Isoinertial Exercise Research Articles

Efficiency of a structured squat-based program in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation

BACKGROUND: Squat exercise, in which eccentric and concentric contractions are present simultaneously in different muscle groups, is one of the closed kinetic chain exercises commonly used in knee rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: In the scope of the study, our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a structured squat-based exercise approach in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: In this study, 75 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to three distinct groups: isoinertial exercise, a combination of home exercise and electrotherapy, and exercise solely. The assessment encompassed the application of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Time Up and Go test, evaluation of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and activation levels, along with pain threshold assessment. The treatment program was administered three days a week over a span of eight weeks and was assessed both prior to and following the intervention. RESULTS: Across all groups, considerable enhancements were noted in the majority of parameters. Particularly noteworthy were the substantial improvements observed in the first group, specifically concerning WOMAC total score (p = 0.001), muscle strength, activation levels (p = 0.001), and pain tolerance (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the group in which we applied isoinertial exercise, a positive increase was observed in most of the parameters.We suggest that isoinertial exercise applications, which are generally encountered in sports fields, should be used in different fields in future studies.

The chronic effects of eccentric exercise interventions in different populations: an umbrella review.

The effectiveness of eccentric exercise interventions (EEI) has been extensively explored in different populations. The aim of our umbrella review was to combine all systematic reviews about the chronic efficiency of EEI and to summarize the literature on the chronic effects of different types of eccentric exercise protocols, with or without extra loads and devices (e.g., Flywheel device), compared to other therapeutic interventions, exercise interventions, or no intervention. We screened four major electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PEDro), using one combined string for all included databases (eccentric exercise OR flywheel OR isoinertial exercise OR eccentric training). Included reviews needed to be based on any human population, that executed EEI in comparison with any other type of intervention. The methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2 tool. Considering the inclusion criteria, we included 35 reviews. EEI were found suitable for chronic or long-term pain reduction in patient populations. EEI largely improved muscle performance (muscle strength, and muscle power), muscle architecture (e.g., pennation angle, fascicle length, cross-sectional area, muscle thickness, and muscle mass), decreased risk of injury, incidence, and severity of the injury, and increased range of motion of the joints There is less evidence about the effects of EEI in older adult populations, compared to athletes and younger populations, however, eccentric exercise seems promising for these populations as well.

Acceleration Profiles and the Isoinertial Squatting Exercise: Is There a Direct Effect on Concentric-Eccentric Force, Power, and Neuromuscular Efficiency?

To examine the selective influences of distinct acceleration profiles on the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. Cross-sectional study. Biomechanics laboratory of the university. A total of 38 active adults were divided according to their acceleration profiles: higher (n = 17; >2.5 m/s2) and lower acceleration group (n = 21; <2.5 m/s2). All subjects performed squats until failure attached to an isoinertial conic pulley device monitored by surface electromyography of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. An incremental optical encoder was used to assess maximal and mean power and force during concentric and eccentric phases. The neuromuscular efficiency was calculated using the mean force and the electromyographic linear envelope. Between-group differences were observed for the maximal and mean force (Prange = .001-.005), power (P = .001), and neuromuscular efficiency (Prange = .001-.03) with higher significant values for the higher acceleration group in both concentric and eccentric phases. Distinct acceleration profiles affect the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. To ensure immediate higher levels of power and force output without depriving the neuromuscular system, acceleration profiles higher than 2.5m/s2 are preferable. The acceleration profiles could be an alternative to evolve the isoinertial exercise.

The acute effect of vibration exercise on concentric muscular characteristics

This study was designed to compare the acute effect of vibration exercise with a concentric-only activity (arm cranking) on concentric-only muscle action using an upper body isoinertial exercise. Twelve healthy, physically active men, 30.0y+/-6.1 (mean+/-S.D.); height 1.81m+/-0.06; and weight 83.4kg+/-9.7, performed four maximal prone bench pull (PBP) efforts before and after a 5-min period of three different interventions: (1) acute vibration exercise (VBX); (2) arm cranking (AC); and (3) control (no exercise) (NVBX). Electromyography (EMG) activity was assessed from the middle trapezius muscle during PBP. Acute VBX was induced with an electric-powered dumbbell (DB) (frequency 26Hz, amplitude 3mm), with 30-s exposures at five different shoulder positions. NVXB was performed with the participants holding the DB with the machine turned off, and AC was performed at 25W. There was a significant (intervention x pre-post) interaction such that acute VBX and AC enhanced peak power by 4.8% (p<0.001) and 3.0% (p<0.001), respectively, compared to NVBX (-2.7%). However, there was no effect of any treatments on EMG activity compared to the control. In conclusion, acute VBX provides an acute ergogenic effect which potentiates concentric-only muscle performance, though not to a significantly greater extent than concentric (arm cranking) exercise.

A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques for eliciting matched metabolic responses in persons with paraplegia

Nash MS, Jacobs PL, Woods JM, Clark JE, Pray TA, Pumarejo AE. A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques for eliciting matched metabolic responses in persons with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:201-9. Objective: To test whether acute metabolic (V̇O2), chronotropic (heart rate), and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion; RPE) responses to exercise by persons with paraplegia differ when the exercise is on a multistation isoinertial exercise system (MultiGym) or on a customized system of Thera-Band® resistance bands (ElasticGym). Design: Within-subjects comparison of 2 treatments. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: Sixteen men and 1 woman with complete paraplegia (T4-L1), as defined by the American Spinal Injury Association. Interventions: A circuit resistance training (CRT) program for persons with paraplegia was adapted to both a MultiGym and a customized ElasticGym. Exercises used for training and testing used 6 resistance maneuvers at 50% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), with interposed rapid arm spinning. Subjects were habituated to both conditions for 2 weeks before testing on randomized nonconsecutive days. Main Outcome Measures: V̇O2 (L/min) was measured by portable spirometry, heart rate (beats/min) by a chest strap monitor, and RPE by the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (6-20). Results: No significant effects of test condition on average V̇O2 or heart rate were observed, with differences between conditions reflecting only.08L/min and 6.4 beats/min, respectively. Average RPE was significantly higher in testing under the ElasticGym condition (P <.05). Conclusions: CRT on a customized ElasticGym system elicited acute metabolic and chronotropic responses that did not differ from responses to exercise on a MultiGym, though RPE was greater with the ElasticGym. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation