Islamic State Research Articles

Contribution and involvement of Hazbans in islamic civilization(648_923H/1250_1517AD), Bahri and Charkas mamluks era as an illustration

Al-Hazbany played a significant role in building and managing authority during the Middle Ages, establishing a Kurdish emirate within the Islamic state. Their influence extended beyond their homeland, as they journeyed thousands of kilometers towards Egypt and the Levant, actively participating in state affairs. Notably, the tribe made substantial contributions to scientific development, particularly during the eras of the Bahri Mamluks and Circassian kingdoms. The research comprises an introduction and two sections. The introduction sheds light on the origins of the Al-Hazbany tribe, their geographical presence, and their early political engagements, Especially in the Kurdistan regions, because they started their first political and military uprising in Kurdistan. The first section explores the multifaceted role of the tribe in the Bahri Mamluks kingdoms, covering administrative, scientific, religious, and literary aspects, Because with the disappearance of Ayyubid rule, the Hazbanis continued to provide scientific and administrative services. In the second section, the focus shifts to the Circassian kingdoms, providing insights into the administrative and scientific roles of the Hazbanys and their significant contributions to reconstruction. We note that during this period the Kurdish Hazbanis paid attention to the aspect of prayer، for example, the construction of mosques, scientific sites and even places known by their names, but it is not known why they were used.

Analysis Of Calligraphy Skills of College Students Department Of Arabic Language Education Faculty Of Tarbiyah and Teacher Science North Sumatra State Islamic University

Learning calligraphy is an implementation of ability and potential and proficiency in writing Arabic. However, calligraphy writing does not only write about the art of beauty in Arabic, but there are other views, namely cognitive, affective and psychomotor. This study aims to describe the abilities and skills of students in writing calligraphy as well as the correct rules in writing Arabic khat. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were students of the North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU) Arabic language education-1 (stamp 2022), while the object of this research was in the form of material objects and objects from the results of their studies. The research focused on problems related to the level of difficulty and ease of writing Arabic khat (calligraphy). This data was obtained by means of structured interviews, namely literature studies and research documentation. Then the results of this study are: calligraphy writing in a psychomotor way, which means students' skills in writing calligraphy and calligraphy writing in a cognitive way is related to student intelligence and calligraphy writing ideas are based on affective, namely emotional, character and morals.

Second Account Instagram sebagai Media Self Disclosure di Kalangan Mahasiswa

Social media is a means for self-disclosure or self-disclosure. Instagram is a social media that is a means for self-disclosure, through the features of the Instagram application, students can share photos, videos, stories and other content to show aspects of their lives to other people. Not a few students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program of the Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi State Islamic University use a second Instagram account for several reasons, including because they have more freedom to open themselves on this account which only selected people can access. access it. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of research conducted on 12 (twelve) student informants can be concluded that the self-disclosure that tends to be highlighted is self-disclosure in open areas, blind areas and hidden areas.

Diagnostic And Analysis Misconceptions In Learning Redox And Electrochemistry Topic In Chemistry Students

The research’s objective to know students misconceptions on redox and electrochemistry concept, the sources of students misconceptions, to avoid misconception by students worksheet. involved 30 students was studied general chemistry in chemistry department, Islamic State University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan. Instrument of the research is diagnostic test with three tier question to know misconceptions on students, interview sheet to know sources of misconceptions. The result of research are (1) It was founded that students had misconceptions on redox and electrochemistry concept with percentage 52.6% .(2) It was founded 3 sources that affect students misconceptions on redox and electrochemistry, that are Students, have wrong interpreted from books and teacher, Internet that has many unbelievable sources, Friends that have wrong concept and sharing to other students.

Leadership Communication Model of the Executive Student Council of the Faculty of Social Sciences, State Islamic University of North Sumatra

This study aims to explore and analyze the leadership communication model implemented by the Student Executive Board (DEMA) of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU). This research is crucial as effective communication is key to strengthening leadership and enhancing the performance of student organizations in a dynamic academic environment. By understanding the dynamics of communication in the context of student leadership, it is hoped that recommendations can be found to improve leadership effectiveness and strengthen relationships between students and the academic community and broader society. The method used in this study is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with DEMA members, participatory observation in DEMA meetings and activities, and analysis of official documents such as meeting minutes and activity reports. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis to identify main themes, and data validity was examined through data triangulation, credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability techniques. The results show that the Leadership Communication Model of DEMA-FIS UINSU emphasizes openness, constructive feedback, and adaptability to situations and member needs. This model encompasses various critical aspects of leadership communication, including how leaders communicate, how messages are conveyed, and how they are received and understood by organization members. However, the model also faces challenges, including gaps between the vision conveyed by leaders and members' understanding and engagement, as well as challenges in achieving deep consensus or overcoming differing opinions that may arise. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of the leadership communication model applied in DEMA-FIS UINSU, and offers recommendations for further improvement and development in student leadership practices.

Non-state campaigning: Islamic State’s guerrilla warfare doctrine

ABSTRACT We trace the influences and evolution of Islamic State’s guerrilla warfare doctrine, how it fits into a larger insurgency strategy, and how its military leaders sequenced the employment of military forces in time and space to achieve operational and strategic effects in its patient and successful campaign to establish its so-called caliphate in 2014. Applying Mao’s three phases of guerrilla warfare, we used a database of Islamic State movement attack claims from 2008 to 2014 to determine the character and patterns of guerrilla tactics during each of these three phases. We found that the group maintained a disciplined and patient approach to achieving political consolidation, eschewing any reliance on popular uprising or conducting large-scale military operations. This knowledge better helps us understand both non-state campaigning and the identification of early warning indicators of insurgent success.

The Kurdish Predicament in US–Turkiye Relations

The United States' partnership with Syrian Kurdish groups has greatly complicated its interactions with Turkiye. While the US and Turkiye initially worked together to dislodge Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's regime, their interests diverged when countering the Islamic State (ISIS) became the main US concern and countering Kurdish autonomy Turkiye's chief aim. Over Turkish objections, the US trained and equipped Syrian Kurdish forces, which became the principal element of the Syrian Democratic Forces - the US-engineered umbrella group that was instrumental in ousting ISIS from its Syrian strongholds and continues to function as a deterrent, backstopped by a light US presence. The Turkish government would now prefer that the Assad regime re-establish its authority in northern Syria and extinguish Kurdish aspirations for autonomy. The US military presence in Syria prevents such an eventuality. If Syrian Kurds see an opportunity to advance Kurdish autonomy, tensions between the US and Turkiye in the region could significantly increase.

Linguistic Stylistics of Extremist Discourse in the Digital Realm: Analyzing ISIS's Rhetoric

This study delves into the linguistic characteristics within the structure of extremist discourse across social media platforms, focusing on a collection of speeches by the Islamic State organization (ISIS). The research aims to uncover the thought process and the underlying meanings that can be analyzed through what is known as the Stylistic Footprint. That is done by examining semantic and syntactic levels, identifying repetitions and intensifications of specific lexical units, and considering their use of rhetorical tools and strategies grounded in their linguistic repertoire—which encompasses connotations and phonetic rhythms, or their deliberate choices in the structure of syntactic relation networks including stylistic deviations from the standard expression level.The findings of this analysis highlight that exploring the extremist thought structure embodied in linguistic discourse is a crucial aspect of criminal investigations. It aids in identifying warning signals that precede or potentially predict acts of violence in some instances. Furthermore, it contributes to developing more convincing counter-narratives to combat extremist discourse by studying the stylistic features of the extremist language.

Future security threats arising from the UK’s deprivation of citizenship: a model to understand the human rights-security risk landscape

ABSTRACT Following the collapse of the Islamic State, the issue of “Returning Foreign Fighters” became a dominant global problem. The securitised response adopted by many states is a cause for concern, particularly in relation to human rights. Men, women and children with a range of physical and psychological trauma are now situated in camps across northeastern Syria, posing a complex security threat. The situation in these camps is far from secure, and the risk of radicalisation and indoctrination (among the children in particular) is high. Through the development of a model of risk analysis which emphasises both security risks and human rights risks, this paper presents an innovative exploration of the phenomenon of women and children associated with ISIS in north-east Syria. The impact of this study is wide-reaching and is intended to provide a foundation for resolving the heightened security threat these individuals pose in the medium and long terms.

Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) Versus Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah): A Contestation Over Interpretation of Islam in Malaysian Politics

This study analysed contending views over interpretation of Islam in politics between two major Malaysian Islamist political parties; Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) and Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH), and how the differing discourses taken were reflected electorally. It explored the historical dynamics of conservatism and progressivism within PAS, and by extension AMANAH as its splinter party. Primary and secondary documentation analysis was conducted on resources ranging from writings and speeches of respective party figures, official documents and extensive literatures written on the subject. The research concluded firstly, a preference over Malay communalistic ideas in PAS was the main factor that led to the systematic elimination of AMANAH. Secondly, while PAS has a long historical root centred upon creation of Islamic state, implementation of hudud, and exclusivist attitude towards others, AMANAH views Islam from the higher objectives of syariah that emphasizes good governance, justice, and inclusivity regardless of religious and ethnic differences. Thirdly, a mutual contestation existed, id est not only AMANAH challenged the conservative Islamist narrative of PAS, PAS also challenged the progressive Islamist narrative of AMANAH. Finally, electoral contestation between PAS and AMANAH shown that AMANAH managed to edge over PAS in 14th General Election (GE14). However, PAS capitalized on ethnic sentiments to gain unprecedented electoral success in 15th General Election (GE15). While this research was limited to existing data in the field, future studies could utilize quantitative methods to explore how electorates on the ground grasp respective parties’ ideas and contestation.

The Contribution of the Islamic Civilization Course to the Islamic Insight of Sharia Accounting Students at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

<em>Islamic Civilization is one of the courses taught in the Sharia Accounting study program. The objectives of this study are to determine the contribution of Islamic civilization courses in providing in-depth understanding and its contribution to the Islamic insights of Islamic Accounting students. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of this research indicated that the Islamic civilization course provided a significant contribution to the Islamic insight of Sharia Accounting students. Through this course, students gain an understanding of the history and development of Islamic civilization, the values contained therein, and the contributions of Islamic Civilization in various fields of life from time to time. With the understanding that has been obtained, students can become more competent and qualified and have a high awareness of Islamic values.</em>

Employee Performance: The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Work-Life Balance and Technostress (Case Study of Non-PNS Employees)

Human resources are very important for the success of an organization, with good management will have a significant impact on employee performance, organizational commitment, work-life balance, and technostress, as evidenced by various studies and practical examples in educational institutions and government agencies. Researchers are interested in discussing and seeing how much influence Organizational Commitment, Work-Life Balance, and Technostress have on non-PNS employees at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta and Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta. This study uses quantitative research methodology to see the influence of Organizational Commitment, Work-Life Balance, and Technostress variables on non-PNS employees. Construct validity testing on each item is needed to conduct this study. Researchers use CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the Lisrel 8.7 application. After that, data analysis techniques are used to determine the effect of Organizational Commitment, Work-Life Balance, and Technostress on non-PNS employees at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta and Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta. This data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis using the SPSS application. The results of this study produce a total contribution of the influence of all independent variables on the dependent variable, which is 16.8%. In comparison, the remaining 83.2% is influenced by other variables from this study.

A Critical Overview of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)’s Origin, Goals, and Its Fall through the US and Allied Forces

The origins of ISIS were traced to the Arab Spring that created instability in the Middle East. This instability was exacerbated by the American-led coalition's invasion of Iraq in 2003, prompted by the 9/11 attacks. The paper aims to have an overview of the origin and goals of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the strategies employed by the U.S. and Allied Forces to make ISIS fall. A systematic literature review approach was adopted to review the selected literature. ISIS was formed out of various militant groups in the country whose goal is to establish an Islamic caliphate governed by strict Sharia law. The goal of ISIS was to establish an Islamic caliphate in Iraq, Syria, and beyond with a caliph as the leader of the territories, thereby eradicating state borders and governments they deemed to be illegitimate. This caliphate is to be governed by strict Sharia law. This analysis delves into the strategies used by the US-led coalition to reclaim territories from ISIS. These strategies include military strategies, economic strategies, political strategies, and social strategies. It was, therefore, recommended that to combat ISIS's ideology effectively, the United States may need to collaborate more with Muslim clerics all over the world to promote interpretations of the Quran that counter radicalization in Islam.

“I Don't Have to Do That Anymore Because I Got Therapy”: Recuperated Veterans and the Complexity of Mental Health Discourse at the End of the Forever War

Memorial Day 2023 was a significant moment in twenty-first-century U.S. military history. Although U.S. service members remained deployed around the world and Operation Inherent Resolve continues to target the Islamic State (in April 2023, the U.S. military and its partners executed thirty-five missions against ISIS in Iraq and Syria alone), this year's celebrations came six weeks after the U.S. Senate repealed the two-decade-old Authorization for the Use of Military Force that had made possible the 2003 invasion of Iraq.1 It was also only the second Memorial Day since U.S. troops left Afghanistan, abruptly and somewhat disastrously, in August 2021. As a result, the holiday was arguably the first in which the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan could be understood as having transitioned from “current events” to events whose legacies Americans were beginning to imagine and define.

Paradigm of Religious Moderation in Curriculum Design for Islamic Religious Education at State Islamic Senior High School of Bangka Belitung

The results of several observations regarding the religious tolerance attitudes of students in Bangka Belitung are pretty worrying, even though some tend to be radical. This research explores the paradigm of religious moderation in the Islamic religious education curriculum at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bangka Belitung. This research explores qualitatively the application of religious moderation in the curriculum of Islamic religious education material. Research data was taken from the MAN Pangkal Pinang and MAN 1 Muntok curriculum documents. Researchers also surveyed by distributing questionnaires to 346 students from the two schools. The research results show that the content of religious moderation has been integrated into the Islamic religious education curriculum, both in Jurisprudence, History of Islamic Culture, Al-Qur'an Hadith, and Aqidah Akhlak. However, the tendency towards a radical and robust understanding of Islam is still strong. It is evident from the survey results, namely 55.4% of respondents from MAN Pangkal Pinang and 53% of respondents from MAN 1 Muntok stated that adhering to the Pancasila ideology is more important. Almost half of the students do not agree that Pancasila should be made the state ideology. This phenomenon must receive serious attention from the government so that they comply with the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia. Hasil beberapa pengamatan terhadap sikap toleransi beragama para siswa di Bangka Belitung cukup memprihatinkan, bahkan di antaranya cenderung radikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi paradigma moderasi beragama dalam kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini mencoba menelusuri secara kualitatif penerapan moderasi beragama dalam kurikulum materi pendidikan gama Islam. Data penelitian diambil dari dokumen kurikulum MAN Pangkal Pinang dan MAN 1 Muntok. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan survey dengan menyebarkan angket terhadap 281 siswa dari kedua sekolah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa muatan moderasi beragama sebenarnya telah diterapkan secara terintegrasi dalam kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam, baik dalam mata Pelajaran Fikih, Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam, Al-Qur’an Hadis, maupun Akidah Akhlak. Akan tetapi, kecenderungan terhadap pemahaman Islam secara radikal dan kuat masih kuat. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil survey, yakni 55, 4% responden dari MAN Pangkal Pinang dan 53% responden dari MAN 1 Muntok menyatakan bahwa berpegang teguh ideologi Pancasila lebih utama. Artinya, hampir separuh dari siswa tidak setuju kalua Pancasila dijadikan ideologi negara. Fenomen ini harus mendapat perhatian serius dari pemerintah agar mereka taat pada aturan perundang-undangan Republik Indonesia.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC STATE (IS) THREATS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: CASE STUDY OF TERRORISM NETWORK IN SOUTHERN THAILAND, MALAYSIA, SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA: A FRAMEWORK FOR A FURTHER RESEARCH

The development of the Islamic State in the Southeast Asian region focused on the countries or sub-regions with aMuslim majority,such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Southern Philippines, and Southern Thailand.Specificimpacts had showntheir effective networking movement around the region.This study aims to provide a risk analysis and development of Southeast Asia's Islamic State (IS).This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches with the Borda, TOPSISand Risk Matrix methods.Preliminary findings of the qualitative method have shownthat the respective area of research hasa severeproblem due to IS threats based on priority,namely,the southern Philippines, Indonesia, southern Thailand, and Malaysiarespectively.Further research and findings based on a quantitative approach will indicate and confirmthe threat’s seriousness.A transparent organisationand management modelat the regional level to curb and control IS,and other terrorism threats should be established.It is necessary to upgrade and enhance operational and intelligence efforts todefeat the IS in the region.

MUHAMMAD ASAD'S DESIGN OF AN ISLAMIC STATE IN POST-COLONIAL PAKISTAN

The paper aims to highlight Muhammad Asad’s epistemological postulate on Islamic politics as reflected in his works on Islamic state. It seeks to address these fundamental problems: what is the legal basis that support and establish Asad’s position of founding an Islamic state? and how could this idea fairly accommodates with the prevailing notion of nation state in post-colonial context. Thus, the study set forth to find the answers based on such range of objectives: to analyse the underlying ideas of Islamic state as advocated in the classical sources, to define the basic constitutional framework as developed by Asad in the context of historical Pakistan, to estimate the implication of implementing Islamic law and its impact on the global politics and its compatibility with international law. In this regards, Asad had formulated the constitutional ideas of Islamic state whose constitution contains the provision of Islamic law that practiced and implemented the norms stated in the Divine Writ. This ideas was partly enshrined in the Pakistan constitutional law whose political establishment was formed in 1947. The paper essentially discussed Muhammad Asad’s political ideas and its underlying philosophy as espoused in his works. The study conducted based on qualitative approaches of the type of library research. The data were analysed by way of descriptive, analytical and comparative technique. The finding shows that Muhammad Asad had formulated comprehensive theoretical framework of legal aspect of Islamic governance drawn up from the fundamental principle and doctrine of the shariah, and its moral norms deriving from the explicit Qur’anic and sunnah text, while also advocating democratic ideals and principles based on conventional practice and requirement of modern context of nation state. Based on this main finding, it is concluded that Islamic teaching and its spiritual norms were compatible with democratic ideal and values of human right, participatory and constitutional government as implemented in the democratic space of Pakistan.

Islamic Radicalisation in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Political Islamism in Bangladesh

Islamism in the modern world is clearly portrayed as a notion of religious extremism. Bangladesh on the other hand as a young developing nation finds its root into two different branches of ideology: Bengali cultural and Muslim ideology. The militant groups in Bangladesh have been found active recently specially after 2015 when international media spotted Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) and the Islamic State’s (IS) presence in the country. This study, however, aims at understanding the Islamic radicalisation in Bangladesh through the analysis of Islamist political and non-political groups’ functions and propaganda. In this article the ideas of Islamic radicalisation, mutations and role and function of Islamist militant as well as political group have been discussed. The role of Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing in the radicalisation have been discussed. The disputed relationship of Jamaat and the radical extremists as well as ban on their politics have created a complex scenario in Bangladesh. The political polarisation and politicising of counter terrorism effort have weakened the government’s effort to tackle radical organisation. Honest and tolerant political intervention by welcoming different views regarding the solution of the radicalisation problem can help address it effectively.

Evasive countermeasures: Boko Haram’s influence operations in the Lake Chad Basin region

Since its emergence, the insurgency group, Boko Haram has continued to wreak havoc on local communities in Northeast Nigeria and across the Lake Chad Basin region together with its offshoot, the Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP). This has led to the death of several people and the displacement of many others. While affected states in the troubled region have mostly responded through kinetic operations, the activities of both groups have continued unabated. These activities have mostly been achieved via attempts to exert influence in communities with little or minimal state authority. Previous studies have focused on the origins, causes, attacks, and consequences of the activities of the violent extremist group, yet its influence operations particularly in contested territories remain under-examined. This qualitative study foregrounds the need to close this gap using descriptive analysis. Countering Boko Haram and ISWAP’s influence operations in the Lake Chad Basin region remains the key to winning the “soft” war which is necessary to ultimately degrade, dismantle, and defeat these insurgency groups in the region.

The Islamic State and Thomas Hobbes: Views on the State, Law, and the Role of Religion

Abstract. This article explains the concept of an Islamic state from the perspective of Thomas Hobbes' book Leviathan. Although Hobbes does not explicitly discuss the Islamic state, the basic principles of his theory of the absolute state, natural law, and the role of religion in a state provide a framework that can be used to explain the basic principles of the Islamic state. This article uses a qualitative approach with textual analysis methods on Hobbes' major work, Leviathan, as well as relevant literature on the concept of an Islamic state. Based on critical and interpretive readings of the text, this paper identifies and analyses the main themes related to absolute power and the role of religion in governance according to Hobbes. This analysis highlights how a state applying Islamic law (Sharia) can be compared to the concept of the state from a Hobbesian perspective, particularly in terms of absolute power and religious regulation to maintain order and peace. This article also discusses the relevance of Hobbes' natural law in the context of Islamic law and how the principles of universal justice and morality are applied. The findings of this article show that although there are fundamental differences in the sources of legitimacy and the role of religion, the basic principles of Hobbes' theory remain relevant in understanding the dynamics that occur in Islamic states, particularly in the modern world.Keywords: Islamic State, Thommas Hobbes, Islamic Sharia, Power and Authority.Abstrak. Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep negara Islam dalam perspektif Thomas Hobbes melalui buku Leviathan. Meskipun Hobbes tidak secara eksplisit membahas negara Islam dalam bukunya, namun prinsip dasar teorinya tentang negara absolut, hukum alam, dan peran agama dalam suatu negara memberikan kerangka yang dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengertian negara Islam. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis tekstual terhadap karya utama Hobbes, Leviathan, serta literatur yang relevan mengenai konsep negara Islam. Berdasarkan pembacaan teks secara kritis dan interpretatif, tulisan ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tema-tema utama terkait kekuasaan absolut dan peran agama dalam pemerintahan menurut Hobbes. Analisis ini menyoroti bagaimana negara yang menerapkan hukum Islam (syariah) dapat dibandingkan dengan konsep negara dalam perspektif Hobbesian, khususnya dalam hal kekuasaan absolut dan peraturan agama untuk menjaga ketertiban dan perdamaian. Artikel ini juga membahas relevansi hukum alam ala Hobbes dalam konteks hukum Islam dan bagaimana prinsip keadilan dan moralitas universal diterapkan. Hasil artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbedaan mendasar dalam sumber legitimasi dan peran agama, namun prinsip dasar teori Hobbes tetap relevan dalam memahami dinamika yang terjadi di negara-negara Islam, khususnya di dunia modern.Kata Kunci: Negara Islam, Thommas Hobbes, Hukum Syariah, Kekuasaan dan Otoritas.