Islamic Consultative Assembly Research Articles

Drivers of vulnerability to medicine smuggling and combat strategies: a qualitative study based on online news media analysis in Iran

BackgroundMedicine smuggling poses a serious public health threat, limiting patients’ safe and timely access to this essential resource. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors contributing to the vulnerability to medicine smuggling and propose effective strategies to combat this issue in Iran.MethodsAn analysis of news media was conducted using qualitative content analysis. News text items related to medicine smuggling were retrieved from various online news sources between March 21, 2017, and May 21, 2023. To select health-oriented and general online news stations, news agencies, and newspapers, the purposeful sampling method with a maximum variation strategy was used. The selected sources included Mehr News Agency, Khabar Online, Islamic Consultative Assembly News Agency (ICANA), Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA), Hamshahri, Donya-e-Eqtesad newspapers, Webda, Sepid Online, and Iran’s Food and Drug Administration News Agency (IFDANA). All data coding was manually done using Microsoft Excel software version 2016.ResultsA total of 277 news articles were found to meet the established criteria for inclusion. The analysis revealed four main themes, each with several sub-themes, that shed light on the factors that drive vulnerability and the strategies to combat medicine smuggling. These themes are the economic environment, government and stewardship, information technology systems, and socio-cultural factors. The economic environment emerged as the most significant theme, encompassing medicine selection, reimbursement, and procurement, all of which affect the smuggling of pharmaceuticals in Iran.ConclusionTo combat medicine smuggling, it is important to adjust policies based on the identified vulnerabilities. Effective strategies to reverse pharmaceutical smuggling include capacity building of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, implementing regulated and enhanced supervisory and rulemaking policies, strengthening health insurance, improving e-infrastructure, and increasing public awareness through collaborative approaches involving various stakeholders within and outside the health system.

Supporting victimized children in Iran's legislative criminal policy

In today's society, children have a special place and it is no longer the case that the child is considered a family property rather, the child is an individual with his or her own personality and social status and the rights that society has for him / her. But what matters is whether the rights in our society are sufficient for children and just by telling them can it stabilize the child's position within society and save him from any attack? What should be accepted without question is that the answer is no. Because children need special rights and special protections because of their age and physical and intellectual weakness and if there is no executive guarantee to protect them, of course, not only will these rights not be respected, but they will also be violated and children who are more vulnerable than others suffer a lot. What this research specifically focuses on, a comprehensive review of child and adolescent protection law whereas , in accordance with the international obligations our country has committed to and adhered to in compliance with the convention on the rights of the child in 2000, it was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2003. In fact, the author's attempt has been to under the pretext of reviewing and evaluating the aforementioned law, evading the existing penal regulations regarding the protection of children and adolescents in the Iranian penal system and thereby evaluate the weaknesses of the aforementioned laws and thus help the legislator to develop and enforce laws protecting certain vulnerable groups such as children.

The Masterpiece of Righteous in the Statement of Originals of religion By : Najm Al-Din khidr bim Muhammad Al-Hablrudi

Aleher Compiled by the jurist Najim al. Din Khader ibnMuhammad al.Din Khader ibn Muhammad al. Habrudi that hasAH. He dealt with the origins of belief at the 888 finished writing inforefront, and urges a set of purposes, namely monotheism justiceprophecy. The Imamate and hostile. That any adult person Should.Know themThe inuestiator relied on a unique manuseript ib the library of1117 Islamic Consultative Assembly in a group of leHers Copied ib.AH. and Corrected som of mistaKes of the transcriber

Designing a model of requirements for fulfilling the oversight role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly on the annual budget of the country

Designing a model of requirements for fulfilling the oversight role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly on the annual budget of the country

Agenda-setting of tobacco control policy in Iran: a retrospective policy analysis study

BackgroundThe prevalence of tobacco use, especially hookah, has increased in Iran In recent years, particularly among young people and women, and the age of onset of use has decreased. Tobacco use is the fourth leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Iran. These issues cause concerns in the country and led to the present study on tobacco control agenda-setting in Iran over a 30-year timeframe.MethodsWe conducted this retrospective analytical study to investigate process analysis in Iran using Kingdon’s multiple-streams framework (MSF). We collected the data using semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 36) and reviewing policy documents (n > 100). Then, we analyzed the policy documents and in-depth interviews using the document and framework analysis method. We used MAXQDA 11 software to classify and analyze the data.ResultsIran’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) opened a window of opportunity for tobacco control. The policy window opens when all three streams have already been developed. The adoption of the comprehensive law on the national control and campaign against tobacco in the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2006 is a turning point in tobacco control activities in Iran.ConclusionsThe tobacco control agenda-setting process in Iran was broadly consistent with MSF. The FCTC strengthened the comprehensive plan for national control of tobacco as a policy stream. However, there are several challenges in developing effective policies for tobacco control in the Iranian setting.

Studying and explaining the managerial style of Hazrat Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei in the case of the core of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (the Supreme Leader) in the dispute over the Islamic Republic of Iran's peaceful nuclear program and the long-term diplomatic engagement with the West, which eventually led to the formation of the so-called Borjam nuclear deal. They played an effective and decisive leadership role. The present study seeks to answer the main question, on what basis did the Supreme Leader of the Revolution manage the conflict over Iran's nuclear program and the processes leading to the nuclear deal - Borjam - and the so-called post-Borjam period? The hypothesis that has been tested in answer to this question is that His Holiness has guided the above process by combining the two models of hard leadership and soft leadership in the form of a new model of intelligent leadership style. He has implemented this process in two ways: institutional-structural (hard) and non-institutional (soft). The findings of the article show that institutional-structural management has been implemented through the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Supreme National Security Council, the formation of the Borjam Supervision Team, and military institutions. The non-institutional management model also emphasizes the fundamental role of the people, avoiding excesses in the UN Security Council, clarifying the nature of the other side, encouraging negotiations, inviting national unity, emphasizing the need to fully lift sanctions, adopting strategic rationality and Ongoing monitoring of the other side's movements, resolving internal strategic weaknesses, determining the mission of the government and the negotiating team, and requiring the continuation of the nuclear industry have been implemented.

Identifying the components of government policy based on the role of pressure groups in Iran

This research aims at identifying the government political components based on the role of pressure groups in Iran using qualitative methods. The methodology of this research was grounded theory and interview tool. The statistical sample in this research was experts including 22 individuals who are the present and periodic representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran. This research was conducted in 3 coding processes of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. According to the obtained results from this research, 71 codes were identified by interviewers which were classified in 6 grounded theory networks including axial issue, casual condition, contextual condition, intervening condition, policies, and consequences. Finally, the obtained results were validated.

An Analysis on the Feasibility Study of the Comparison Between Article 68 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 5 of the Election Law on the Suspension of Presidential Elections

The ultimate goal of this analytical study is to assess the analogy between Article 68 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Article 5 of the Election Law on the suspension of presidential elections. The reason for the ruling in Article 68 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran cannot be extended to Article 5 of the Presidential Law to use the analogy. First, because the reason for the ruling in Article 68 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the suspension of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections during the war and military occupation with the President's proposal and the Guardian Council's approval. Secondly, there is no such necessity for holding presidential elections in force majeure time, and the Constitution has provided for the sponsorship of the presidency if the presidential election is not held. Thirdly, assuming that impossibly to cite it, one of its basic conditions, the president's proposal, is missing because his term is over. On the other hand, in Article 5 of the Islamic Republic of iran Law and Article 7 of the Guardian Council; according to Article 68 of the Constitution, the election is suspended and annulled with the approval of the Guardian Council. These two articles do not have any conflict with each other and each of them is applicable in its place, but the approval of the Guardian Council to stop the presidential election in case of force majeure has priority under certain conditions.

Supporting Victimized Children in Iran's Legislative Criminal Policy

In today's society, children have a special place and it is no longer the case that the child is considered a family property rather, the child is an individual with his or her own personality and social status and the rights that society has for him / her. But what matters is whether the rights in our society are sufficient for children and just by telling them can it stabilize the child's position within society and save him from any attack? What should be accepted without question is that the answer is no. Because children need special rights and special protections because of their age and physical and intellectual weakness and if there is no executive guarantee to protect them, of course, not only will these rights not be respected, but they will also be violated and children who are more vulnerable than others suffer a lot. What this research specifically focuses on, a comprehensive review of child and adolescent protection law whereas , in accordance with the international obligations our country has committed to and adhered to in compliance with the convention on the rights of the child in 2000, it was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2003. In fact, the author's attempt has been to under the pretext of reviewing and evaluating the aforementioned law, evading the existing penal regulations regarding the protection of children and adolescents in the Iranian penal system and thereby evaluate the weaknesses of the aforementioned laws and thus help the legislator to develop and enforce laws protecting certain vulnerable groups such as children.

Islamic Consultative Assembly and the Issue of Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait (August 2, 1990-February 28, 1991)

مجلس شورای اسلامی به‌واسطه قانون اساسی، دارای برخی اختیارات در سیاست خارجی کشور است. بنابراین مجلس می‌تواند در کنار نهادهایی چون رهبری، شورای عالی امنیت ملی و دولت در سیاست خارجی تأثیرگذار باشد. یکی از مهم‌ترین رخدادهای سیاسی که پس از پایان جنگ ایران و عراق، کشور و بخصوص مجلس را درگیر جریانات خود نمود، حمله عراق به کویت در 2 اوت 1990/ 11مرداد 1369 است. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع برآنیم به نقش و رویکرد مجلس شورای اسلامی در این زمینه بپردازیم و به این پرسش پاسخ دهیم که مجلس چه تأثیری در نحوه تصمیم‌گیری ایران در قبال جنگ بر عهده داشته است؟ در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده است تا با رویکردی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی، مواضع مجلس در این خصوص مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. یافته‌ها حکایت از آن دارد که وجود نهادهایی چون شورای عالی امنیت ملی و دولت با اختیارات ویژه در سیاست خارجی، تخصصی بودن مسائل سیاسی و قلت نیروهای کارآزموده و کندی روال تصمیم‌گیری در مجلس به واسطه ویژگی‌های ساختاری و همچنین انفصال بین مجلس و دولت در بررسی موضوع، منجر به عدم تأثیرگذاری جدی مجلس گردید.

THE SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE OF PARLIAMENTARY FRIENDSHIP GROUP AND ITS POSITION IN PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY

On one hand, this study has considered the theoretical foundations of foreign policy and parliamentary relations and introduction of new effect of parliamentary relations and the solutions to enhance and improve that at the political world using juridical-legal regulations. This study can be considered as a fundamental research to increase the information in theoretical field of jurisprudence and law, international relations and familiarity with this important concept in 21st century. On the other hand, because of investigating the issue of enhancement of parliamentary relations in field of politics in general form and the interaction of Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament) with international and regional parliamentary assemblies in special form and presentation of suggestions to enhance the interactions using juridical-legal regulations; this study can be considered as an applied research. In this study, the specialized knowledge and executive insight is improved from different aspects in field of theoretical (fundamental) and academic (applied) dimensions.

LEGISLATIVE RESTRICTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY DUE TO THE LEGISLATIVE JURISDICTION OF OTHER AUTHORITIES IN THE PROCEDURE OF THE GUARDIAN COUNCIL

Purposes: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in accordance with Article 71, legislation is the responsibility of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and has general jurisdiction which does not mean that the Islamic Consultative Assembly has no restrictions on legislation, but has limitations in terms of the various Constitutional principles including, the exclusive and particular jurisdiction of other authorities to legislate the law. The Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot legislate in the jurisdiction of these institutions. In the Constitution, a series of authorities have got the right to legislate.
 Methodology: Using an analytical descriptive method, the present article seeks to examine the question of what are the legislative constraints of the Islamic Republic Consultative Assembly in the Guardian Council's procedure.
 Results: In the procedure of the Guardian Council, other authorities, such as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership, the Expediency Discernment Council of the system, the Supreme National Security Council, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, etc. have found the right to legislate. In other words, this general jurisdiction has been assigned in a way.
 Implications/Applications: The application of this study is to introduce the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The exercise of this jurisdiction by the Islamic Consultative Assembly has a framework that cannot be explained except by referring to the Constitutional principles
 Novelty/Originality: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the nature and type of government and the particular aspirations pursued, other legislative authorities include the Assembly of Experts, the Expediency Council, the Supreme National Security Council. It is accepted that by referring to the views of the Guardian Council as the Constitutional body, they have protected them in cases where the jurisdiction of these authorities has been invaded.

A combined Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Risk Assessment Model Based on PMBOK Project Management Guide; a Case Study: Development Plan of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran

A combined Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Risk Assessment Model Based on PMBOK Project Management Guide; a Case Study: Development Plan of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran

The Ratification and Status of the International Treaties in the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

After the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, fundamental changes occurred in Iran’s political and legal system. Pursuant the referendum on creating the Islamic Republic in March 1979, the new constitution came into force in the same year and many of the ordinary laws of the country were also reformed. The purpose of this study is to consider the method of ratification of international treaties and the status of these instruments in the legal system of Iran. Firstly, the stages of the ratification of treaties in Iran's legal system have been explained. Secondly, the position of treaties among the other laws is discussed. This study concludes that, the international treaties, like ordinary laws, primarily should be passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly; and after the approval of the Guardian Council, they should be signed by the President. Under the Constitution of Iran all international treaties should all be ratified by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament) and the Guardian Council; however, based on the interpretations of the Guardian Council and the executive procedures, some treaties have been excluded from the ratification of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. International treaties may enjoy a higher position than that of the ordinary law through an objective interpretation, although they have been recognized as ordinary laws by the Article 9 of the Civil Code of Iran.

A Pathological Study on Legal Status of Supreme Councils in the Islamic Republic of Iran

The multiplicity of institutions prescribing behavioral rules is one of the law-based orders in Iran. Although the Iranian Constitution is legislated at Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis) and the validity of its decisions are bound to approval from the Council of Guardians, the same law has established those institutions assigning that authority. One instance of such institutions is the Supreme National Security Council whose decisions are applicable after approval from by the Supreme Leader. The Supreme Administrative Council and the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution are other instance of such institutions. Undoubtedly, this multiplicity threatens the establishment of order under law. Therefore, it is necessary to outline the status of approvals by each of those bodies in the hierarchy of legal sources in order to mitigate the scope of threat. This paper intended to describe the supreme councils from that very perspective, making an effort to assess the relationships between those institutions and the governing branches in the country and examining their status in the Iranian administrative system.

Consequences, Necessities and Advantages of Iran’ Accession to the Statute of International Criminal Court

The existing conflicts between approval of Rome Statute by Islamic Consultative Assembly along with joining the International Criminal Court and national interests and some of Islamic laws and regulations, has always been a controversial issue among scholars of law community of Iran because of the establishment of International Criminal Court and signed the Rome Statute by Islamic Republic of Iran. Many believe that accession to the International Criminal Court and its approval by parliament is inconsistent with national interests and sovereignty and also would bring negative consequences to the country. Contrary to this view, it is believed that provisions of the Rome Statute are not inconsistent with Islamic and domestic regulations and this accession can bring positive outcomes and international interests to Iran. In this way, national power and sovereignty of country would be reinforced at international level. The present study has investigated positive consequences and advantages of Iran’s accession to the Rome Statute.

Mechanisms to facilitate citizen participation in public policy making

This study aimed to identify mechanisms to facilitate citizen participation in public policy making in Islamic Parliament of Iran. After conducting a thorough review of the research literature and extracting the Arnstein ladder of participation, the current level of citizens' participation in public policy making, first from the Islamic Consultative Assembly representatives' and next from citizens' viewpoint, was considered. The results showed the current level of public participation in public policy making. Then a few interviews with the university professors and the Islamic Parliament representatives were held to identify mechanisms to facilitate citizen participation in public policy making based on the current level of participation. The data were analysed using theme analysis and then ten mechanisms were extracted. Finally, the mechanisms were prioritised using TOPSIS technique in terms of effectiveness and efficiency and the final model was extracted. Based on findings, three most important solutions are respectively 'broadcasting participation educational programs', 'electronic participation' and 'forming factions as their roles are absolutely obvious'.

Participation of Women in Sociopolitical Development in Iran

Participation of women in sociopolitical development is regarded as remarkable index in sustainable development of society. The present article has studied women participation in process of sociopolitical development during 30-year period of Islamic Revolution. Main research question is: how is participation of the women in process of sociopolitical development of Islamic Revolution? What opportunities and barriers do we face in sociopolitical participation of women in Iran? What is perspective of the women participation in Iran? The present research is combination of quantity studies (survey) and quality method based on interview which has been done in data analysis with use of secondary analysis technique. The data of citizens, authorities and statistical references of Ministry of the Interior, Iran Statistics Center , and Islamic Consultative Assembly of the city was gathered and analyzed. Research finding shows that attendance and participation of women in management ranks especially middle and micro management has been more considerable. Entrance of women in high organizational ranks faces social, political, cultural, and customary and taste barriers. Although the number of female experts in society and manpower has increased, their progress in decision making and policy making jobs has not been considerable. Research shows that future management requires more and efficient use of potential female power in management major level of society. Participation of women in management shall be done voluntarily and purposefully. The planners firstly shall emphasize on mental participation and change in beliefs and tendencies of women. Participatory behavior shall be done in two parts. In the first stage, effective factors of women participation shall be considered and in the second stage, participation in executed plans and programs shall be preserved. Increasing participation of women and determining their participatory strategies in social-cultural fields can increase efficiency and productivity of management in the country. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences March 2014, Vol. 4, No. 3

A Study of the Overlapping of Acts of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution with Those of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Executive Branch and Expediency Council

شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی یکی از نهادهای حقوقی کشور است که بنا بر حکم ولی فقیه قادر است به وضع مصوبه در مسائل مرتبط با مقوله فرهنگ بپردازد. این اختیار، تداخل مصوبات این نهاد را با مصوبات دیگر دستگاه‌ها موجب می‌شود. در تحقیق پیش‌رو با استناد به قانون اساسی و قواعد حقوقی به بحث و بررسی پیرامون تداخل و تعارض مصوبات و تصمیمات مجلس شورای اسلامی، قوه مجریه و مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام با شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی پرداخته شده و با در نظر گرفتن این نکته که شورا حق سیاست‌گذاری در امور فرهنگی را دارد، نتیجه گرفته شده که مصوبات شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی به‌شرط رعایت محدودۀ اختیارات خود، برتر از سه دستگاه دیگر است و مجلس، دولت و مجمع، حق تصویب مصوبه‌ای معارض با مصوبات قانونی شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی را ندارند. البته، آن دسته از مصوبات مجمع که مطابق با بند 8 اصل 110 تصویب می‌شود، از این قاعده مستثناست.

The 1997 Iranian International Commercial Arbitration Law: The UNCITRAL Model Law a L'Iranienne

> Could you and I with Fate conspire > > To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire > > Would not we shatter it to bits – and then > > Remould it nearer to the Heart's Desire! THE ISLAMIC Republic of Iran (‘Iran’)has adopted legislation on international arbitration entitled ‘Law on International Commercial Arbitration’ (LICA). The LICA was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly – the Iranian Parliament – on 17 September 1997, and ratified by the Guardians Council2 on 1 October 1997. The LICA entered into force on 5 November 1997 – 15 days after its publication in the Iranian official Gazette .3 Iranian authorities claim that the LICA closely follows the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (‘Model Law’), and provides Iran with a modern international arbitration legal framework. Study of the history and the evolution of arbitration in Iran, as well as an analysis of the LICA, however, demonstrates that the LICA – while considerably enhancing Iran's arbitral regime – contains major shortcomings, which (i) place the LICA below ‘international standards’ and (ii) should be remedied through amendments to the LICA and ratification of major international arbitration conventions. > If ye fear a breach > > Between those twain [husband and wife] > > Appoint [two] arbiters > > One from his family, > > And the other from hers; > > If they wish for peace. > > Allah will make them of one mind … > > [Koran, IV, 35] > O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and > > obey the messenger and those of you > > who are in authority; and if ye have > > a dispute concerning any matter, > > refer it to Allah and the messenger > > if ye are believers in Allah and the > > last dav. This is better … > > [Koran, IV, 59 ] As the above citations from the Koran demonstrate, alternative dispute settlement mechanisms to court litigation are deeply rooted in Islam …