Isoflavone Supplementation Research Articles

#1526 Effects of dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background and Aims To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Method We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on DN. Literature searching was performed via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and hand searching of the reference lists. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs that evaluated the effects of any dietary intervention on clinical outcomes of DN were included. Two reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of the included articles through AMSTAR score. In addition, according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), evidence of each outcome was evaluated and graded as “high”, “moderate”, “low” or “very low” quality to draw conclusions. Additionally, we classified evidence of outcomes into 4 categories (class I to IV and non-significant (NS)). Results We identified 36 meta-analyses of RCTs and 55 clinical outcomes of DN from 395 unique articles (Fig. 1). Moderate quality evidence suggested that probiotics supplementation could significantly improve blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in DN patients. Low quality evidence indicated that probiotics supplementation significantly improved serum creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in DN patients. In addition, low quality evidence suggested that a salt restriction diet could significantly improve creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) in patients with DN. Low quality evidence suggested that vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve UACR in patients with DN. Besides, low quality evidence indicated that soy isoflavone supplementation could significantly improve BUN, FBG, TC, triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C in patients with DN. Furthermore, low quality evidence suggested that coenzyme Q10 supplementation could significantly improve HbA1c, TC and HDL-C in patients with DN, and dietary polyphenols also significantly improved HbA1c in patients with DN. Finally, low quality evidence suggested supplementation of antioxidant vitamins could significantly improve serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c in patients with DN. The remaining outcomes were rated as very low quality due to significant risk of bias, significant heterogeneity, imprecision, and publication bias. Given the small sample size, all significantly associated outcomes were evaluated as class IV evidence (Fig. 2). Conclusion Moderate to low evidence suggests that supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, soy isoflavones, coenzyme Q10, dietary polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, and salt-restricted diets may significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with DN.

The effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accounts as a crucial health concern with a huge burden on health and economic systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on metabolic status in patients with NAFLD.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to either soy isoflavone or placebo groups for 12 weeks. The soy isoflavone group took 100 mg/d soy isoflavone and the placebo group took the similar tablets containing starch. Anthropometric indices, blood lipids, glycemic parameters and blood pressure were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study.ResultsAt the end of week 12 the level of serum triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) was significantly decreased only in soy isoflavone group compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Although waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly in both groups after 12 weeks of intervention (P < 0.05), hip circumference (HC) decreased significantly only in soy isoflavone group (P = 0.001). No significant changes observed regarding high density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood pressure in both groups. At the end of the study, serum glucose level was significantly decreased in the placebo group compared to baseline (P = 0.047). No significant changes demonstrated in the soy isoflavone group in regard to glycemic parameters (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study revealed that soy isoflavones could significantly reduce TG, LDL TC, WC and HC in NAFLD patients.Trial registrationThe Ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences approved the protocol of the present clinical research (IR.AJUMS.REC.1401.155). The study was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study’s registered number and date are IRCT20220801055597N1 and 20.09.2022, respectively at https://fa.irct.ir.

The Influence of Soy Isoflavones and Soy Isoflavones with Inulin on Kidney Morphology, Fatty Acids, and Associated Parameters in Rats with and without Induced Diabetes Type 2.

Diabetes mellitus resulting from hyperglycemia stands as the primary cause of diabetic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that plasma concentrations of soy isoflavones, substances with well-established antidiabetic properties, rise following supplemental inulin administration. The investigation encompassed 36 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats segregated into two cohorts: non-diabetic and diabetic, induced with type 2 diabetes (high-fat diet + two intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections). Each cohort was further divided into three subgroups (n = 6): control, isoflavone-treated, and isoflavone plus inulin-treated rats. Tail blood glucose and ketone levels were gauged. Upon termination, blood samples were drawn directly from the heart for urea, creatinine, and HbA1c/HbF analyses. One kidney per rat underwent histological (H-E) and immunohistochemical assessments (anti-AQP1, anti-AQP2, anti-AVPR2, anti-SLC22A2, anti-ACC-alpha, anti-SREBP-1). The remaining kidney underwent fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Results unveiled notable alterations in water intake, body and kidney mass, kidney morphology, fatty acids, AQP2, AVPR2, AcetylCoA, SREBP-1, blood urea, creatinine, and glucose levels in control rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Isoflavone supplementation exhibited favorable effects on plasma urea, plasma urea/creatinine ratio, glycemia, water intake, and kidney mass, morphology, and function in type 2 diabetic rats. Additional inulin supplementation frequently modulated the action of soy isoflavones.

Effects of dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN). We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on DN incidence. The literature was searched via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. According to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), evidence of each outcome was evaluated and graded as "high", "moderate", "low" or "very low" quality to draw conclusions. Additionally, we classified evidence of outcomes into 4 categories. We identified 36 meta-analyses of RCTs and 55 clinical outcomes of DN from 395 unique articles. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that probiotic supplementation could significantly improve blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN patients. Low-quality evidence indicated that probiotic supplementation significantly improved the serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in DN patients. In addition, low-quality evidence suggested that a salt restriction diet could significantly improve the creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) in patients with DN. Low-quality evidence suggested that vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve the UACR in patients with DN. In addition, low-quality evidence has indicated that soy isoflavone supplementation could significantly improve BUN, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C levels in patients with DN. Furthermore, low-quality evidence suggested that coenzyme Q10 supplementation could significantly improve HbA1c, TC and HDL-C in patients with DN, and dietary polyphenols also significantly improved HbA1c in patients with DN. Finally, low-quality evidence suggested that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins could significantly improve the serum creatinine concentration, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c level in patients with DN. Given the small sample size, all significantly associated outcomes were evaluated as class IV evidence. Moderate to low amounts of evidence suggest that supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, soy isoflavones, coenzyme Q10, dietary polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, or salt-restricted diets may significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with DN. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024512670.

Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Background and Objectives: Hormonal changes physiologically occurring in menopausal women may increase the risk of developing metabolic and vasomotor disturbances, which contribute to increase the risk of developing other concomitant pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 200 menopausal women with MetS and vasomotor symptoms taking one sachet per day of the dietary supplement INOFOLIC® NRT (Farmares srl, Rome, Italy) were collected. Each sachet consisted of myo-Inositol (2000 mg), cocoa polyphenols (30 mg), and soy isoflavones (80 mg, of which 50 mg is genistin). Patients recorded their symptoms through a medical questionnaire at the beginning of the administration (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: We observed an improvement in both the frequency and the severity of hot flushes: increased percentage of 2-3 hot flushes (28 at T0 vs. 65% at T1, p value < 0.001) and decreased percentage of 4-9 hot flushes (54% at T0 vs. 18% at T1, p value < 0.001). Moreover, symptoms of depression improved after supplementation (87% at T0 vs. 56% at T1 of patients reported moderate depression symptoms, p value < 0.001). Regarding metabolic profile, women improved body mass index and waist circumference with a reduction in the percentage of overweight and obesity women (88% at T0 vs. 51% at T1, p value = 0.01; 14% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p value = 0.04). In addition, the number of women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes reduced (26% at T0 vs. 16% at T1, p value = 0.04). Conclusions: These data corroborate previously observed beneficial effects of the oral administration of myo-Inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones against menopausal symptoms in the study population. Considering the promising results of the present study, further prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to deeply understand and support the efficacy of these natural compounds for the management of menopausal symptoms.

Enrichment of milk antioxidant activity by dietary supplementation of red clover isoflavone in cows and its improvement on mice intestinal health

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavone was supplemented to dairy cows, and antioxidant capacity of milk was assessed. Treated cows increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced production of oxidation products, and enhanced the concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C. Moreover, milk fatty acid profile was positive influenced by 8 g/kg red clover isoflavone, with changes in the lower saturated and higher unsaturated fatty acids. We further demonstrated the efficacy of antioxidant capacity of milk in mice, found that milk from cows feeding red clover isoflavone increased the expressions of antioxidant enzymes, and alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tissue damage of duodenum and jejunum, which was related to upregulated metabolism pathways of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid, as well as downregulated inflammatory related pathways. Together, dietary supplementation of red clover isoflavone is an effective way to improve milk antioxidant capacity, providing a natural strategy for developing functional foods.

Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved?

Isoflavones are a group of (poly)phenols, also defined as phytoestrogens, with chemical structures comparable with estrogen, that exert weak estrogenic effects. These phytochemical compounds have been targeted for their proven antioxidant and protective effects. Recognizing the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a growing interest in understanding the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with these phytochemical compounds. Gut microbiota may play a key role in mediating the effects of isoflavones on vascular and endothelial functions, as it is directly implicated in isoflavones metabolism. The findings from randomized clinical trials indicate that isoflavone supplementation may exert putative effects on vascular biomarkers among healthy individuals, but not among patients affected by cardiometabolic disorders. These results might be explained by the enzymatic transformation to which isoflavones are subjected by the gut microbiota, suggesting that a diverse composition of the microbiota may determine the diverse bioavailability of these compounds. Specifically, the conversion of isoflavones in equol-a microbiota-derived metabolite-seems to differ between individuals. Further studies are needed to clarify the intricate molecular mechanisms behind these contrasting results.

Effects of soy isoflavones on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens that provide protection against some hormonal disorders and regulate several physiological functions in animals. This study investigates the effects of soy isoflavones on body composition, antioxidant activity, non-specific immunity, and lipid metabolism in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis. A total of 960 juvenile crabs (1.09 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to 24 tanks (300L), with 40 crabs in each tank in four replicates. The crabs were fed diets (43.5% protein and 7% lipid) with six levels of soy isoflavones (0, 8.8, 15.8, 33.8, 66.8, and 137.0 mg/kg) at 4% BW/day for 56 days. The final biomass and biomass gain of crabs supplemented with 15.8 and 33.8 mg/kg soy isoflavones were significantly higher than those in the control group. The total lipid content in the whole-body and hepatopancreas of the crabs fed 15.8 and 33.8 mg/kg soy isoflavones was significantly lower than in the control group. Compared with the control group, soy isoflavones significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas by 40%, 57% and 79%, respectively, and significantly decreased malondialdehyde content by 24%. The high dietary soy isoflavones levels increased total protein and hemocyanin contents in hemolymph, and alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly enhanced. The triglyceride contents in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph were significantly lower in the soy isoflavones-supplemented group. Dietary soy isoflavones may reduce lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas by repressing genes related to lipid synthesis and promoting the expression of lipid oxidation and transport genes. The broken-line model analysis of biomass gain against dietary soy isoflavones levels shows that the optimal supplemental level of soy isoflavones for juvenile crabs is approximately 26.66 mg/kg. Thus, this study suggests that dietary soy isoflavones supplementation can improve growth performance and health and reduce lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of juvenile crabs.

Effect of soy isoflavones on bone health among female university students: a pilot study

Low bone mineral density (BMD) has become more common in young women. In postmenopausal women, soy isoflavones have been demonstrated to have a powerful influence on bone health when taken as a food supplement. It is unclear how soy isoflavones affect premenopausal women, though. This study looked at how soy isoflavones affected female university students’ BMD. Thirty female students, aged 18 to 25, were introduced to a Quasi-experimental design, where only 28 could complete the study. Participants received soy isoflavone at 60 mg/day for 28 days. BMD was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before and after supplementation. In addition, twenty-four hours food recall and food frequency questioners (FFQ) were used to evaluate the dietary intake of participants. The prevalence of osteoporosis among participants was 18% osteoporosis, 61% osteopenia and 21% normal. After 4 weeks of intervention, a slight improvement in the BMD was recorded. This improvement was noticed in 33, 59, and 40% of normal,osteopenia, and osteoporosis participants, respectively. Soy isoflavone supplementation can be useful in decreasing the risk of osteopenia among premenopausal women. These promising results ensure the viability of conducting full-scale clinical trials to thoroughly look at the relationship between soy isoflavones and bone health among pre-menopausal women. Keywords: Osteoporosis; Bone mineral density; Soy isoflavone; Saudi Arabia

Abstract P2-06-02: A randomized controlled trial of soy isoflavone intake on mammographic density among Malaysian women

Abstract Introduction: Soy intake is associated with lower breast cancer risk in observational studies of Asian women, but clinical trials of soy isoflavone (ISF) supplements report no effect on biomarkers of breast cancer risk among Caucasian women. To date, there are no such trials among Asian women living in Asia. We conducted a three-armed, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the effects of one-year intervention of soy isoflavone supplements (100mg/day) or soy isoflavones through diet (50mg/day) on mammographic density (MD) change among peri- and postmenopausal Malaysian women. Methodology: Healthy women between 45-65 years old were enrolled between November 2018 and December 2019 at a private tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Women were randomly assigned into the 100mg/day ISF Supplement arm, 50mg/day ISF Diet arm, or Control arm. Dense area was assessed from digital mammograms conducted at enrolment and after 12 months. We compared absolute and relative change in dense area over the study period by study arm using Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Of the 118 women who received the intervention, 91 women completed the study whilst 27 women (23%) were lost to follow up. After 12 months of intervention, women in the ISF Supplement arm observed a marginally larger decline in dense area (-1.3cm2), compared to women in the ISF Diet arm (-0.5cm2) and Control arm (-0.8cm2), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.479). Notably, these effects appear to be stronger and limited to women who enrolled within 5 years of menopause, where up to 6cm2 decline in MD was observed in the ISF Supplement arm, compared to &amp;lt; 1.0cm in the Control arm (p=0.131). Conclusion: This RCT demonstrates a possible causal association between soy ISF intake and lower breast cancer risk among Asian women, specifically around the time of menopause, but these findings will require confirmation in a larger trial. Citation Format: Nadia Rajaram, Beverley Yap, Mikael Eriksson, Shivaani Mariapun, Lee Mei Tan, Hamizah Saat, Evelyn Ho, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Geok Lin Khor, Cheng Har Yip, Weang Kee Ho, Per Hall, Soo Hwang Teo. A randomized controlled trial of soy isoflavone intake on mammographic density among Malaysian women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-02.

Effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones on growth performance, antioxidant function, intestinal morphology, and microbiota composition in Wenchang chickens.

Many benefits have been found in supplementing tannins or soybean isoflavones to poultry, including increased body weight gain, antioxidant activity, and better intestinal morphology. However, few studies tested the influence of dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones supplementation on Wenchang chickens. This study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones on the growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal health of female Wenchang chickens. A total of 300 chickens were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The chickens in the control group (Con) were fed a basal diet; the four experimental groups were fed a basal diet with different supplements: 300 mg/kg of dandelion tannin (DT1), 500 mg/kg of dandelion tannin (DT2), 300 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone (SI1), or 500 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone (SI2). The experiment lasted 40 days. The results showed that the final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were higher in the DT2 and SI1 groups than in the Con group (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with dandelion tannin or soybean isoflavone increased the level of serum albumin (P <0.05); the concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase and glucose were significantly higher in the SI1 group (P < 0.05) than in the Con group and the concentration of triglycerides in the DT1 group (P < 0.05). The serum catalase (CAT) level was higher in the DT1 and SI1 groups than in the Con group (P < 0.05). The ileum pH value was lower in the DT2 or SI1 group than in the Con group (P < 0.05). The jejunum villus height and mucosal muscularis thickness were increased in the DT2 and SI1 groups (P < 0.05), whereas the jejunum crypt depth was decreased in the DT1 or DT2 group compared to the Con group (P < 0.05). In addition, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum of the SI1 group and those of occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in the ileum of the DT2 and SI1 groups were upregulated (P < 0.05) compared to the Con group. Moreover, the DT2 and SI1 groups exhibited reduced intestinal microbiota diversity relative to the Con group, as evidenced by decreased Simpson and Shannon indexes. Compared to the Con group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was lower and that of Barnesiella was higher in the DT2 group (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg of dandelion tannin or 300 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone improved the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology and modulated the cecal microbiota composition of Wenchang chickens.

Comparative analysis of effect of life style modification with and without isoflavones for menopausal symptoms

Background: Natural or spontaneous menopause is a transition period in a woman&#39;s life from the reproductive to the non-reproductive phase. It happens with the final menstrual period, which is known to happen after 12 months of amenorrhea with no obvious pathological or physiological causes.1,2 It promotes aging and hastens the progression of non-communicable diseases. Menopause occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 worldwide.2 Menopause symptoms manifest not only in the female genital tract, but also in the skeletal, cardiovascular, and psychological systems. With rising life expectancy, women are more likely to experience long periods of menopause, accounting for roughly one-third of their age. As a result, the morbidity burden has increased. Aim and Objectives: To compare the effects of lifestyle modification with & without isoflavones supplementation for menopausal symptoms. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Upper India Sugar Exchange Maternity Hospital, GSVM Medical College in Kanpur of Uttar Pradesh state. This hospital is a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study was conducted in obstetrics department of the hospital. Postmenopausal women who had at least 1 year history of cessation of menses were included. Availability of subjects for the entire study period and willingness to adhere to protocol requirements as evidence by written informed consent. Perimenopausal females of age >40 years. Perimenopausal is the period immediately prior to and up to 1 year after the final menstrual period. Conclusion: The present study was a triple arm randomized clinical trials study conducted to determine the comparative analysis of effect of lifestyle modification with and without Isoflavanis for menopausal symptoms was performed at the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Upper India Sugar Exchange Maternity Hospital, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. The following are the important conclusion drawn from the study. In our study majority of the women were 50 - 69 years age group from urbon population and housewives in occupation in all three groups respectively. In our study majority of the patients had normal BMI and blood pressure in all groups Isoflavanis life style modification and lifestyle Isoflavanis respectively. In our study Vasomotor symptoms psychological and urogenital symptoms reduce after the lifestyle dietary and yoga with Isoflavane and intervention which is shown by reduction in MRS score after the intervention. The results of the present study strongly recommend lifestyle modification dietary supplementation yoga and Isoflavane supplementation resulted in reduction of menopausal symptoms. Thus importance of life-style management yoga and Isoflavane to be incorporated in daily routine under the supervision and motivation / adherence can be mandatory. The mean, Vasomotor symptoms were significantly lower in lifestyle mod which Isoflavane group III group at 2nd visit and 3rd visit. In our study regarding the safety profile of phyto-estrogen Isoflavane no majoride effect, were found and only minor side effect like headache, nausea, vomiting were present. No breakthrough bleeding (every women with hormone therapy).

Efficacy of Non-Soy Isoflavone (Pueraria phaseoloides) on The Symptoms Severity Scoring by Kupperman Index in Menopausal Women

Introduction: Menopause is defined by a decline in estrogen levels, which causes various symptoms. Treatments based on foods or supplements enriched in phytoestrogens, notably isoflavones, plant-derived compounds with estrogenic effects, have recently become quite popular. This study aims to see how effective non-soy isoflavone supplementation is for menopausal symptoms in women. Methods: 26 menopausal women were given 67.5 mg of non-soy isoflavone, and 25 menopausal women were given a placebo daily for 12 weeks in an analytical double-blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria were (1) RCT, (2) perimenopausal or postmenopausal women experiencing menopausal symptoms, (3) intervention with an oral non-soy isoflavone. Symptoms Severity Score (SSS) based on the Kupperman index (KI) questionnaire was administered to the patients before starting and at the end of the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the responses. Results: The difference in SSS scores between the treatment and control groups was significant (p = 0.000). Women receiving 67.5 mg of non-soy isoflavone daily, reduced myalgia, fatigue, and hot flushes by 92.3%, 77%, and 53.8%, respectively. For clinical significance rating, relative risk reduction (RRR) is used. A significant RRR value resulted from myalgia symptoms (76.6%), fatigue (55.7%), hot flushes (39.2%), and SSS (68.7%). Conclusion: Isoflavones did not bring a significant change in Kupperman Index compared to placebo but provided significantly improved Symptoms Severity Scoring in menopausal women.

Dietary Soy Isoflavones Prevent Metabolic Disturbs Associated with a Deleterious Combination of Obesity and Menopause.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation (25 mg/kg) on insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue in an experimental model of menopause-obesity. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (O) and distributed among the groups: OSD-ovariectomized rats submitted to normocaloric standard diet (n = 6); OHF-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet (n = 9); and OHFI-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet with isoflavones (n = 9). Weight gain, body adiposity, food and caloric intake, blood pressure, and glucose tolerance were assessed. After 24 weeks, the rats were euthanized; the thoracic blood collected for serum insulin determination and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment-β cell (HOMA-β) indices were calculated. Abdominal adipose tissues were removed, weighed, and fixed for immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. Isoflavones decreased weight gain and blood pressure without changing the food and caloric intake (P < .05). Isoflavones did not affect the weight of the abdominal adipose tissue depots (P < .05). Although they did not alter glucose tolerance, the isoflavones reduced HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, serum insulin levels, in addition to reducing adipocytes' size (P < .05). The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and crown-like structures in adipose tissue was lower in the group treated with isoflavones (P < .05). In conclusion, our data show that dietary soy isoflavones' supplementation prevents many of well-known deleterious combination of obesity and menopause on metabolism, such as body overweight, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation.

Soy Isoflavones and Bone Health: Focus on the RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway.

Bone remodels via resorption and formation, two phenomena that continuously occur in bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is one of the several mechanisms that affect bone turnover. The RANKL/OPG ratio has a substantial role in bone resorption. An imbalance between formation and resorption is related to an increased RANKL/OPG balance. OPG, a member of this system, can bind to RANKL and suppress RANK-RANKL interaction, and subsequently, inhibit further osteoclastogenesis. The serum levels of RANKL and OPG in the bone microenvironment are vital for osteoclasts formation. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays a role in the pathogenesis of bone disorders. This system can be considered a new treatment target for bone disorders. Soy isoflavones affect the RANK/RANKL/OPG system through numerous mechanisms. Soy isoflavones decrease RANKL levels and increase OPG levels. Therefore, isoflavones improve bone metabolism and decrease bone resorption. Soy isoflavones decrease serum markers of bone resorption and improve bone metabolism. However, while the available data are promising, the results of several studies reported no change in RANKL and OPG levels with isoflavones supplementation. In this regard, current evidence is insufficient for conclusive approval of the efficacy of isoflavones on RANKL/RANK/OPG and further research, including animal and human studies, are needed to confirm the effect of soy isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. This study was a review of available evidence to determine the role of isoflavones in bone hemostasis and the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. The identification of the effects of isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway directs future studies and leads to the development of effective treatment strategies for bone disorders.

The Combined Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and Soy Isoflavone Diet on MicroRNA-133 Gene in Ovariectomized Rats

Background: The combination of exercise and soy extract supplementation decreases cardiac related disease risk in postmenopausal women. Objectives: We assessed the combined impacts of soy isoflavone (IF) supplementation and exercise on the expression of microRNA-133 gene in ovariectomized rats’ hearts. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 female Wistar rats, which were assigned to five groups, including sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with soy IF supplementation (OVX + IF), OVX with exercise (OVX + HIIT), and OVX with both soy IFs and exercise (OVX + IF + HIIT). The experimental rats underwent high-intensity interval training (5 days/week) and/or supplied a soy IF supplementation for six weeks. The cardiac microRNA-133 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR after six weeks of intervention. Results: Ovariectomy down-regulated cardiac microRNA133 gene expression, but 42 days of IF administration or HIIT reversed this effect (P &gt; 0.05). The HIIT reversed estrogen-deficiency-related microRNA-133 down-regulation greater than IF or combining IF and HIIT (P &gt; 0.05). The OVX + IF and OVX + IF + HIIT (P &gt; 0.05) showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Our results suggested that treatment with exercise, soy IF, and the combined treatment could benefit microRNA-133 in ovariectomized rats. This effect was significant when exercise alone was used to induce treatment. Thus, these treatments could offer protection in the menopausal period.

Prévention nutritionnelle de l’ostéoporose chez l’adulte

A Mediterranean diet appears to be beneficial for bone health. It is recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis, especially since this diet has other health benefits unlike an unbalanced Western diet. Exclusion diets among vegetarians and especially vegans are to be avoided in the prevention of osteoporosis. In vegetarians and especially vegans, vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and sufficient protein intake must be systematically prescribed in order to reduce the excess risk of fracture. The literature globally shows a positive effect of dairy products in terms of impact on bone mineral density and fracture risk. This effect appears more marked for fermented milk products (yogurt, cheese). It is recommended to consume several varied dairy products (2 to 3) daily to prevent osteoporosis. Regarding vitamin D fortified foods, the scientific evidence is not sufficient to affirm an equivalence with vitamin D supplementation in terms of bone health. Certain strains of probiotics can reduce bone loss in a modest way, but the target population, the optimal bacterial strains and the methods of consumption remain insufficiently defined to specifically recommend their use in the prevention of osteoporosis. For Western women, there is insufficient data to recommend a soy food consumption or isoflavone supplements for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Influences of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium-Enriched Yeast, and Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Finishing Pigs.

This study investigated the effects of dietary compound antioxidants on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. A total of 36 barrows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 6 replicates. The pigs were fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 0.3 mg/kg selenium-enriched yeast, and 20 mg/kg soy isoflavone. Dietary compound antioxidants decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) at d 14–28 in finishing pigs (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were decreased while the plasma glutathione (GSH) to glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio (GSH/GSSG) was increased by compound antioxidants (p < 0.05). Dietary compound antioxidants increased loin area and b* value at 45 min, decreased backfat thickness at last rib, and drip loss at 48 h (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus at the genus level was increased and ileal Turicibacter_sp_H121 abundance at the species level was decreased by dietary compound antioxidants. Spearman analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus and plasma MDA concentration and meat drip loss at 48 h. Collectively, dietary supplementation with compound antioxidants of vitamin E, selenium-enrich yeast, and soy isoflavone could improve feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity, and modify the backfat thickness and meat quality through modulation of the gut microbiota community.

Effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on migraine characteristics, mental status and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in women with migraine: results of randomised controlled trial

BackgroundLiterature suggests a relationship between estrogen levels and migraine headache pathogenesis. However, the effect of soy isoflavones on migraine characteristic remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy isoflavones on migraine characteristics and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in women with migraine.MethodsEighty-three participants completed a randomized double-blind controlled trial, receiving 50 mg per day soy isoflavones or placebo supplementation for 8 weeks. Migraine severity, migraine days per month, frequency and duration of attacks, mental status, quality of life and serum CGRP levels were measured at baseline and the end of the intervention. Bivariate comparison and intention-to-treat (ITT) were used for analysis.ResultsSoy isoflavones intake resulted in a significant decrease in mean frequency (-2.36 vs -0.43, P < 0.001), duration (-2.50 vs -0.02, P < 0.001) of migraine attacks and CGRP level (-12.18 ng/l vs -8.62, P = 0.002) in compared to placebo group. Also, a significant improvement was found in quality of life (16.76 vs 2.52, P < 0.001). Although, reduction in the migraine severity and mental status did not reach a statistically significant level (P > 0.05).Conclusionsoy isoflavones supplementation may be considered as a complementary treatment for women with migraine to improve migraine characteristics and reduce the burden of disease.

Maternal immune activation and dietary soy isoflavone supplementation influence pig immune function but not muscle fiber formation.

The goals of this study were to determine the impact of maternal PRRSV infection on offspring muscle and immune development and the potential of dietary soy isoflavones to mitigate those effects. Thirteen first-parity gilts ("gilts") were randomly allotted into one of three treatments: not infected and fed a diet devoid of isoflavones (CON), infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and fed the control diet (POS) or that supplemented with 1,500 mg/kg soy-derived isoflavones (ISF). Gilts were inoculated with PRRSV intranasally on gestational day (GD) 70. After farrowing (GD 114 ± 2), 1-2 offspring ("pigs") closest to the average litter weight were selected either at birth (3 ± 2 d of age) or weaning (21 ± 2 d of age) to determine body, muscle, and organ weights as well as muscle cell number and size. Four weaned pigs of average body weight within each litter were selected for postnatal immune challenge. At PND 52, pigs were injected with 5 µg/kg BW lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally. Serum was collected at 0, 4, and 8 h following LPS administration to analyze tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). At PND 59, pigs were administered a novel vaccine to elicit an adaptive immune response. At PND 59, 66, and 73, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and T-cell populations determined by flow cytometry. Both POS and ISF pigs exhibited persistent PRRSV infections throughout the study (PND 1-73). At PND 3, whole body, muscle, and organ weights were not different (P > 0.22) between groups, with the exception of relative liver weight, which was increased (P < 0.05) in POS compared with CON pigs. At PND 21, ISF pigs had reduced (P ≤ 0.05) whole body and muscle weights, but greater (P < 0.05) kidney weight compared with CON, and greater (P < 0.05) relative liver weight compared with CON and POS. Muscle fiber number and size were not different (P > 0.39) between groups at birth or weaning. After LPS administration, TNF-α was greatest in ISF pigs (P < 0.05) at both 0 and 8 h post-challenge. At the peak time-point of 4 h post-challenge, ISF pigs had the greatest concentration of TNF-α and CON pigs had the lowest, with POS pigs being intermediate (P = 0.01). After vaccination, ISF offspring had shifts in T-cell populations indicating an impaired immune response. These data indicate that maternal PRRSV infection may impact offspring organ growth and immune function, particularly when the dam is supplemented with isoflavones.