Islamic Tenets Research Articles

Becoming a (Better) Muslim: A Connectivist Perspective on Learning Islam in Finland

Abstract The article explores the multisite learning of Islam by Finnish Muslims from the perspective of the connectivist learning theory, which makes visible the central contemporary ways of learning that emphasize the role of digitalization and collaborative learning with peers. We focus especially on learning in the context of Ramadan because, for many, the holy month is an essential time for apprehending Islamic tenets and practices. Our research indicates that the understanding of Islam among our research participants is a result of a complex set of connections and nodes of information, both online and offline. The research participants’ multisite learning was enriched with an abundance of horizontal (peer-to-peer) and vertical (teacher-to-student) connections, enabling multiple interpretations and reflective learning of Islam. Our research also suggests that in Finland, where Islam is a minority religion, the learning process to become a (better) Muslim contains many aspects shared equally by converts and those born Muslim.

Muslims for and Against Slavery: Debates on the European Abolitionism Within the Muslim Elite of Saint-Louis, Senegal (1844)

ABSTRACT This article explores the efforts of an inquiry in Saint-Louis, Senegal to abolish slavery in the nascent French colony between 1842 and 1844. It discusses the perspectives of a professional Muslim elite and highlights those who resisted slavery and those resisting abolition. The article thus demonstrates the complex positions Muslims took in facing emancipation and their implications for relationships between them and French colonialism. On the one hand, those Muslims in favour of the ransoming of enslaved people cited the Quran to assert the conditions under which slavery was permitted or denied, stressing the illegality of the current practice in Saint-Louis. On the other hand, those resisting emancipation claimed that abolitionism would destroy their society and traditional ways of living. Debates revolved around the organization of labour markets and the indemnity proposed by the French government to release captives from African or European masters. Those for and against slavery both drew their arguments on Islamic tenets, which shows that different ideas of liberty and society were mostly grounded in social classes rather than a single Islamic discourse.

Home loans and Muslims – an Australian perspective

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how Australian Muslims make consumption-related decisions regarding the purchase of home loan products.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research used in-depth semistructured interviews with community leaders from leading Muslim ethnic communities. Seventeen community leaders from the six largest Muslim community groups by country of birth and living in Melbourne and Sydney were selected for the interviews. The interview data was analyzed using NVivo 12.FindingsThe findings suggest that despite knowledge of and concern for Islamic tenets regarding the consumption of banking and financial products, including home loans, most Muslims viewed conventional home loans (CHL) as being permitted, essential or innocuous. Reasons for such views include the interpretation of Islamic tenets, limited awareness of available Islamic home loan offerings, convenience factors related to accessing CHL offerings, service quality levels, availability of technology-based services such as internet banking, and the influence of social groups and communities.Research limitations/implicationsThis research helps marketers understand the attitudes, subjective norms (SN) and behavioral factors related to the Muslim consumption of home loans.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research can facilitate the development of financial products and marketing strategies that better appeal to Muslims. Such loan products can improve the uptake of home loans (and, in effect, homeowners) by Muslims, potentially improving social and financial inclusion.Social implicationsThis research helps marketers understand the attitudes, SNs and behavioral factors related to the Muslim consumption of home loans, which can facilitate the development of financial products and marketing strategies that better appeal to Muslims. Such loan products can improve the uptake of home loans (and, in effect, homeowners) by Muslims, potentially improving social and financial inclusion.Originality/valueThis qualitative study explores the drivers of Muslim consumers’ uptake of home loans in Australia. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior and the literature, antecedents to attitude, SNs and perceived behavioral control that influence intention and behavior were investigated. It identifies factors influencing decision-making related to home loans by Australian Muslims, contributing to a theoretical framework to investigate Muslims’ consumption of financial products.

Islamic Literacy and Scholarship in African Languages: The Case of Hausa in West Africa

Language is the main instrument in the wider spread and documentation of Islam and Islamic history in Africa and beyond. Historical development and rapid spread of Islam in African societies were historically accredited to African languages. The historic contact of the first Muslim generations with the Ethiopian emperor opens up the gate for the socio-linguistic development of translating Islamic dogma and messages into African languages. The Hausa factor in West African Islam is well noted in the writings of the early Muslim scholars. African linguistics contributions enhance the converts' literacy and develop a strong community of scholars of the highest historical relevance in the history of Islam in the African context. Africa is the home of about 2000 languages, Nigeria is with more than 556 languages, having Hausa leading the race with about 150 million speakers was rated as number 11 out of 7500 languages in the modern world as of 2022. Interestingly, about 85% of the Hausa native speakers are Muslims and about 69 percent of the Nigerian Muslim scholars are either Hausa natives or hausanized through Islamic activities in Hausaland. Thus, the spread of Islam in Africa was the handwork of African languages and not by the sword as alleged by the observers. My contact with Muslim scholars of various regions in Hausaland justified that, the technique of identification and naming Arabic alphabets are the same across the regions. In addition, the Ajami writing styles are the same. Hundreds of books and manuscripts are of the same orthography. These gave me the courage to investigate how it helps Islamic scholarship in the West African regions. This paper aims to study the role of Hausa Muslim scholars in the translation, naming, and adaptation of the 28 Arabic alphabets into the Hausa language which led to the innovation of Hausa Ajami writing and subsequent development of scholarship in the Hausaland. The paper would critically look into the Hausa-Arabic battle of alphabets treatment and the role of mother tongue in Islamic scholarship activities in West Africa Islam, with special emphasis on Hausa-speaking communities of West Africa.

Deconstructing Misinterpretations: Exploring Islam and Eurocentrism in Nadeem Aslam's The Wasted Vigil

This qualitative study explores the depiction and interpretation of Islam in Nadeem Aslam's work The Wasted Vigil by, focusing on the notions of Said (1978) and Amin (1989) whose significant insights into the ideas of Othering, Orientalism, and Eurocentrism inform the analysis of the narrative. As a part of textual analysis, the paper uses thematic analysis as general method of research to explore the mechanisms in which Aslam's narrative construction is used to distort the historical events, Islamic philosophy, and practices. The analysis shows that Aslam's portrayal of Islam operates from a Eurocentric perspective, exoticizing the Islamic faith and perpetuating stereotypes that undermine its genuine nature. Additionally, the study emphasizes how Aslam's portrayal of Islam and his narrative decisions depart from authentic Islamic texts, including the Quran and Hadith, sustaining a narrative that portrays Islam as fundamentally superstitious and archaic religion. The results show that these distortions contribute to a cultural gulf that hinders a positive communication and comprehension between Western culture and Islamic dogma by reinforcing Eurocentric stereotypes.

THE UNITY OF COMMUNITY IN CEMETERY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE ISLAMIC BURIAL RITUALS IN ACEH, INDONESIA

Our study portrays burial rituals practiced by Aceh Province, Indonesia, as this ethnic group has distinctive traditions for burying deceased members of society due to the intertwining of cultures and religions in Aceh. The intertwining of the Islamic tenet with the local cultures has constructed the burial rituals in Aceh differently from any Islamic community in Indonesia. To discover the ritual’s distinction as this study’s focus, we explored three aspects of the rituals: processes, meanings, and implications. We integrated a qualitative approach through an ethnographic study by observing three burial rituals and interviewing 45 informants across the province. As a result, the processes covered initial meetings, grave cleansing, ceremonious announcement, feast, and pilgrimage. Regarding the ritual’s meanings, we revealed that the Acehnese people practiced the burial rituals to expect God’s blessing and forgiveness for the deceased, represent gratitude and homage toward the left family, affirm the local customs, and consolidate kinship relations. A for the implication, the series of rituals in burying a dead person in Aceh serves as a way to establish a vertical relationship from people to God, along with a horizontal relationship, from person to person, which contains local wisdom representing the identity of Aceh. The urgency of burial rituals reflects communities’ harmony and adherence to cultural and religious beliefs regardless of any condition.

Islamic dogmatic texts in Pyotr Tolstoy’s translation of «The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire»: the first fixation of adhan in Russian literature

The article discusses supposedly the first fixation of the text of the adhan in Russian literature, which is found in the Russian translation of Paul Ricaut's treatise entitled «The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire». This translation was made from the Italian version by Pyotr Tolstoy during his stay in the Ottoman Empire in 1702–1714. Already in the English edition of the treatise of 1686 there are errors in the transliteration of the Arabic text of adhan, and its meaning is not fully conveyed. For the English reader, only takbir and shahada were translated, that are the most characteristic dogmatic formulae that Europeans could be familiar with from the other sources. The number of transliteration errors has increased in French and Italian translations. In the Polish translation, transliteration errors were corrected, but the gap in the transmission of content was not filled. Pyotr Tolstoy, not being an orientalist, did not make an attempt to critically comprehend the distorted transmission of Arabic fragments in the Italian translation of Historia and did not fill in the missing readings in the translation, for example, by attracting informants who knew the language and basic tenets of Islam. This is also not done during the re-preparation of the Russian translation for publication in 1741, and the Polish translation, which was partly used at that time for verification, was not referred in this case. Previous experiences of transmitting basic Islamic formulae also remain unfamiliar to Tolstoy, which is not surprising, given their fragmentation and occasional nature.

Effect of Muslim Perspective of Predetermination of Life Events on Interreligious Dialogue in Nairobi County, Kenya

The Muslim perspective on predetermination of life events is a complex and delicate topic that has been the subject of much discussion and debate. According to Islamic theology, Allah has complete control over all aspects of the universe, including the destiny of every individual. This belief in predestination is a fundamental tenet of Islam and is based on the idea that Allah has already determined the cause of every person’s life before they are born. Interreligious dialogue is an important aspect of Muslim life and is seen as a means of promoting understanding and tolerance between different faiths. The main purpose of this study was to establish the effect of Muslim perspective of universal human brotherhood on interreligious dialogue in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research project adopted mixed research design while targeting 3 major mosques and 3 churches in Nairobi’s South C, Central and West regions. The target population comprised of one thousand, eight hundred and six. Faithful Christians and Muslims. The sample size included 93 faithful Muslims and 93 faithful Christians, giving a total of 186 respondents. Simple random and purposive sampling technique was used to arrive at the sample. The study used questionnaire method to collect data from 180 religionists. In addition, interview method was used to collect data from Imams and the clergy. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 was used to process the quantitative data. The analyzed data was summarized using tables and figures. Further, qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis.

Rituals in acculturation of islam and local traditions of the Bajo Tribe in Gorontalo

This study investigates the process of assimilation of Islamic practices and indigenous customs inside the ceremonies conducted by the Bajo Tribe. The rites performed by the Bajo people encompass a fusion of Islamic tenets with their indigenous beliefs, specifically centered around their reverence for the sea's sovereign. The amalgamation of these two ideologies yields a potent synergy. The Bajo people, as Muslims, fulfill the religious obligations of Islam, which includes commemorating the birth anniversary of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. In addition, the Bajo people also perform the Massoro and Bate' rituals, which are the most significant traditional ceremonies of the Bajo Tribe in Torosiaje Village. The Bajo tribe's customs are shaped by the integration and embodiment of these two ideas, which are expressed through values, norms, and laws that serve as guiding principles for their way of life. The ceremonies performed by the Bajo people stem from established traditions passed down through generations.

What Does Salafism Promise to Us? -The Political Theology of Purification and Stability in a Chaotic World-

Salafism, derived from the root of ‘Salaf’ in the sense of ‘the former’ as a word, means ‘the path of those who follow the footsteps of the former’ and refers to a kind of religious fanaticism or conservatism. Salafism, which expresses a strict and literal adherence to Islamic tenets and a return to the pure origins of religion in the Islamic tradition, is today used as a synonym for religious radicalism in fields such as Islamic Sciences, Political Science, and International Relations. With its traditional form; Salafism, which establishes itself through a stance against religious rationality and being pro-interpretation, represents a ‘return to the essence’ reaction against intra-religion pluralism and secularism. The Salafi paradigm, which advocates a return to the essence of religion, is also skeptical of the intellectual and artistic achievements and products of the Muslim civilization, and in this respect it represents an anti-cultural attitude. The damage done by the Salafist activist groups to the Islamic civilization and other cultures is concrete examples of this. This study concentrates on the causes that lead to the Salafist flare in modern times. The study analyzes which religious and social concerns it represents in the face of social change, modernization, and secularization. It examines the relationship between Salafism and Sunnism and highlights the misleading aspects of approaches that try to show it outside of Sunnism. Approaching the subject with an interdisciplinary approach, the study includes analyzes on the intersection of theology, political science, and international relations.
 Conceptual analyzes of Salafism reveal the pre-Islamic roots of this concept. In fact, the need to attribute a past essence and manage the present, which is common in every society, appears in the Arabs as 'following the way of the ancestors'. Sanctifying the past breeds suspicion of innovations and differences. 'Islamic essentialism', represented by Salafism, advocates constancy against change, essentialism against pluralism, nass against reason, and following over apostasy. Since it adopts a strict dogmatic (nass) and literal attitude in religious matters, it considers theology, philosophy and Sufism to be a departure from religion. As for the imagination of history, it embraces the idea of deterioration, separation from the essence and decay.
 In modern age, the Islamic world has faced a multifaceted crisis and collapse. Problems that started in the political field have expanded into the field of identity and values. Concerns about protecting identity, essence and faith have nourished Salafism as a radical conservatism.
 In the Islamic world, where crises continue to increase, Salafism attracts attention as a type of thought, belief, lifestyle and action. However, instead of producing a livable alternative, it represents a reactive stance and advocates a minimal and harsh religious life. Otherwise its harsh approach towards culture and art expresses a nihilistic view towards Islamic civilization. There is a confusion regarding Salafism in the Sunni world. This confusion is historically and theologically related to the adoption of Salafism by Sunnism. However, the growing new Salafism rejects the elements that make up the existing Sunni identity. This is an ironic situation for Sunnism. The theological tension between Sunnism, based on the knowledge of theology, fıqh and Sufism, and strict nass-based Salafism continues.

The Prophetic Methods of Teaching: A Legacy of Empowerment and Transformation

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) embodied a unique and all-encompassing method of imparting the foundational tenets of Islam, which were divinely revealed. His teachings spanned the breadth of human existence, encompassing facets of life, work, coexistence, and human relations, rendering them universally applicable across time and space. As both Allah's messenger and an exemplar for individual Muslims, the Prophet of Islam assumed a dual role. To present him as a paragon in every aspect of life, Muslims are encouraged to delve into the methods he employed for teaching and learning and to thoroughly delve into his Sunnah- his practices and traditions. This approach not only cultivates a comprehensive understanding of his life but also allows for the extraction of profound and invaluable lessons from it. The study delves into the often-overlooked educational pedagogy of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), whose holistic approach to teaching and learning presents a unique perspective on Islam. Contrasting with the secular educational theories rooted in Western and Eurocentric ideologies, the research explores the multifaceted teaching methods employed by the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) to educate individuals of all ages, backgrounds, and beliefs. Through exploratory research, drawing from Hadith, Sunnah, and the Prophet's (PBUH) Seerah, this study aims to revisit and uncover the diverse teaching methods and techniques employed by Prophet of Islam to nurture and educate his family, friends, companions, and even adversaries. The research provides insights into various aspects, including teaching strategies, applications, stages, and processes. The study initiates a comprehensive overview of the teaching methods and techniques used by the Prophet of Islam as part of his holistic approach to education. This foundational analysis serves as a tool for identifying critical issues that can guide further research in various areas. Ultimately, this research employs a critical analysis to illuminate the diverse teaching methods employed by Prophet of Islam and their relevance within the broader realm of pedagogical education. The study seeks to shed light on the enduring significance of these teaching methods and their potential impact on contemporary education.

Persian Literati, Islam and Politics in Early Modern South Asia: Being a Muslim in ‘Abd al-Haqq Dehlawi’s Texts

In the early modern period, Persian scholars deliberated on the complexities in the Islamic doctrines in distinct ways. Several Sufis and scholars engaged in intellectual debates regarding ideal Muslim conduct. This paper focuses on ‘Abd al-Haqq Muhaddis Dehlawi (1551–1642)—a polymath with specialised training in the Ḥadīs̤ and Sufism—to situate his ideas within the larger intellectual discourse about Islam in South Asia. On account of his training and scholastic approach, an a priori label of orthodoxy and revivalism is associated with ‘Abd al-Haqq. However, his letters to Mughal courtiers and his Sufi taz̠kirāt showcase his complex pedagogy as a scholar of Islamic praxis and Sufism. This paper delineates his lucid approach in underlining Islamic tenets and the history of the Sufis in South Asia.

THE SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC REITS AND THEIR SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS: MALAYSIA AS CASE STUDY.

The institutions that are committed to the Islamic tenets logically have got general sustainableperformance and positive social impacts. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the sustainability inMalaysian Islamic REITs’ performance in terms of dividends distributions, net profit and shareprice. Also, discovering the social contributions of them that often is link to the materialperformance. The methodology will include a mixed quantitative and qualitative case studyapproach to assess the performance and social responsibility of Listed IREITs in BursaMalaysia through a modelling set of questions. From the findings, two main different trendscan be highlighted (improving & deteriorating) relating to Malaysian IREITs' performance.The golden start-up period of Malaysian IREITs persisted only for 5 years in terms of theirpositive financial performance, which it reflected an increase in the net income and raise in theshare price of each fund of them. After 5 to 6 years from the inception, the negative financialperformance generally was noticed especially in share price. Moreover, it can be said thatMalaysian Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) do not make a positive socialcontribution based on the social responsibility activities mentioned in their annual reports. Theimplication is that social responsibility plays a fundamental role in the performance of IslamicREITs (IREITs), and this study highlights the importance of considering their social impacts,which have often been overlooked in previous studies focusing mainly on financialperformance.

Book Review: MUSLIM SANZIJING: SHIFTS AND CONTINUITIES IN THE DEFINITION OF ISLAM IN CHINA by Roberta Tontini

Roberta Tontini, Muslim Sanzijing: Shifts and Continuities in the Definition of Islam in China. Boston, Brill, 2016. 246 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-31925-7 (E-book). Like the well-received works of Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, James Frankel, and Kristian Petersen, Roberta Tontini’s Muslim Sanzijing: Shifts and Continuities in the Definition of Islam in China is a prominent scholarly work on textual analysis in the Chinese Islamic literature of the Han Kitab genre. In her book, the young scholar Tontini focuses her study on selected Islamic primers written in a three-character format (three-character classics of Islam) to "initiate Chinese Muslims in the basic tenets of Islam" (p. 8). She mainly discusses the Sanzijing genre of Chinese Islamic literature, one of the writing styles of Han Kitab literature. The Sanzijing, as one knows, is one of the Chinese classics, a very popular small book composed by an unknown author, in the form of three Chinese characters ("sanzi” 三字 denotes three characters while “jing” 经 signifies "classic") with the rhyme scheme. This form is easy for children to read by heart, at the same time installing in them the basic knowledge of Confucian teachings, Chinese history, geography, astronomy, and more. Chinese Muslim intellectuals knew well the role played by this literature in child education, thereby boldly adopting this form of Chinese literature into Muslim education. The first Chinese ‘alim who employed this form in Muslim education in China was Liu Zhi 刘智 (d. 1764), a prolific Chinese Muslim writer whose works, especially of Tianfang Dianli (Elegant Rituals of Islam) and Tianfang Sanzijing (Three-Characters Classic of Islam) are the main subjects of discussion in Tontini’s current work.

The criterion of the «worship» (‘ibada) concept from the point of view of Islamic dogma

This article is a study of the term ‘ibada (worship) through the prism of Sunni dogma, or rather a study of a criterion or measure, with the help of which it can be determined that some act or mental aspiration of a person is considered to be or not to be a worship from the point of view of Theology. This is important in order to correctly assess a person's actions in the context of monotheism and polytheism. A review of the sources and literature on this topic indicates that Sunni theologians from the time of al-Salaf al-Salih to the present day knew about this criterion, which is the conviction of the divinity of someone with respect to whom humility is manifested. Unfortunately, the medieval theologian Ibn-Taymiyya, whose legacy became the foundation for the followers of Salafism (Wahhabism), ignored this criterion in his definition of worship. This in turn led to fact that some masses of Muslims were accused of disbelief (kufr) and polytheism (shirk). Their particular actions were judged as worship of someone else except Allah. Currently, similar accusations against Muslims by the supporters of the Wahhabi doctrine still happen to occur. However, even among them there are those who are critical of the heritage of their authorities and admit the fallacy of the absence of this criterion in their works.

MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY TO ERADICATE THE ISLAMIC HERETICAL SECTS

This article aims to examined policy of Malaysian Government to eradicate the Islamic heretical sects. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with normative legal study and oral history approach. The main data sources is fatwas issued by the Ulama Council in Malaysia. This research concluded 3 results, namely: first, the criteria for Islamic deviant sects used in Malaysia are sects that adhere to contradictory beliefs about the true teachings of Islam as outlined in Quran and Hadith. Second, the pattern of ijtihad fatwas issued by the Ulama Council in Malaysia based on the concepts of theology, sharia and morality in the school of ahl al-sunnah wa al-jamā'ah. Third, there are two kinds of policies by the Malaysian Government to tackle the spread of misleading religious teachings. Fisrt, preventive policies, such as designing educational curricula against heretical teachings and preparing a Friday sermon on the need for Malaysian Muslims to avoid heresy. Second, curative policies, namely building faith restoration centers in order to guide followers of heretical teachings who have repented so that they can live according to true Islamic tenets.

The Echoes of a Dispute Over the Inimitability of the Qur’an in Ms Riccardiano 217 (Florence)

The paper focuses on a short text copied in the thirteenth-century manuscript Ricc. 217, preserved in Biblioteca Riccardiana (Florence), known by the title Fragmentum disputationis de Alcorani eloquentia inter Muslimum et Christianum. It is a brief Christian polemical argumentation over the eloquence of the Qur’anic language and the Islamic dogma of the inimitability of the Qur’an ( iʿjāz) in which the Dominican missionary Ramon Martì is named. Some historical, linguistic, codicological, and philological aspects will be taken into account to contribute to the discussion related to the possible genesis of this text, and the authorship of the Vocabulista in Arabico, the famous Arabic – Latin/Mozarabic lexicon preserved in the same codex. The short text of the Fragmentum is examined with a particular focus on its Qur’anic quotations, which are put in relation with other echoes of the similar disputes between Christians and Muslims and reported in different sources.

The Implementation of Islamic Principles in Sharia Financial Institutions

This study examines Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI), which are currently experiencing rapid growth across Indonesia, with numerous variations emerging, including various Islamic institutions. Operating in accordance with Islamic law, IFI initially provided an alternative for Muslims seeking to avoid the practices of conventional banks and financial institutions; however, they also serve as viable options for non-Muslims. The study addresses the pressing issue of implementing Islamic principles within IFI and explores the necessary conditions for their application. Employing a normative legal approach with case studies, the research highlights the challenges and frameworks surrounding IFI, concluding that IFI organizers must maintain a clear vision that aligns with Islamic principles to ensure their operations remain true to Islamic tenets.

Muslim Youth Under Sharia Regime in Aceh: From Accommodation to Resistance

In the context of shari’a implementation in Aceh, there has been resistance among young people wanting freedom and openness in public space with its modernity values. This study aims at investigating the responses of Aceh’s young people to the implementation of Sharia in Aceh and how it implies for the Sharia law enforcement in the region. This is a socio-legal research relying on interviews and focused-group discussions as data collection methods. Respondents consist of young people aged 20-25. This research finds out that there has been a normalization of sharia in the Acehnese society with young people tending to accept sharia in Islamic tenets, propagation, attires, economic system, and penal system. Those who were born after or a while before sharia was implemented for the first time tend to get used to the sharia and consider it a part of their normal life. Their responses vary, from accommodation, adaptation, compromise to resistance. The resistance leads to the agency and creating a counterspace as their comfort zone to express creativity. In turn, this religiosity model contributes to sharia's moderatization in Aceh. Therefore, there is a need for the Aceh local government to maintain and develop spaces for young people to express creativity while maintaining sharia as a part of their lives.

An Analysis of the Outcomes of Language Contacts: with Specials Reference to Arabi-Malayalam

Until the 20th century, the AM script was extensively used to teach religious literature and for creative expressions among Mappilas (Muslims in Malabar) in Kerala. Most of the Mappila songs were written in AM script. The literary tradition of Mappila Muslims of Malabar is evident in the AM literature that includes Romantic Ballads, Folk Tales and Battle Songs. AM periodicals had an important role in the social reformation of the Mappilas. Several periodicals were published in AM language to preach the basic tenets of Islam to the commoners and to make them aware of the evil practices and superstitions existed in those days. This study treats AM as a contact language and it aims at isolating the contact induced elements in AM. The empiric foundation of the present study is the extensive data collected from AM literature representating different period and from different genres. The works used for data collection were Mohiyudheen Maala (1607 A D), Nool Maduhu (1737 AD), The Padappattu (War Songs) of Moyeen Kutty Vaidyar (1852AD to 1892 AD), and Chaar Dharwesh (1883 AD). The results of this study indicate that there are various borrowing patterns of grammar that occur in ARABI-MALAYALAM language contacts such as; Coordinating Conjunctions, Number Markers, Adjectives etc.