Ismail Raji al-Faruqi Research Articles

المعالم المنهجية في دراسة القضايا القرآنية عند الفاروقي والعطاس

Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Sayyid Muhammad Naquib al-Attas were the founders of the Islamization of Knowledge movement. As Muslim philosophers, both have their own methods in formulating thoughts that originate from the Qur’an and Sunnah. So this research tries to reveal the method of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Sayyid Muhammad Naquib al-Attas in revealing the meanings contained in the verses of the Qur'an. This research uses a descriptive analysis method to compare the interpretation methods used by al-Faruqi and al-Attas. Among the conclusions of this research is that al-Faruqi uses an axiological approach in interpreting the Qur'an, where the verses of the Qur'an have a multi-level axiological value. Whereas al-Attas uses a semantic approach in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an and refers to elements of bil ma'tsur such as the Hadith of the Prophet SAW.

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY

This study aims to trace the historical development of theology in Islam and identify the factors that influence the emergence of various theological schools in Islam. This research also aims to understand how different theological views affect the way of thinking and lifestyle of Muslims. The research method used is the historical method which includes four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the development of Islamic theology can be divided into three main periods: classical, medieval, and modern. In the classical period, the rational and scientific Sunnatullah theology flourished, resulting in high productivity in various fields. However, in the medieval period, the fatalistic theology of Jabariyah dominated, causing a decline in theological thought. In the modern period, Islamic thinkers such as Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, Muhammad Abduh, and Hasan Hanafi tried to adapt Islamic teachings to the changing times through a rational and contextual approach. They emphasized the importance of ijtihad and reassessment of the language and historical context of classical theology to answer the challenges of modernity. This research contributes to enriching contemporary Islamic studies with in-depth insights into the evolution of theological thought in Islam.

The Relevance Between Pesantren's Character Education and Ismail Raji Faruqi's Thought

This article reviews the relevance of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's views on monotheism education and character education, focusing primarily on moral and religious education in Islamic boarding school environments in Indonesia. Monotheism education, a central concept in Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's thinking, is considered a crucial foundation in the development of science. The method used is library research, which collects and analyzes data from various sources such as books, journals, and related research. This research produces findings that al-Faruqi's concept of monotheism education is substantively relevant to character education, especially in the context of developing moral and religious character in Islamic boarding school environments. Al-Faruqi's contribution to enriching character education in Pesantren through a monotheistic approach helps ensure that Islamic values ​​and holistic personal development become the main focus, producing individuals with good morals committed to developing knowledge.

KONSTRUKSI KEILMUAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

The relationship between science and religion in the construction of Islamic knowledge tends to be dynamic. On one hand, some scholars argue that science and religion are two distinct entities, each with its own domain of study. On the other hand, others believe that there is a dialectical (integrated) relationship between science and religion, wherein they can complement each other's deficiencies. Science without religion may lose its values and ethics, while religion without science may lack the scientific dimension as a fundamental part of established knowledge construction. The aim of this research is to analyze in-depth the relationship between science, religion, and mathematics from an Islamic perspective. The analysis is conducted through library research, utilizing various reputable literature such as books and scientific journals. The findings of this research indicate that the relationship between science and religion (Islam) can take at least four forms: conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration. This conclusion is drawn from the perspectives of several scholars, including Ian G. Barbour, Fazlur Rahman, Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, Muhammad Nauquib Al-Attas, Mulyadhi Kartanegara, and Muhammad Amin Abdullah. The conflict between science and religion is not exclusive to Islam but is also observed in Christianity when philosophical views are deemed contradictory to church dogmas. The debate between science, philosophy, and religion in Islam began with Imam Al-Ghazali's critique of philosophical constructs in his work "Tahafut al-Falasifah" (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), which was responded to by Ibn Rushd with his work "Tahafut al-Tahafut" (The Incoherence of the Incoherence). To bridge the scholarly dichotomy, Muslim scholars propose the concept of interdisciplinary integration between religious sciences (al-ulūm al-dīniyah) and general sciences or philosophy (al-ulūm al-‘alamiyah / al-falāsifah).

AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF AL FARUQI'S THEORY OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THOMAS KUHN'S PARADIGM SHIFT THEORY

The discourse of Islamization of Knowledge proposed by Ismail Raji al Faruqi (d. 1986), which essentially seeks a paradigm shift from modern science to Islamic science, is increasingly interesting with more evidence being studied, either with an applied model, a comparison, or a critical one. In addition, the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), an institution founded by al Faruqi in 1981, which is responsible for realizing real Islamization, continues to grow to this day. These two things prove that al Faruqi's Islamization is one step ahead, when compared to other Islamization initiators such as Sayyed Hossein Nasr, Ziauddin Sardar, Najjar, or even Naquib al Attas. Al Faruqi's Islamization, which is based on a paradigm shift and the scientific community, seems to align with Thomas Kuhn's model of scientific revolution, which also requires a paradigm shift and the scientific community. Therefore, this article aims to examine the Islamization theory proposed by al Faruqi from Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift perspective. This study is a literature review. The data would be analyzed using content analysis, where the researchers perform an interpretation of the data. The approach used is the philosophy of science approach, which serves to outline the structure of science schemed by al Faruqi and Kuhn. This study concludes that the Islamization of knowledge proclaimed by al Faruqi and his scientific community is certainly a process of shifting the paradigm of Western science to the paradigm of Islamic science. Thus, al Faruqi's Islamization is a scientific revolution.

Islamization of Science Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Integration-Interconnection of Science Amin Abdullah: A Comparative Study

The discourse on the dichotomy of modern science and Islamic science is an interesting topic of discussion and is always debated by Muslim scientists. Some of them, namely Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and Amin Abdullah, are trying to respond to and solve problems that occur in the scientific realm. Al-Faruqi initiated the Islamization of science which seeks to unify the two sciences (science and Islam). Likewise, Amin Abdullah with his integration-interconnection paradigm also offers an open dialogue between the two sciences. Then this research aims to look at the structure of thought between the two figures mentioned, as well as looking for common threads related to the similarities and differences in the ideas of science integration being promoted. This research uses library research methods through several textual sources related to the topic discussed, primarily in the form of books by the two figures studied, and secondary in the form of scientific articles that have related themes. The results of this article are: 1) The Islamization of al-Faruqi's knowledge leads to the relevance between science and Islam, science is Islamized through twelve concrete steps based on the concept of monotheism. 2) Amin Abdullah's ideas regarding integration-interconnection can be seen from the spider web framework which emphasizes mastery of various sciences, both modern science and Islamic science. 3) The similarities in thinking between the two can be seen through the spirit in answering scientific dichotomies. The difference is, that al-Faruqi emphasized mastery of modern knowledge (science) to then be converted to Islam to conform to the pattern of monotheistic teachings. Meanwhile, Amin Abdullah's ideas emphasized mastery of general science and Islam. So that each scientific group is aware of its limitations and shortcomings so that they can complement and complement each other

Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Menurut Ismail Raji al-Faruqi

Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi is a muslim scholar who tried to integrate science with religion whose work is known as “Islamization of Science” based on monotheism which is the foundation of Islamic teachings. Where religion is needed in studying classical Islamic scholarship and modern Western science which is then processed into scientific knowledge. The findings of the debate on the Islamization of science, as reported by Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, are covered in this study. The methodology used in this study is content analysis, or philosophical analysis, which analyzes data using reasoning, introspection, and argumentation. In order for scholars to determine how Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, in his prime, defined the Islamization of science. Ismail Raji al-Faruqi is a notable thinker whose ideas have the power to lift the Muslim community's intellectual consciousness and act as a light in the face of darkness in the contemporary world. Numerous publications, including one in Indonesian, have been translated from Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's numerous writings. Books like Tauhid, Art of Tauhid, Atlas of Islamic Culture, and others have been translated.

Islamisasi Ilmu Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Keterbelakangan Kualitas Umat Islam Di Era Modern

Education is important human progress. Likewise, Islamic education a very important role in determining the quality of life of Muslims. Unfortunately, in this modern era it can felt that Islamic education is lagging behind modern western. According to Al-Faruqi, this is evidenced by existence of identity crisis, loss of economic, political and intellectual independence in Islamic world, existence of sectarianism that focuses on borders, and slow modernization (Ramdhani, 2013 ). There are factors that cause these things, namely: the influence of western science and philosophy, colonialism, lack of Islamic unity, and lack of modernization of Islamic. To overcome these problems, ulama proposed the Islamization of science. This article was created using the SLR method. It aims to integrate Islamic principles and values into field of science and knowledge which involves a process of rethinking, re-evaluating and reconstructing scientific knowledge to enrich the vision and struggle of Islam (Sahide, 2015). The concept of Islamization of Science was introduced by Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi who defined it as an effort to integrate science into the unity of Muslim life with aims to improve the quality of Islamic education, and hoped it can also improve the quality of life of Muslims in this era.

Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's Ecotheology: The Concept of Environmental Sustainability Faith-Based

<p>This article explains an ecotheological view from Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi in overcoming the problem of environmental damage. This research uses literature or document study methods in qualitative research with interpretive analysis. The data used is primary and secondary. Primary data was taken from the work of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Secondary data comes from literature relevant to Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Ecotheology, according to Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, is First, the environmental crisis according to Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi is an environmental situation where natural ecosystems and the environment on earth are threatened due to negative factors caused by humans, who do not realize that humans and nature are interdependent. Second, the Islamic view of the environment is that the environment is God's work, which was created as a place for humans to live, grow, and develop, as well as carry out their obligations as God's creatures. Third, the concept of faith-based environmental sustainability, according to Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, is maintaining the state of the natural environment by making belief in God the foundation for treating the environment as God has commanded.</p>

Integrasi Agama dan Sains dalam Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi

The purpose of this research is to find out the thoughts of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi related to the Integration of religion and Science. This research method uses descriptive qualitative using a literature study approach (Library Research). The results of this study show that Ismail Raji al-Faruqi (1921-1986) was born in Jaffa, a city on the southern coast of Palestine, (now in the territory of Israel). Al-Faruqi's monotheistic worldview is actually based on the desire to renew and refresh the initial ideational insights of the Salafiyah movement reformers, such as: Muhammad ibnu Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Idris As-Sanusi, Hasan Albana and so on. The Islamization of science is done by synthesizing Islam and modern science. This process must go through twelve stages, namely: (1) Mastery of modern scientific disciplines (2) Survey of disciplines. (3) Mastering the treasures of Islam, (4) If anthologies have been prepared, the treasures of Islamic thought must be analyzed from the perspective of relevant contemporary problems. (5) Determination of specific relevance for each discipline. (6) Critical appraisal of the modern discipline. (7) Critical appraisal of the Islamic treasury (8) Survey of the problems facing Muslims. (9) Survey of the problems facing humanity. (10) Creative analysis and synthesis. (11) Recasting modern disciplines into an Islamic framework. (12) Dissemination of the Islamicized knowledge.

Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's thought on Islamization of knowledge and its significance for Islamic education

This paper explores al-Faruqi's thoughts on the Islamization of knowledge and evaluates the significance of his ideas in the Islamic educational context. The study employs a comprehensive review of al-Faruqi's writings and contributions to the discourse on the related concept. To establish a comprehensive understanding, the discussion begins with the history of how the ideas on the Islamization of knowledge emerged. Subsequently, it explains al-Faruqi’s concept of Islamization of knowledge, suggesting that all disciplines comprising the humanities, the social, and the natural sciences must be Islamic-based and consistent with Islamic objectives. Furthermore, this paper delves into solving the education problem and the principles of the Islamization of knowledge by discussing the work plans employed. His most remarkable work plan is creating a university textbook tailored to the discipline, incorporating new insight on the meaning of Islam and innovative approaches to realizing that meaning. Fundamentally, the research highlights how al-Faruqi has greatly influenced the development of Islamic education by integrating Islamic principles into knowledge

Islamisasi Pengetahuan Syed Naquib Al-Attas dan Ismail Al-Faruqi

Echols and Hasan Sadily stated that the term "Islamization" comes from the English word "islamization", which means "to convert." When someone hears the word "Islamization of Science", some people feel that certain knowledge is not in accordance with Islam, so it must be Islamized. The two main figures, Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas and Ismail Raji Al Faruqi, are usually the center of attention when people talk about the Islamization of science. In terms of epistemology, al-Attas and al-Faruqi agree that science is not value-free but bound by values that are considered true. They also agree that science has the same goal, and its conception is based on the principles of metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, and axiology with monotheism as the key. While there are many similarities between the two, they differ in several fundamental ways. To achieve the success of the goal of Islamization, al-Attas places more emphasis on the subject than knowledge, namely humans, by cleansing the soul and adorning it with commendable qualities, so that the process of Islamization of knowledge will result in personal transformation as well as spiritual and Islamic Islam as a whole. However, al-Faruqi put more emphasis on the subject intended to be Islamized, namely the discipline itself.

Ismail al-Faruqi’s Tawhidic Approach in the Context of IOK

This study analyzed Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’s (1921-1986) fundamental ideas of education from the perspective of IOK and tawhidic framework and his critical contribution in articulating modern Islamic worldview and expounding its progressive and inclusive outlook. It set forth to discusses the ideas of Islamization of knowledge as envisaged and propounded in his major works that highlight the doctrine of tawhid and its overarching principle such as Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan, Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life dan etc. The study is based on library research using qualitative approaches by documenting sources derived from some major works of al-Faruqi and other relevant materials. The data was analyzed using descriptive, analytical, and comparative method. The study found that al-Faruqi has bring forth universal Islamic worldview that propounded transcendental religious and philosophical outlook based on his rational and universal premises. His philosophical ideal was founded on critical methodology of tawhid that was instrumental in projecting his Islamization of knowledge movement and in propounding its scientific and rational outlook in order to revived the spirit of reform and reconstructing ijtihad and reclaiming the universal and creative ummatic world order.

Patterns of Transcendence in the Early Buddhist Tradition: The Place of Wilfred Cantwell Smith in the Western Study of the Buddhist Tradition

Abstract This paper[i] examines the ideas of Wilfred Cantwell Smith about the early Buddhist tradition, and his place in the Western studies of Buddhism. It is discussed how the initial efforts of Western scholars paved the way for Buddhist studies to become an academic discipline in European universities. Since the study is about the early Buddhism, the Anglo-German school is focused for their contribution to the study of earlier school known as Theravada. The Theravada tradition strictly rejected the notion of God or divine. Therefore, concepts-such as- Self, Nirvana, and Dharma are of utmost importance in Western interpretive study of early Buddhism. The paper discusses the differences among the Western scholars regarding the meaning of these concepts in order to show Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s contributions in this regard. Smith’s emphasis on the faith of a Buddhist is interconnected with his critique of the notion of ‘religion.’ He is of the view that ‘religion’ as a concept has belittled the importance of faith in transcendence under the impact of modern Western secularism. He significantly emphasizes the notion of Dharma to describe faith in the early Buddhism. Smith considers Dharma as the transcendence with which a faithful Buddhist is involved. This, however, does not preclude Nirvana as an ultimate the transcendence. Hence, if Nirvana is conceptually an unapproachable transcendence that is beyond mundane, Dharma is an achievable transcendence in the mundane realm, according to Smith. Dharma as a transcendent moral ideal, thus, becomes the object of faith in the early Buddhist tradition. In this way, Smith, in addition to his unique analysis, agrees with Western Buddhologists who are not willing to deny divine in the Theravada tradition despite the tradition’s unequivocal rejection of such ideas. [i] The paper is partly based on the PhD dissertation entitled ‘The Notion of Transcendence in the Study of Religion: A Comparative Study between Wilfred Cantwell Smith and Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’ written by the first author of this paper.

Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi on Ummah and Its Relevance to Society 5.0

Society, which is a social structure, has its dynamics and can undergo significant changes. Society 5.0 is a new community concept promoted by Japan to be a solution to various social problems. Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi is one of the Muslim scholars who provide the concept of social order, one of which is the concept of the ummah. The purpose of this research is to find the relevance between Ummah and Society 5.0. The researcher uses a philosophical approach by using a qualitative research design or using a literature study by presenting a written presentation and the data that is analyzed and described. The results of this study are: the concept of ummah which is owned by Al-Faruqi and Society 5.0 is universalism which means that it is not particular and that all humans are the same, there are no differences in ethnicity, race, or nation. The concept of ummah Al-Faruqi and Society 5.0 has the concept of totalism which requires each individual to actualize divine values and will. The concept of ummah Al-Faruqi and Society 5.0 has the concept of independence where each individual has the freedom to will and will do what he does in realizing the values of life without any coercion. From these three concepts, the Islamic Society 5.0 concept was created which is characterized by a religious, intellectual, and observative society.

Islamization of Science Ismail Raji Al Faruqi in Forming Curriculum Integration at PTKI

Islamic scholarship was born out of concern for modern Western science that deviated from the spirit of the Renaissance which initially aimed to humanize humans, instead, there was dehumanization and secularization. Islamic scholarship also intends to respond to the idea of the Islamization of science, which is seen as a textualization, that is, to make Western sciences in harmony with Islam. The objectives of this study is to: Know the biography of Ismail Raji Al Faruqi as a Muslim scholar; 2). Knowing the Islamization of Science Ismail Raji al-Faruqi; 3). Knowing the thoughts of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's Islamic education curriculum. Islam Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi (1921 – 1986 A.D.), was born in Jaffa, a city on the Palestinian coast (now Israel). Al-Faruqi was born on January 1, 1921, to a distinguished family and upheld the teachings of Islam, Al-Faruqi grew up in Palestine and inherited the strong character of the Palestinian Arab tradition that persistently fought for his nation to liberate it from Israeli occupation. So that his mind is firmly bound to Palestine and experiences firsthand the tragedy felt by the Palestinian people. Al-Farruqi, once a governor in Palestine, was also a visiting Professor in various countries, al-Faruqi had been educated in various countries, including Palestine itself, America, Canada Egypt al-Faraqi was killed in his home with his wife Louis Lamya and two children in 1986. Islamization is al-Faruqi's solution to change the education system in accordance with Islamic ideals that Muslims have long abandoned and the system and education system adopted by Muslims from the West is one that endangers the Islamic spirit by separating revelation from reason. The concept of the Islamic curriculum that Al-Faruqi wanted was a curriculum that developed the traditional system (Islam) and the modern system (West) by adjusting the vision of Islam. Al-Faruqi aims to blend both the Islamic system and the Western system and eliminate the shortcomings of both systems.

Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's Thoughts towards The World of Islamic Education

The occurrence of a dichotomy between Islamic Education and Western Education has given birth to several reformers of Islamic Education. One of them is Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, a Muslim scholar with a background in Western Education who is actively involved in the world of Education. One of his phenomenal thoughts is related to the Islamization of knowledge, which is believed to be able to bring Islamic Education back forward and not just be a copycat of Western thought. In the context of Islamic Education, the knowledge that has not been integrated with Islamic values needs to be reviewed. In the Islamic Education curriculum, Al-Faruqi suggested instilling Islamic norms through the study of Islamic culture, both at the level of elementary education to higher education. The method used to examine Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's thoughts is a qualitative research method based on library research.

Analysis Of Distortion For Islamic Terms Used In English Textbooks For Islamic University Students Based On Al-Faruqi’s Concept

Islam taught by Rasulullah S.A.W, reached its golden age and became a reference to world civilization during the Umayyah, Abbasiah, and other dynasties which finally collapsed during the Ottoman Turks (1924 AD) which later made western civilization a reference point for civilization in this world. Under these conditions a big idea emerged to restore the glory of Muslims, especially in the field of science, the concept was known as the Islamization of knowledge, by Syed Naquib Al-Attas and Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. From the two scientists, Al-Faruqi specifically made the concept of Islamization of knowledge in the context of teaching English by making a guide book "Toward Islamic English". This then encouraged the author to examine three books, "Islamic English" authored by Professor Muhibbin Syah, "English for Islamic Studies" by Professor Djamaluddin Darwis, and "English for Islamic Studies" by Doctor Kardimin, to study what Islamic materials are integrated into learning English and whether the textbooks apply the guide to avoid the distortion of Islamic terms made by Al-Faruqi or not. The final results show, of the three books, the content of "aqidah" is more than the content of "shariah" and "akhlak” and the three books also found distortions in transliteration and translation of Islamic terms in English.

Education in the Al-Faruqi’s Perspective and Its Implementation in the Context of the Islamization of Knowledge

The paper analyzed Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’s (1921-1986) ideas on Islamic education and its significant impact on the Islamic world. It set forth to discusses the ideas of Islamization of knowledge (IOK) as envisaged by al-Faruqi through his works such as Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan, and Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life, which has contributed to a momentous breakthrough in Muslim education through its progressive and inclusive outlook and consciousness and vision of tawhid. The study was conducted based on library research. It qualitatively documented material and sources from significant works of al-Faruqi in archives, journals, magazines, books, transcripts, and other related materials. The data were analyzed using descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods. The study concluded that al-Faruqi has brought forth a universal Islamic worldview that propounded a transcendental religious and philosophical outlook based on his rational and universal ideal and standpoint. His philosophical ideal was founded on the critical methodology of tawhid that was instrumental in projecting his Islamization of knowledge project and propounding its scientific and rational outlook that aspires to revive the spirit of reform and reconstruct ijtihad and reclaim the creative and universal religious spirit and moral dynamics of the ummah. Al-Faruqi's contribution to the advancement of Islamic Education includes outlining the systemic and comprehensive principles and framework of the Islamization of Knowledge in education, social sciences, and the English language.

The Islamization of Science and Its Consequences: An Examination of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's Ideas

This research is motivated by the advancement of science, which has varied effects on human life and the environment. Science, on the one hand, can help and reduce human burdens, but it also contributes to the destruction of human values, and even self-existence. Western science, which is secular in nature, is founded on the concepts of materialism, naturalism, and existentialism, producing information that is divorced from spiritual and moral values. As a result, Islamic scholars believe that the Islamization of science must be formalized. The goal of this research was to learn about Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi's concept of Islamization of Science. The literature study approach was employed in this study, which involved examining journals, books, research reports, periodicals, and other publications. According to the findings of this study, al-Faruqi is a figure with excellent ideas for resolving people's issues. The concept of education is inextricably linked to the concept of monotheism, which became known as the Islamization of knowledge. Islamization is accomplished by a process of rationalization and sacralization of knowledge, as well as through the integration of Western and Islamic science. Al-Faruqi's ideas contribute to the intellectual development of Muslim civilization by integrating Islamic moral standards with modern education, giving rise to intellectuals all over the world, including in Indonesia.