Isolation Of Cellulose Nanocrystals Research Articles

Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Bean Seed Hulls: Acetylation and Characterization

Bean seed hulls is an agro-waste with abundant content of lignocellulosic materials but are being wasted due to its underutilization. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully extracted from bean seed hulls using alkali treatment, bleaching and sulphuric acid hydrolysis. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was obtained from CNCs by acetylation using acetic anhydride with sulphuric acid as catalyst. CNCs is neutral pH whereas CTA is slightly acidic. CNCs was sparingly soluble in ethanol but CTA was completely soluble in ethanol. CTA has a higher melting point than CNCs. The density of both CNCs and CTA is approximately equal to the density of water. SEM analysis revealed that CNCs is irregular and fragmented in nature and has both more large surface area and porosity than CTA. FTIR analysis showed the presence of the dominant functional groups such as O-H stretch, N-H stretch, C-H stretch, C-O stretch and C-N stretch in both CNCs and CTA. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of the prevalent organic compounds such as alkanes, alcohols, phenols, alkanones, phthalates, carboxylic acids, esters and triterpene in both CNCs and CTA. Therefore, the isolation of CNCs from bean seed hulls suggests great efficacy to recover the under-utilized agro-wastes thereby preventing air pollution.

A simple method for extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from green Luffa cylindrica biomaterial and their characteristics

AbstractThe utilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from natural fibers is one way to make the most use of renewable resources. Isolation of CNCs normally requires a multi‐step process that includes an alkali treatment, bleaching (using sodium chlorite) and acid hydrolysis (sulfuric or hydrochloric acid). Here, a new approach for extracting CNCs from green Luffa cylindrica biomaterial, one type of natural fiber found in tropical countries, was developed via an alkali treatment and oxidative degradation using sodium hypochlorite, without an acid hydrolysis step. The diameter and length of the obtained CNCs were about 7.5 ± 2.2 nm and 266.9 ± 25.2 nm, respectively, with a considerably higher percentage yield (40%) compared to the traditional hydrolyzed‐cellulose nanocrystals (H‐CNCs) (28%). The zeta potential of CNCs and H‐CNCs in neutral water was −29.2 ± 0.5 mV and −13.1 ± 0.5 mV, respectively. Negative charges on CNC surfaces play an important role in the reduced aggregation of CNC suspensions. The degrees of crystallinity of CNCs (78.5%) and H‐CNCs (79.2%) are comparable. Moreover, the degrees of polymerization of CNCs and H‐CNCs were 297.21 and 226.64, respectively. The method developed is considered an easy operation with low pollution, low‐cost chemicals and a time‐ and energy‐saving process. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Banana Peel Using One-Pot Microwave and Mild Oxidative Hydrolysis System.

The current investigation deals with the application of a one-pot system to facilitate the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from banana peel by a combination of microwave pre-treatment and mild oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 0–30 wt%) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 0–10%). H2O2 causes decolorization of the banana peel suspension from dark brown to light yellow, while further treatment with H2SO4 produces a white suspension, indicating successful removal of the non-cellulosic components from the banana peel. This finding was further supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, which showed the gradual disappearance of lignin and hemicellulose peaks with increasing H2O2 and H2SO4 concentrations. The CNCs has considerably high crystallinity, with the highest crystallinity (~85%) being obtained at 6% H2SO4. Therefore, CNCs obtained at 6% H2SO4 were selected for further characterization. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the disintegration of the cellulose fibres into small fragments after hydrolysis. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analyses revealed the spherical shape of the CNCs with an average size of approximately 20 nm. The CNCs have good stability with zeta potential of −42.9 mV. Findings from this study suggest that the combination of microwave pre-treatment and oxidative hydrolysis with 30 wt% H2O2 and 6% H2SO4, which is about 11 times lower than the commonly used H2SO4 concentration, is proven effective for the isolation of CNCs from banana peel. These observations are expected to provide insight into a facile and environmentally benign alternative to the conventional CNCs isolation method, using abundant and underutilized agricultural waste as feedstock.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Date Palm Waste.

This study presents the isolation, characterization, and kinetic analyses of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from date palm waste in the United Arab Emirates. After bleaching date palm stem waste with acidified NaClO2 and delignification via NaOH treatments, cellulose was extracted. Mineral acid hydrolysis (62 wt % H2SO4) was performed at 45 °C for 45 min to produce crystalline nanocellulose. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis confirmed the removal of noncellulosic constituents. The crystallinity index increased gradually with chemical treatments, according to the obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the CNC has high thermal stability. The Coats–Redfern method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. The kinetic analysis confirmed that CNC has more activation energy than cellulose and thus confirms its compact and resistive crystalline structure. This has been attributable to the stronger hydrogen bonding in CNC crystalline domains than that in cellulose crystalline domains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lignin and hemicellulose were eliminated after chemical pretreatments, and CNC with a rodlike shape was obtained after hydrolysis. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the nanoscale of crystalline cellulose. ζ potential analysis indicated that the CNC afforded a stable suspension (−29.27 mV), which is less prone to flocculation. Kinetic analyses of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals isolated from date palm waste are useful for making composites and designing selective pyrolysis reactors.

Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Nanocellulose Crystals as Fillers in Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Review.

The improvement of membrane applications for wastewater treatment has been a focal point of research in recent times, with a wide variety of efforts being made to enhance the performance, integrity and environmental friendliness of the existing membrane materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable nanomaterials derived from microorganisms and plants with promising potential in wastewater treatment. Cellulose nanomaterials offer a satisfactory alternative to other environmentally harmful nanomaterials. However, only a few review articles on this important field are available in the open literature, especially in membrane applications for wastewater treatment. This review briefly highlights the circular economy of waste lignocellulosic biomass and the isolation of CNCs from waste lignocellulosic biomass for membrane applications. The surface chemical functionalization technique for the preparation of CNC-based materials with the desired functional groups and properties is outlined. Recent uses of CNC-based materials in membrane applications for wastewater treatment are presented. In addition, the assessment of the environmental impacts of CNCs, cellulose extraction, the production techniques of cellulose products, cellulose product utilization, and their end-of-life disposal are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the development of CNC from waste biomass for application in wastewater treatment are discussed extensively. Finally, this review unraveled some important perceptions on the prospects of CNC-based materials, especially in membrane applications for the treatment of wastewater.

Biosorption of Cr(VI) Using Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from the Waterless Pulping of Waste Cotton Cloths with Supercritical CO2: Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies.

In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was utilized as a waterless pulping for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from waste cotton cloths (WCCs). The isolation of CNCs from the scCO2-treated WCCs’ fiber was carried out using sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The morphological and physicochemical properties analyses showed that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs had a rod-like structure, porous surface, were crystalline, and had a length of 100.03 ± 1.15 nm and a width of 7.92 ± 0.53 nm. Moreover, CNCs isolated from WCCs had a large specific surface area and a negative surface area with uniform nano-size particles. The CNCs isolated from WCCs were utilized as an adsorbent for the hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal from aqueous solution with varying parameters, such as treatment time, adsorbent doses, pH, and temperature. It was found that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs were a bio-sorbent for the Cr(VI) removal. The maximum Cr(VI) removal was determined to be 96.97% at pH 2, 1.5 g/L of adsorbent doses, the temperature of 60 °C, and the treatment time of 30 min. The adsorption behavior of CNCs for Cr(VI) removal was determined using isothermal, kinetics, and thermodynamics properties analyses. The findings of the present study revealed that CNCs isolated from the WCCs could be utilized as a bio-sorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

Rheological properties of cellulose nanocrystals isolated via mechanical methods in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) are known for their versatility because they have both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties. Improvement of TPU properties can be accomplished by reinforcement with nanoscale fillers. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are the most attractive nano-filler for reinforcement purposes in polymer matrices because of their high crystallinity and biodegradable materials. Mechanical methods to isolate CNC has sparked interest among researchers due to environmental demands (less solvent consumption). Lately, several researchers also have revealed some remarkable improvement of TPU through the addition of CNC. Thus, this study was aimed to produce CNC via mechanical methods for and to study the rheological properties of CNCs in the TPU matrix to gain insight interactions between CNCs and TPU. Isolation of CNCs via two methods: ultra-sonication (CNC-U) and nano-grinding (CNC-N) methods have been carried out. Then, the CNCs (0.5–2 wt%) were added into the TPU network employing the solution mixing method. The CNC was characterized via FESEM and the rheological behaviour was investigated on TPU/CNC solution. The main outcomes are that CNC-N has shown a higher aspect ratio (10–15), higher yield (>40%), and lower time and energy consumption than CNC-U. Rheological properties of TPU/CNC solution offer its structure-properties relationship via the increase in the concentration of CNCs. At 2 wt% concentration, TPU/CNC-N shows higher viscosity (19.5 Pa.s) than TPU/CNC-U (15.9 Pa.s). Thus, it was proven that the nanocomposite tends to act as a solid than liquid due to higher elastic behaviour. Furthermore, we can suggest the utilization of mechanical methods to produce a high yield of CNCs in notify the environmental issues.

Bio-nanocomposites based on compatibilized poly(lactic acid) blend-reinforced agave cellulose nanocrystals

Enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blend without deteriorating its other useful features was the goal of this work. The isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Agave angustifolia fibers was carried out, and the properties of the bio-nanocomposites comprising these CNCs were evaluated, which included PLA, natural rubber (NR), and liquid NR (LNR). Transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful isolation of CNCs from agave fibers after several chemical treatment steps. The effects of different CNC loadings on the properties of the bio-nanocomposites were investigated using tensile tests, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, and water absorption tests. Bio-nanocomposites containing 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% CNC had the optimal tensile modulus and strength, respectively. Different levels of CNC did not noticeably affect the thermal stability of the bio-nanocomposites, although the thermogram curves increased slightly as CNC content increased. The addition of CNC at different loadings affects the crystallization rate of PLA blend. The water absorption capacity increased as CNC level increased, and 5 wt% CNC gave rise to the highest water absorption. The four-component bio-nanocomposites created in this study provided an alternative for producing new green materials with tunable physical, mechanical, and thermal properties.

Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from different waste bio-mass collating their liquid crystal ordering with morphological exploration

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been recognized as one of the most promising nanofillers in modern science and technology owing to their outstanding characteristics of renewability, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, and liquid crystalline behavior. Interestingly, these properties are dependent on their genetic and also on the isolation process. Therefore, this research aimed to unveil how the biological variations of cellulose can influence on the physical properties of the extracted CNCs. A standard optimized extraction process was adopted to isolate the CNCs from different sources. Extracted CNCs were compared through characterization tools, including Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). Different self-assembly patterns were observed for different CNCs, owing to their biological variations. The resultant nanocrystals displayed variable morphologies such as spherical, rod, and needle shape. The hydrodynamic diameter, crystallinity index, decomposition temperature, liquid crystallinity, and storage modulus were varied. Nanocrystals isolated from non-wood feedstock have shown a higher degree of polymerization of 108.2 and a high Crystllinity Index (C·I.) of 55.1%. The rod-like morphology with the liquid crystalline pattern was obtained at 3 wt% concentration for SCNC.

Preparation of palm (Elaeis oleifera) pressed fibre cellulose nanocrystals via cation exchange resin: characterisation and evaluation as Pickering emulsifier.

Palm pressed fibre (PPF) is a cellulose-rich biomass residue produced during palm oil extraction. Its high cellulose content allows the isolation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). CNC has attracted scientific interest due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and low cost. The present study isolated CNC from PPF using a cation exchange resin, which is an environmentally friendly and less harsh hydrolysis method than conventional mineral acid hydrolysis. Isolated CNC was used to stabilise an oil-in-water emulsion and the emulsion stability was evaluated in terms of droplet size, morphology and physical stability. PPF was subjected to alkali and bleach treatment prior to hydrolysis, which successfully removed 54% and 75% of non-cellulosic components (hemicellulose and lignin, respectively). Hydrolysis conditions of 5h, 15:1 (w/w) resin-to-pulp ratio and 50°C produced CNC particles of 50-100 nm in length. CNC had a crystallinity index of 42% and appeared rod-like morphologically. CNC-stabilised emulsion had better stability when used in combination with soy lecithin (SL), a well-established, commonly used food stabiliser. Emulsion stabilised by the binary mixture of CNC and SL had droplet size, morphology and physical stability comparable to those of emulsion stabilised using SL. CNC was successfully isolated from PPF through a cation exchange resin. This offers an alternative usage for the underutilised PPF to be converted into value-added products. Isolated CNC was also found to have promising potential in the stabilisation of Pickering emulsions. These results provide useful information indicating CNC as a natural and sustainable stabiliser for food, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Unbleached cellulose from waste corncob for isolation of cellulose nanocrystals

Unbleached cellulose obtained from corncobs was used to synthesize cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Corncobs are an agro-industrial residue that has a high cellulose content and can be used as a raw material to obtain CNCs. The cellulose was extracted from the corncobs by means of delignification in two stages. The first stage consisted of a pulping process with ethanol and acetic acid (organosolv method), and in the second stage, the corncob was treated with an organosolv method and potassium hydroxide, followed by sodium hydroxide and boric acid (extraction and purification) to eliminate hemicellulose. The obtained cellulose was not bleached, in order to maintain the groups corresponding to lignin and hemicellulose on their surface. Afterward, the obtained cellulose underwent acid hydrolysis to obtain CNCs, using sulfuric acid at 64%. These nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and zeta potential. The CNCs obtained from the two types of unbleached cellulose showed lengths from 125.18 to 225.86 nm and diameters from 11.61 to 35.92 nm. The results indicate not only that CNCs can be obtained from unbleached cellulose corncobs but also that their characteristics are similar to those of CNCs obtained by means of bleached cellulose.

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose-based composite films reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals derived from pea hull waste for food packaging applications

Pea hull is a renewable, readily available and abundant agricultural waste whose high-value utilization deserves more attentions. This work aimed at the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from pea hull and evaluation its reinforcement capability for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film. The obtained CNC displayed needle-like shapes with length of 81–286 nm, diameter of 8–21 nm, aspect ratio of 16 and crystallinity index of 0.77. The effects of CNC content on the morphologies, optical, mechanical, water vapor barrier and thermal properties of CMC/CNC films were investigated. SEM images showed that the CNC was evenly distributed in the CMC matrix to form homogenous films when the content of CNC was ≤5 wt%. The CMC/CNC composite films showed improved UV barrier, mechanical strength, water vapor barrier and thermal stability. Compared with pure CMC film, an increase of 50.8% in tensile strength and a decrease of 53.4% in water vapor permeability were observed for 5 wt% CNC-reinforced composite film. Furthermore, 5 wt% CNC-reinforced composite film was used for red chilies packaging, which is very effective at reducing weight loss and maintaining vitamin C compared with uncoated red chilies. These results indicated that the CMC/CNC composite film may have promising application potential as edible food packaging material.

Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from brown seaweed, Sargassum fluitans , for development of alginate nanocomposite film

Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from brown seaweed, <scp> <i>Sargassum fluitans</i> </scp> , for development of alginate nanocomposite film

Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from rice husk using the formic/ peroxyformic acid process

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is one of the interesting materials attracting many researchers from the decades, especially when they are extracted from natural biomass resources. The aim of this study was to explore the utilization of rice husk residues as source for the production of CNCs. Cellulose was extracted from rice husk based on chemical method, using the formic/ peroxyformic acid process in order to effectively remove lignin and hemicelluloses from raw material. The cellulose was then treated by acid hydrolysis process performing at 45oC for 30 min, using 15 mL of H2SO4 (64% wt) for each gram of cellulose. The material obtained after each stage of the treatments was carefully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphological characterization from TEM revealed the appearance of needle-like shaped CNCs, average diameter and length of 15 nm and 480 nm, respectively. FT-IR results indicated that lignin was completely removed from the samples during chemical treatment. The thermal stability of the materials in successive treatments was also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These promising results proved revalue of this by-product for the production of CNCs and its potential use as reinforcement in the preparation of nanocomposites.

Extraction of High Crystalline Nanocellulose from Biorenewable Sources of Vietnamese Agricultural Wastes

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is one of the interesting materials attracting many researchers from the decades, especially when they are extracted from natural biomass resources. This study focuses on the isolation of CNCs with high crystallinity from Vietnamese agricultural wastes (Nypa Fruticans trunk, coconut husk fiber, and rice husk). CNCs were extracted from the above natural sources by a three-step process including formic/peroxyformic acid pre-treatment, hydrogen peroxide/sodium hydroxide treatment, and a hydrolysis disintegration process. The structure and thermal property of obtained materials after each stage of treatments were characterized by XRD, TGA, TEM, and FT-IR analysis. TEM observation has showed the CNCs with high aspect ratio in shape of 200–500 nm in length and 10–15 nm in width. FT-IR results indicated that lignin was completely removed from the samples during chemical treatment. The high crystalline index (nearly 80%) and improved thermal stability of the CNCs nanofibers indicate its various potential applications.

Effect of sulfuric acid reaction time on the properties and behavior of cellulose nanocrystals from Cocos nucifera var-Aurantiaca peduncle’s cellulose microfibers

Cocos nucifera var-Aurantiaca peduncles are agricultural waste material discarded by harvesters after taking the fruit. The isolation of Cellulose NanoCrystals (CNCs) from peduncle derived Cellulose MicroFibers (CMFs) is an effective alternative approach to recover the waste. In the present work, CNCs were isolated by using sulfuric acid hydrolysis (64 wt%) with different hydrolysis time at constant temperature of 45 °C. The effect of hydrolysis time (30, 45, 60 min) on the crystalline index, colloidal stability of suspension, yield, thermal stability, morphology, chemical and elemental composition of CNCs are evaluated. The characterization of isolated CNCs with 60 min (CNCs/60 min) hydrolysis time provides high crystalline index (%), yield (%) with good colloidal stability and appearance in well dispersed uniform rod-like structure with a width of 12 ± 1.2 nm and length of 200 ± 20 nm. The effect of reinforcement of CNCs/60 min in agar matrix whose tensile strength is increased by 37% when 6 wt% of CNCs/60 min was loaded into the matrix.

Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from Calotropis procera biomass

Calotropis procera fiber (CPF) is the fruit fiber of C. procera and belongs to a typical cellulosic fiber. In this study, Calotropis procera fiber (CPF) was first purified in the pretreatment process including delignification and bleaching before the isolation of cellulose nanocrystal. Chemical composition of Calotropis procera fiber was determined according to TAPPI standard method. It was composed of 64.0 wt% cellulose, 19.5 wt% hemicelluloses, and 9.7 wt% of lignin. The morphology of the Calotropis procera fiber and fiber after each pretreatment process was also investigated. Cellulose nanocrystal was extracted by classical sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the pretreated Calotropis procera fiber. TEM and SEM were used to analyze the morphologies of the obtained CNC. The crystallinity, thermal stability and suspension stability of the CNC were also investigated. The interesting results proved that this under-utilized biomass could be exploited as a new source of cellulose raw material for the production of cellulose nanocrystal.

Mechanical properties of bioplastic form cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) mangosteen peel using glycerol as plasticizer

The environmental problem due to plastic waste had become serious because it could not be recycled neither be degraded naturally by microbe in land. Thus, in the present study, a bioplastic was produced based on cassava starch as the matrix and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from Mangosteen peel as reinforcing filler. The CNC was added into the bioplastic with varied concentration at 1 g (BP2), 2.5 g (BP3), 5 g (BP4) and without CNC as BP1. The isolation of CNC followed series of steps (delignification, bleaching, hydrolysis and sonication) before added to the matrix. The effect of CNC addition towards mechanical properties was determined using universal testing machine (UTM) and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that the FTIR analysis confirmed an absorption pattern of cellulose in the starch/CNC bioplastic matrix whereas the effect in tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break were compared to the pure bioplastic without CNC. The highest tensile strength peaked at 1.93 MPa while Young’s modulus at 26.82 GPa was observed for BP1. On the contrary, the addition of CNC fillers to the bioplastics increased the elongation at break and the density while the elongation at break reached the lowest percentage is 13.93% and the lowest density value is 952.5 kg/m3. Based on overall observation, this study proved that the addition of CNC on the other hand the mechanical properties showed the different result.

Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Typha domingensis Named Southern Cattail Using a Batch Reactor

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were obtained from Typha domingensis (an invasive macrophyte) collected from lagoons and wetlands in Altamira, Mexico. Cellulose extraction was carried out by a treatment with aqueous NaOH in a batch reactor followed by NaClO-bleaching and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The fibers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystallinity of the cellulose fibers isolated from Typha domingensis increased from 29 % (not treated fibers) to 73 % and the beginning of thermal degradation increased from 246 °C to 312 °C before and after the bleaching. The CNCs isolated from this plant show average values of 20 nm in diameter and 190 nm in length. Micrographs of the Typha domingensis fibers and the cellulose isolated therefrom as well as bleached cellulose indicate the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes from the fibers, which corroborates the XRD and FTIR results.

Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Various Lignocellulosic Materials: Physico-chemical characterization and Application in Polymer Composites Development

In recent years, much attention has been given to biopolymers with a focus on sustainable development and environmental preservation. Following this tendency, the attempt has been made to replace polymers derived from petroleum with superior biodegradable polymers; nevertheless, some of their physicochemical properties are required to be improved. Therefore, the addition of renewable source-derived fillers into biopolymer matrix allows us the possibility of producing novel nanostructured bio-nanocomposite materials with specific functional and structural properties. The aim of this study is to develop bio-composite films based on biopolymer matrices and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) using the solution casting method.In this work, the CNC were extracted from various lignocellulosic materials (sugarcane bagasse fibers, alfa fibers and red algae waste) via sulfuric acid hydrolysis and then characterized. The as-extracted CNC were used as a nano-reinforcing filler to produce a variety of bio-composite films, using various polymermatrices. Then, the optical transparency, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of all prepared bio-composite films were evaluated and discussed. The high performances of these bio-composite films are expected to have potential in biomaterials or packaging applications.