Islamic Calendar Research Articles

The Tradition of Saparan in Yeh Sumbul Village, Jembrana, Bali

The Saparan Tradition in Yeh Sumbul Village, Jembrana, Bali, is seen as a manifestation of local wisdom that reflects the balance of relationships between humans and God, fellow humans, and nature. This study investigates this tradition. This tradition is carried out every Sapar month in the Islamic calendar as a way to express gratitude to God and ask for people to be protected from disasters. With strong moral, spiritual, and social values, the Saparan Tradition includes various activities, such as parties, tahlilan, and religious rituals. This tradition is closely related to the idea of Tri Hita Karana, a Balinese philosophical concept that emphasizes harmony between humans and God (Parhyangan), fellow humans (Pawongan), and nature (Palemahan). To understand how the Saparan Tradition reflects the relationship between humans and God, fellow humans, and the environment, this study analyzes data from observations, interviews, and documentation. The study shows that the Yeh Sumbul Saparan Tradition enhances spirituality, solidarity, and love for ancestral culture as well as maintaining social and ecological balance. Local cultural values continue to be passed down from one generation to the next, and the younger generation plays an important role in preserving this tradition. This study enhances our understanding of the value of local traditions as a profound and relevant cultural heritage in the contemporary wo

PERAMALAN HARGA GULA PASIR MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI KALENDER REGARIMA DENGAN MOVING HOLIDAY EFFECT (PERIODE JANUARI 2018 SAMPAI DENGAN DESEMBER 2022 DI PASAR KOTA SEMARANG)

National sugar production is decreasing day by day with the pattern of people's consumption of sugar continuing to increase, thus encouraging the government to import sugar from other countries to meet food needs. This is because the import of granulated sugar causes the price of local granulated sugar to fluctuate which can rise up to 2 times the highest retail price. Eid al-Fitr is determined based on the Islamic calendar, this will cause a shift in the date each year on the Maseh calendar, the date of the celebration of Eid al-Fitr which moves from year to year is known as the "moving holiday effect". One of the calendar variation models used to eliminate the Holiday Effect Transfer and has a simple processing flow is the RegARIMA model. The RegARIMA model method is a modeling technique that combines the ARIMA model with the regression model. In the regression model, the weight matrix is used as the independent variable and the price of granulated sugar is used as the dependent variable. The weight value is obtained based on the number of days that affect Eid, which is 14 days. Based on an analysis of the price of granulated sugar in the Semarang City market for the period January 2018 to December 2022, the best model is obtained, namely SARIMA (1,0,0)12 with the smallest AIC value and the sMAPE value obtained from forecasting data for 2021 is of 19.04%, which means that the forecasting is still at a reasonable level.

Tourists' Intention to Visit Royal Cemetery as a Dark Tourism Destination: The Role of Destination Image, Self-Congruence, and Destination Personality

This study seeks to investigate the effect of destination image, self-congruence, and destination personality on the visitors' intentions to visit the Imogiri Royal Cemetery, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The cemetery is considered a historical and cultural place wherein a few kings and sultans who once ruled Java lie buried. Thousands of tourists visit this place throughout the year, especially on dates that have great significance in the Islamic and Javanese calendars. Data were collected from a convenience sample comprising of 220 tourists in Yogyakarta. Results show that destination image is an antecedent to destination personality, while self-congruence and destination personality each positively relate to the visit intentions of tourists. Conversely, one’s destination image does not predict self-congruence. In contributing to the literature at the intersection of royal and dark tourism, this underpins sustainability in tourist tourism, destination marketing, and consumer behaviour. The implications of such a study are found to fall in line with the United Nations SDGs, specifically Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, regarding the promotion of sustainable tourism, which brings in income and provides employment; and Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, due to the fostering of conservation and promotion at the cultural heritage sites.

Perayaan 1 Muharram: Sejarah, Tradisi, Dan Makna Dalam Konteks Islam

This article discusses the celebration of 1 Muharram, which marks the Hijri New Year in the Islamic calendar. In celebrating or commemorating the Islamic New Year 1446 Hijri, some people commemorate it with various activities such as a torch parade around the village. In Wates village, there are many traditions and customs in commemorating this special day. The purpose of this celebration is a spiritual form that is still attached to the local community. This research covers the history of the beginning of the celebration, traditions that developed in various parts of the world to those that developed in Indonesia, especially in Wates Village, Batang, as well as the spiritual and social meaning of the day for Muslims. The research method includes literature study and qualitative data analysis from primary and secondary sources. From this explanation, it can be seen how attached the tradition and culture in the local community will be to the presence of the Islamic New Year.

An Analysis of STEMI Cases in the Postgraduate Hospital in Khost, Afghanistan

Myocardial infarction, specifically ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), involves the development of localized ischemic necrosis in the heart muscle due to an acute disruption of coronary blood flow. It clinically presents as burning, pressing, or squeezing chest pain that radiates to the left arm, collarbone, scapula, or jaw, along with symptoms such as shortness of breath, a feeling of fear, and cold sweat. Immediate hospitalization in a cardiac intensive care unit is crucial for patients with a developed myocardial infarction, as delays in treatment can be fatal. This study is a descriptive case series conducted in the year 1397 of the Islamic calendar. Out of 1602 inpatients admitted to Khost Postgraduate Hospital during this period, 50 patients were diagnosed with STEMI. The primary objectives of this research were to determine the frequency and pattern of STEMI cases at Khost Postgraduate Hospital during the year 1396 of the Islamic calendar.

Determination of Hijri Calendar in Islamic History and Its Criteria in Southeast Asia

It is common for the beginning of Ramadhan and Shawwal to cause differences. In 2022, the imkān ar-ru’yah (visual moonsighting) Neo-MABIMS was introduced in Indonesia as an effort to unify the Islamic calendar. However, it is often compared to the hisab wujudul hilal (lunar calculation) method. This study aims to project the hilal (new moon) altitude and elongation angle after the implementation of Neo-MABIMS and compare the beginning of the month of Ramadhan and Shawwal between imkān ar-ru'yah and hisab wujudul hilal. A quantitative method was used to reveal differences between 2023 and 2031. Data was analysed using a comparative approach with the support of the Starry Night Pro Plus 6 and Accurate Hijri Calculator 2.2 applications. The results of this study show that a hilal altitude of 3° with an elongation angle greater than 6.4° was found in three periods for the beginning of Ramadhan (2023, 2029, 2030). Meanwhile, for the beginning of Shawwal, this was found in only two periods (2024 and 2031). In the comparison between imkān ar-ru’yah and hisab wujudul hilal, there will be differences marking the beginning of the month of Ramadhan in the years 2024, 2025, and 2030. Similarly, the onset of Shawwal will experience distinctions in 2023, 2026, and 2030. As a result, hisab (calculations) and ru’yah (sighting) adherents will differ on the day of celebration of Eid al Fitr to as many as three different dates.

Ramadhan effect towards Nifty Shariah indices in India

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the weekday effect on the Nifty Shariah indices as per the Islamic calendar. The study is intended to know about the return and volatility of these indices during Ramadhan and non-Ramadhan days.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on analysing the Nifty Shariah indices and Sensex daily returns collected from NSE India and BSE India, respectively, during the period of 1 August 2016 to 31 July 2022. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data, while the Ordinary Least Square method is used to determine the impact of weekdays on the Nifty Shariah indices. Additionally, the study applies the GARCH statistical model to examine the influence of Ramadhan on the returns and volatility of the Nifty Shariah indices.FindingsAll of the Nifty Shariah indices produced positive returns during the overall sample period. According to the study, Tuesday index returns outperform other weekdays. The GARCH model indicated that the coefficient values for the Nifty 50 Shariah and Nifty 500 Shariah indices were negative. Ramadhan has a strong negative effect on volatility, according to this study.Originality/valueThe outcomes of the research are beneficial for investors aiming to exploit daily or weekly price fluctuations, rather than pursuing extended investment periods. Furthermore, fund managers can employ these findings to shape trading strategies, and academics can examine the performance of Shariah indices in the Indian context. This enables devout investors to make significant financial choices, thus advancing ethical values in society and upholding standards of both public and private morality.

ANALISIS KRITIS TERHADAP KHUTBAH IDUL FITRI OLEH USTADZ DR. AGUS HERMANTO MHI

The Eid al-Fitr sermon is one of the important moments in the Islamic religious calendar which is celebrated by Muslims around the world. Eid al-Fitr sermons are lectures delivered by religious leaders at mosques or other places of worship on Eid al-Fitr, after carrying out Eid prayers in congregation. This sermon has the aim of conveying religious messages and inspiring Muslims to increase their faith and piety. Critical analysis also reveals that the authenticity of the sermon is an important concern. Some sermons contain references that are unclear and can lead to different interpretations. In addition, choosing the right language and rhetoric has proven to be an important factor in the effectiveness of the sermon to convey messages clearly and move the congregation to act positively.

Exploring the Intersection of Bodybuilding and Ramadan: Strategies for Maintaining Muscle Mass and Performance During Fasting

Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, involves fasting from dawn until sunset as a spiritual practice. For individuals engaged in bodybuilding and fitness pursuits, Ramadan presents unique challenges and opportunities. This article reviews the scientific literature on the effects of Ramadan fasting on muscle physiology and performance, as well as strategies for optimizing bodybuilding goals during this period. It examines nutritional and training considerations to help individuals maintain muscle mass, strength and performance while observing Ramadan.

The Influencing Factors in Choosing the City of Fes as the Capital for the Idrisids Zahraa Saadoun Zajy

The Idrisids were the first Shia dynasty to reach power in the Islamic world. They succeeded in forming a strong government that exerted control over the West African region for three centuries. It is well-known that establishing any state requires finding a strong capital city as a base for that state. The choice of a city’s location is an important factor that plays an effective role in the stability and success of cities. Both external and internal factors, as well as geographical and environmental considerations, contribute to the success of these cities. For example, places located centrally, with infrastructure and fertile land, and close to civilization, tend to be more stable and successful. Fes, the capital of the Idrisids in the farthest part of Morocco, is one of the important capitals that was influenced by various factors leading to its success. Initially, the Idrisids resided in the city of Walili (Volubilis). Later, they moved to Fes, which was founded by Idris ibn Abdallah in the middle of the year 192 to 193 AH (Islamic calendar) in the farthest part of Morocco. Due to favorable geographical and strategic factors, the Idrisid rulers were able to govern effectively. Fes became a hub for scholars, traders, and a successful industrial zone. In this research, we explore the reasons that led Idris II to choose Fes as the capital, shifting it from Walili, and establish it as the capital of his state.

RAMADHAN FASTING (صوم): A TRUE REJUVENATION OF BODY AND MIND.

Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, is the holy month of fasting observed by Muslims around the world. It is not just a religious and spiritual journey but also a potential period of physical and mental rejuvenation. Islam, with over two billion followers, is the second-largest religion globally and projected to outnumber Christians by 2050.1 Abstaining from food and drink from dawn to dusk for a month can bring about significant changes in the body and mind, promoting overall well-being. Ramadan fasting is a deeply spiritual practice that promotes self-discipline, empathy, and spiritual reflection. It is also a significant cultural and religious tradition that promotes social connection, contributing to mental rejuvenation. It has been associated with improved biochemical parameters and reduced risk of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, contributing to physical rejuvenation.2

Variations of heat exhaustion rate of pilgrims with environmental conditions during hajj seasons between 2002 and 2018 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Heat exhaustion (HE) is one of the major concerns for medical service providers, especially in hot weather conditions. Every year pilgrims come to Makkah in Saudi Arabia to perform hajj rites which require a lot of physical effort. Makkah has a very hot climate, especially in the summer. Several cases of HE have been reported among pilgrims. The rate of heat exhaustion (HER) among pilgrims was studied using five climatic factors such as temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), heat index (HI), total solar radiation (TSR) and wind speed (WS) during the Hajj seasons between 2002 and 2018 in Makkah. These factors were measured using data collected by the weather stations owned by The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research at Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah. There is a roughly 11 days difference between solar and lunar years. Occurring in the 12th lunar month of the Islamic calendar, the Hajj is rotating by about 11 days each year. As a result, it will coincide with each month of the solar calendar in a period of about 32 years. Therefore, the HER values ranged between 0.18 per 105 in the winter of 2005 to 35.97 per 105 in the summer of 2018. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis revealed a very high linear relationship among most climate factors and HER (multiple R (MR) ≥ 79 %, R2 ≥ 63 % and P < 10−4). Seven different equation groups of climate factors were applied to predict HER values and showed a very high correlation (MR ≥ 91 %, R2 ≥ 83 % and P ≤ 0.001). Further studies of HER are needed, especially in terms of medical, environmental, demographic, and social sciences in Makkah.

Tolerance and Moderation in the Formulation of A Global Islamic Calendar

The Global Islamic Calendar is a new breakthrough in the modern era with the aim of uniting all Muslims in a unified and integrated time scheduling system. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of the global calendar and solutions to minimize differences in views. The research method used is qualitative based on literature study. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis. The results of the study revealed that the idea of a global calendar was motivated by the frequent differences in dropping the days of worship, especially Ramadan, Shawwal, and Zulhijah, not on the same day, even the difference reached more than two days. The idea of the Global Islamic Calendar has been rejected by a number of parties with all the reasons and rebuttals that cause the dynamics and discourse about it to continue to emerge. Considering the sharp differences, a moderate and tolerant attitude is needed from all parties because this issue is a fiqh issue that is prone to differences of opinion. Moderation and tolerance are the keys to the realization of the Global Islamic Calendar. This research certainly has implications for the improvement of Islamic knowledge, and also as an effort to unite the ukhuwah of the people.

Impact of accrual and real earnings management on the stock liquidity: the month-of-the-year and Ramadan effects

Purpose The abnormality of the month-of-the-year and Ramadan effects has extensively existed in the stock and other markets. The commercial strategy pattern and the computation of such predictable patterns in the market allow investors to make money. By using anomalies such as the month-of-the-year and the Ramadan effects on earnings management (EM), it is possible to achieve such a goal. This study aims to investigate the month-of-the-year effect and the Ramadan effect on the relationship between accrual earnings management and real earnings management (AEM and REM, respectively) and liquidity in the Iranian capital market. Design/methodology/approach This empirical analysis comprises a panel data set of 80 listed firms (400 observations) on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. Findings The findings exhibit that when AEM and REM increase, information asymmetry also increases. The simultaneous increase of these variables leads to a decrease in stock liquidity. Furthermore, the results indicate that the month-of-the-year and Ramadan effects intensify the negative relationship between AEM and REM with stock liquidity. Therefore, EM is affected by the investor’s behavior in specific months. Practical implications Anomalies caused by the Ramadan effect and the month-of-the-year effect on reducing liquidity in the Iranian stock market were confirmed. Investors can use these anomalies to identify predictable patterns, exchange securities according to those patterns and earn abnormal returns. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that empirically examined the simultaneous effect of Gregorian and Islamic calendar anomalies on the relationship between EM and liquidity, and while helping managers and other readers, it can be the basis for future research.

Scholarly Views And Analysis On Forged Hadith About Rajab Sunnah Prayers

Rajab is a sacred month in the Islamic calendar that is historically and religiously significant. Muslims regard this month as an opportunity to engage in increased worship, repentance, and preparation for the upcoming Ramadan. There are numerous hadiths about supplementary deeds to be practiced in the month of Rajab. However, some of them are reported as forged hadiths and need to be clarified to our community. Therefore, the objectives of this paperwork are to identify forged hadith focusing on performing sunnah prayers in Rajab and to analyse the chain of narrators and hadith status based on hadith scholars’ reports. This study applies the qualitative method based on library research by collecting data from books, paper works, and websites related to the study. Next, the content analysis method is used to analyse the evaluation and views of hadith scholars by referring to the collection of forged hadith books written by Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Suyuti, al-Shawkani, and Ibn ‘Iraq. The finding shows that there are five topics of forged hadiths related to sunnah prayers in Rajab which are sunnah prayer at the beginning of Rajab, sunnah prayer during the month of Rajab, al-Ragha’ib prayer, Nisf Rajab prayer, and Isra’ Mi’raj prayer.

Bank liquidity creation and religious observance: Evidence from Ramadan fasting

I examine the effect of religious observance, represented by fasting hours during the month of Ramadan, on bank liquidity creation. I exploit exogenous variation of Ramadan fasting hours that depends on: (1) the timing of Ramadan based on the rotating Islamic calendar; and (2) a country’s latitude. My results document that one additional Ramadan fasting hour reduces bank liquidity creation by 1.1% within countries with the share of Muslim population above 50%. No such effect is found in Muslim-minority countries. In terms of transmission channel, I find that intensified Ramadan fasting reduces the productivity of economic agents that use financial services, hence lower the demand for bank liquidity creation. My results are robust for a battery of sensitivity checks and omitted variables concerns. The results offer novel insights into the effect of a specific religious observance on bank liquidity creation in the Islamic world.

Conventional and Islamic Equity Market Reaction Towards Terrorism: Evidence Based on Target Types, Location and Islamic Calendar Months

Abstract This study investigates the conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events in Pakistan from 2009 to 2016 using OLS regression and GARCH (1, 1) models. The prospect theory and efficient market hypothesis are the relevant theories. Findings indicate that conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events is very short lived and markets recovers quickly. This study also documents the market reaction to terrorism events based on the target type, location and during the Islamic calendar months. The impact of different target types and different event locations on the conventional and Islamic equity markets varies. The equity markets in Pakistan responds negatively to the attacks on educational institutes and businesses whereas positively to attacks on armed forces’ facilities. Furthermore, conventional equity market responds negatively to terrorist attacks in Karachi and positively to attacks in financial cities and FATA. Interestingly, Islamic equity market responds positively towards the attacks in financial cities and FATA, however, with very minute reaction magnitude. The findings of this study are useful for the investors to manage their portfolios by considering magnitude and direction of market reaction towards terrorism based on the target type, location and Islamic months. Overall, this study concludes that conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction towards terrorism is very minute; however, the conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction varies based on target type, event location and different Islamic calendar months. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that equity markets recover very soon, therefore, markets are efficient in observing these shocks.

Food anthropology of Alavi Bohra muslims during Muharram

The Alavi Bohras, besides their long and distinguished history, have a distinct culture around food and identity, elements of which are still preserved and active by the Alavi Bohras decades after their settlement in Vadodara. They have a typical food pattern in the mourning month of Muharram, which is the first month of the Islamic calendar. To document the food anthropology and ethnography of foods, ingredients, and dishes of Alavi Bohra Muslims during Muharram using qualitative methods. In this cross-sectional study, mixed qualitative methods of ethnographic research were used to understand the diet culture of Alavi Bohras during Muharram – the historic significance of Muharram, assessing the diet quality, type of foods and key ingredients used in cuisines as served in community thaals. Methods like direct observations (n=10 days) of the community kitchen, key informant interviews (n=5) with clerics and cooks, and focus group discussion (n=1) with prominent and learned people of the community. Based on the observations, interviews, and focus group discussion it was found that Alavi Bohras eat food served through the community kitchen on all nine days including Ashura, during Muharram, Food is consumed from thaal, which essentially has two items each day, a sweet and a savory dish served with a milk-based beverage daily and served ad libitum. The thaal comprises all four food groups - namely cereals, millets; pulses; vegetables, and fruits; and Milk and Milk products, egg, meat and fish, oils and fats (ICMR -NIN, 2011). This study showcases the culture of Alavi Bohra Muslims during Muharram, the diet quality of Muharram, and Ashura thaal, which is a completely balanced meal, such thaal can be promoted at large and a comparative account of Muharram by Shia and Sunni Muslims. Rich diversity is observed in the thaal wherein all foods from all 4 groups are incorporated, which is considered healthy and nutritious.

Changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviors and mental stress among medical students upon Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting: a prospective cohort study from Taif/Saudi Arabia

BackgroundIntermittent fasting (IF) is a popular dietary plan for weight loss. In fact, fasting is a common practice in different religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. During the month of Ramadan, more than 1.5 billion Muslims worldwide fast from dawn to sunset. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) has health benefits, including a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and an improvement in mood. However, little is known about the effects of RDIF on lifestyle behaviors, such as regular exercise, consuming healthy diet, and avoiding harmful substances, as well as mental stress, and academic performance in high school and university students.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, two self-reported questionnaires were sent one week before and during the last week of Ramadan (April 2022; Ramadan 1443 in Hijri Islamic Calendar) to assess changes in lifestyle, perceived stress, and academic achievement of medical students at Taif University in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Healthy lifestyle components data were collected to calculate healthy lifestyle scores, including body mass index, physical activity, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, smoking status, and sleep duration.ResultsRDIF was associated with a healthier lifestyle in both female and male participants (pre-RDIF mean score: 2.42 vs post-RDIF mean score: 2.74; statistical power = 0.99; P-value < 0.05). They were more active and adherent to the Mediterranean diet during RDIF. Additionally, the post-RDIF smoking rate declined by 53.4%. Male participants showed higher perceived stress scores during RDIF (pre-RDIF mean score: 19.52 vs post-RDIF mean score: 22.05; P-value < 0.01). No changes in academic performance were observed upon RDIF.ConclusionMedical students show healthier dietary and lifestyle behaviors and their academic performance is not affected during RDIF. However, perceived stress is higher among male students.

The Decline of Islamic Local Authority and the Dilemma of Islamic Aboge Community in Central Java

The Aboge Islamic community in Onje Purbalingga has been one of the most prominent Aboge communities in Central Java. Every year, this community is the subject of media attention due to its different method for determining the beginning of the months of Ramadan and Shawwal. In Onje, the Aboge used to be the majority. Everyone in the village started their fasting for Ramadan and celebrated their Eid based on the Islamic Aboge calendar. The Aboge imam previously had significant influence on religious and socio-cultural life in the community. However, this influence is waning. The Aboge are no longer the majority in the village. This paper provides an analysis on why Aboge Imams started to lose their religious authority in the community. Why did some members of the community adhere to Aboge Islamic traditions while others did not? Using an ethnographic method, this paper argues that the decline of Aboge leaders' influence is shaped not only by the challenges of modernity, but also a process of bureaucratizing sharī‘ah as well as the weak institution of the local Aboge community.