of organic matter does not allow for complete isolation of MP from the associated organic and mineral matter. Among the pyrolysis products used as indicator compounds for plastic polymers, some may originate from other substances present in the environmental samples. In this paper, the indicator compounds are reviewed for the most common polymers: PE, PP, PS, PET and PVC and selected taking into account potential interactions with substances present in environmental matrices. Even after a purification step, a residual mineral fraction remains in a sediment sample, including matrix effects. This effect may be positive or negative, depending on the investigated polymer and is thus important to consider when using Pyr-GC/MS for the quantification of MP in sediment samples. It also shows that no external calibration can be used to reliably quantify MP in such samples and that the use of internal standards is compulsory.

Novel methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics in biological samples

Currently, the evidence of the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by organisms or the accumulation in different environmental compartments has been achieved using several methodological procedures. However, its uses have not been standardized across studies. In this study, we aim to assess and validate a protocol that can be useful for optimizing the identification and quantification procedures of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) in biological samples. Initially, considering that numerous studies filter samples previously digested in cellulosic membranes for isolation and analysis of MPs, we evaluated whether washing these membranes with different reagents could contribute to the complete detachment of particles, as well as to their dispersion in the obtained solutions. However, none of the tested reagents (dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, ethyl alcohol and chloroform), including purified water, was able to completely remove the MPs adhered to the membranes or facilitate their dispersion in the solutions. On the other hand, we observed that the digestion of the membranes by acetonitrile constituted a procedure that prevents the loss of particles due to adherence, in addition to promoting good dispersion of MPs. Subsequently, we evaluated the use of Neubauer chambers for the quantification of MPs, having observed a good recovery rate (>92%) and results with insignificant variation, in PE MPs solutions with different concentrations (0.15; 0.075 and 0.0375 mg/mL). Ultimately, the validation of the proposed procedures took place from the evaluation of the accumulation of PE MPs in Astyanax spp. juveniles, having demonstrated the efficiency and sensitivity of the method proposed for this purpose. Subsequently, our study provides a methodological alternative that can optimize MPs quantifications in biological samples and reduce the generation of biased or unreliable results.

Microplastics evaluation in edible tissues of flying fish (Parexocoetus mento) from the Bintaro fish market, Lombok, Indonesia

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic fragments that are degraded into small particles with a diameter of <5 mm. Pollution in the ocean by MPs has become a global threat which damages aquatic and marine ecosystems. There are several types of MPs detected in the digestive tract and in edible fish tissue. However, such report remains limited in Indonesia. Despite the high rate of plastic pollution in Indonesian coastal areas. This study aims to determine the presence, abundance and characteristics of MPs including type, shape, and color in the edible tissue of commercially important pelagic fish species from the Bintaro fish market, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Flying Fish (Parexocoetus mento) was evaluated for MPs content in their edible tissue. Isolation of MPs in fish meat was conducted by firstly adding 10% KOH solution followed by incubation for 24 h. Furthermore, the solution was incubated in the oven for 48 h at a temperature of 90oC. The WPO (Wet Peroxide Oxidation) reaction was carried out by adding 30 mL of 0.05 M Fe(II) oxide and 30 mL of 20% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) continued by heating on a hotplate at 75oC at 350 rpm for 45 minutes to remove organic matter from fish. The remaining filtrateswere treated by further heating, followed by filtration with stainless steel sieves (45//m). Current results show five types of MPs detected in fish sample were Fragment, Filament/fiber, Film, Foam and Pellet. The most abundant type of MPs was fragment type (368.67 particle/fish). Current results show a significant amount of MPs were found in edible tissue of flying fish in Bintaro market. However further characterization of MPs would be needed to confirm the MPs types. Nevertheless, current study show the potential contamination of MPs in P. mento fish commercially sold in fish market at Lombok, Indonesia. Hence, awareness should be raised in local communities to reduce plastic pollution in marine and coastal areas.