Isentropic Compressibility Ks Research Articles

Speed of sound measurements of binary n-octane+ ethylcyclohexane mixture at liquid-gas phase transition curve

Bio-jet fuel is a key element in the aviation industry to reduce operating costs and environmental impacts. Bio-jet fuel is a complex mixture of four hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics). In the present work, the speed of sound in pure n-octane, ethylcyclohexane, and their mixtures with six selected compositions of (0.3004, 0.4191, 0.4999, 0.5538, 0.6991, and 0.7852 mole fraction of ethylcyclohexane) has been measured along the l-G saturation curve in the temperature ranges from (286 to 443) K using the pulse method with a constant (acoustic) sounding base. The combined expanded absolute and relative uncertainties (0.95 level of confidence, k = 2) of the temperature, concentration, and speed of sound measurements are estimated to be 20 mK, 0.0006 mole fraction, and 0.2 %, respectively. The measured speed of sound data together with our previous reported density data for the pure component (ethylcyclohexane) and the mixture were used to calculate derived thermodynamic properties, such as isentropic compressibility kS and heat capacity ratios CPCV as a function of temperature along the l-G saturation curve for the pure components and the mixture for selected concentration of x = 0.8 mole fraction of ethylcyclohexane. The deviation of the measured speed of sound data for the mixture from the linear additive rule has been determined using the pure component data.

Insights into experimental and theoretical approach to physicochemical properties of aqueous PEGylated deep eutectic solvents at T=(293.15–323.15) K

This paper demonstrates the excess molar properties: excess molar volumes VmE and excess isentropic compressibilities Ks,mE of aqueous binary mixtures of PEGylated DESs at T = (293.15 - 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. The DESs were prepared from combination of Tetrabutylammonium bromide/Benzyltributylammonium chloride as HBA with Polyethylene glycols of different average molar masses 200, 400, and 600 as HBD. The excess molar properties excess molar volumes VmE and excess isentropic compressibilities Ks,mE of DESs binary mixtures were obtained over the entire composition range from experimental values of the density and speed of sound of both pure and aqueous DES mixtures. The Redlich-Kister equation was used to estimate the standard deviation between experimental and calculated excess properties. The stronger interaction between water and components of studied DESs gave negative values for both excess molar properties. This behaviour of the investigated systems was assessed using Extended Real Associated Solution Model (ERAS) and Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory (PFPT). The obtained results were interpreted in terms of interactions between the mixture components, temperature, structure of HBA and molecular mass of HBD.

Volumetric and Acoustic Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Butanol Isomers with Gasoline Surrogate Compounds

Substituting butanol, a renewable fuel for internal combustion engine, as the gasoline blend against the conventionally used ethanol requires the knowledge of their thermophysical properties as these properties decide the fuel injection system, flame propagation, and combustion process in a compression ignition engine. Butanols offer higher energy density and lower tendency to absorb moisture. To offer proof of concept of the influence of temperature and composition of various organic solvents in the isomers of butanol, herein, we had experimentally measured the values of densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) of butanol isomers with o-xylene, toluene, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at different temperatures (T = 298.15 and 308.15 K) and at 101.3 kPa pressure and over the entire composition range. Measured data have been used to calculate the thermodynamic properties, namely, excess molar volumes VmE and excess molar isentropic compressibilities Ks, mE. The behavior and influence of the temperature and proportion of butanol isomers on measured and calculated properties were studied. Experimental VmE data have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation, and standard errors in prediction were determined. Densities of the binary system are predicted by the PC-SAFT equation of state. We further have used the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory to predict VmE of the studied systems. Results of predicted and experimentally determined VmE over the entire range of proportion of butanols are compared. Influence of isentropic compressibility on the resulting fuel’s combustion characteristics has been cursorily discussed.

Exploration of physico-chemical properties of aspirin as pharmaceutical waste in aqueous environment by acoustic method

The presence of pharmaceutical wastes has been detected in various water environments. These pharmaceutical pollutants may lead to serious problems to human and animal health. Various molecular interactions existing in aqueous drug systems may be considered responsible for these health hazards. For the present investigation density and acoustic properties of the solutions with different drug concentrations were measured at 298.15 K. Various mathematical relations were used to derive a number of physico-chemical parameters including isentropic compressibility (KS), apparent molar isentropic compressibility KS,ϕ, isothermal compressibility (KT), intermolecular free length (Lf), molar free volume (Vf), internal pressure (πi), acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA) and surface tension (S). In an attempt to understand the interactions between ionic, hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of drug fragments present in the ternary solutions and the structural effects of the solute on the solvent, a thorough analysis of these parameters were done. A conclusion can be drawn that the structure making properties of the drug molecules play an important role and solute–solvent interactions are prevalent in these systems.

Acoustic and Viscometric Studies of Atropine Sulphate with Life Essential 3d- Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Medium

In the present paper, the ultrasonic velocity u, density ρ and viscosity η measurements of the drug atropine sulphate in aqueous solutions of Cu(II) and Co(II) metal ions at  298.15 K/1atm at a wide range of concentrations (0.01M-0.1M) are reported. They constitute a valuable source of information viz. inter-relationship of system composition, intermolecular interactions and the physical properties of the solute and solvent investigated. The observed values of u, ρ and η were found in the range of 1500-1550 ms-1, 1000-1040 kgm-3 and 0.8900-1.300 Nsm-2 respectively. The effect of concentration on u, ρ and η in all ternary systems of metal ions were found to be positive. Acoustical parameters such as isentropic compressibility Ks, intermolecular free length Lf, specific acoustic impedance Z, relative association RA, free volume Vf, internal pressure πi, viscous relaxation time τ, Gibb’s free energy ΔG, attenuation coefficient α, Rao’s constant Rm, and Wada’s constant w were calculated from the experimental data. It was found that all the parameters increased with increasing concentration except Vf, Lf and Ks. On the basis of the Jones-Dole equation, viscosity data were analyzed and the values of the Falkenhagen coefficient A and Jones-Dole B coefficient were evaluated. The variations in these parameters are discussed in terms of hydrophilic-hydrophilic/hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions in these systems along with the structure-making/breaking behaviour of the drug.

Effect of NaCl and KCl on volumetric and acoustic behavior of aqueous Creatinine Hydrochloride solutions at T = (288.15–318.15) K

Systematic measurements of density and speed of sound of Creatinine Hydrochloride in aqueous and in aqueous solutions of 0.06 mol∙kg−1 NaCl/KCl and 0.1 mol∙kg−1 NaCl/KCl were carried out at T = (288.15–318.15) K within the concentration range of (0.03 to 0.1) mol∙kg−1. All the measurements were performed for density and speed of sound simultaneously on Anton Paar DSA 5000 M. The density ρ and speed of sound u were employed to calculate the various derived parameters such as apparent molar volume of solute Vϕ, limiting apparent molar volume of solute Vϕ0, limiting apparent molar expansivity Eϕ0, thermal expansion coefficient α∗, isentropic compressibility κs, apparent molar isentropic compressibility Ks,ϕ, limiting apparent molar compressibility Ksϕ0. The trends of variation of experimental and computed parameters have been discussed in terms of hydrophilic-ionic group interactions and hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions operative in the systems.

Solvation Behaviour of Some Copper(I) Nitrate Complexes in Dimethylsulfoxide and Nitromethane at 298 K

The ultrasonic velocities of solutions of Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NClO4, [Cu(AN)4]NO3, [Cu(BN)4]NO3, [Cu(Phen)2]NO3, [Cu(DMPhen)2]NO3, [Cu(Bipy)2]NO3 and [Cu(TU)4]NO3 (where AN = acetonitrile, BN = benzonitrile, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, DMPhen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl and TU = thiourea) were measured in the concentration range 0.03-0.27 M in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), nitromethane (NM) and binary mixtures of DMSO + NM containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% NM at 298 K in the present studies. Using ultrasonic velocity and density data, isentropic compressibility (κs) and apparent molal isentropic compressibility (κs,φ) for electrolytes in DMSO + NM mixture have been calculated. Result shows that copper(I) electrolytes show less solvation in NM rich regions indicating structure breaking tendency of nitromethane. Extent of solvation in Cu(I) ions decreases in the order: [Cu(AN)4]+ > [Cu(BN)4]+ > [Cu(TU)4]+ > [Cu(DMPhen)2]+ > [Cu(Phen)2]+ > [Cu(Bipy)2]+.

Ion-Solvent Interactions Investigated by Isentropic Compressibility Measurements of Lithium and Sodium Salts in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile and Nitromethane at 298.15 K

Ultrasonic velocities (u) and densities (ρ) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) were measured in the concentration range 0.001-0.25 mol kg-1 in acetonitrile (AN) and nitromethane (NM) binary mixtures consisting of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol%NM in AN at 298.15 K. The isentropic compressibility (Ks) and apparent molal isentropic compressibility (Ks,f) values of the above salts in all solvent mixtures have been evaluated from experimental data. Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (Ko s,φ) for various salts were evaluated and split into the ionic contributions (Ko s,φ)±. The variation of (Ko s,φ)± with solvent compositions shows that Li+ and Na+ ions have very large negative (Ko s,φ)± values indicating strong solvation of both Li+ and Na+ ions in AN + NM mixtures over whole binary solvent composition range. Stronger solvation was further observed in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures. Li+ ions, however, showed much higher solvation as compared to Na+ ions at all compositions. The ClO4 – ions showed feeble solvation in AN + NM mixtures through some interaction with AN binary mixtures with higher mol% of AN. The positive values of (Ko s,φ)± with large magnitude for Bu4N+ and Ph4B– ions indicate solvophobic type of interaction with the solvent molecules, which is stronger in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures.

Investigation on thermophysical properties of binary systems of [C4mim][NTf2] with cyclic ethers: Application of PFP and ERAS theories

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been researched as a novel substitute for volatile organic solvents since their inception two decades ago. The high viscosity and cost of pure ILs are major constrains for their industrial application which can be overcome by the addition of small amount of organic solvent. The introduction of organic solvents in pure ILs makes noticeable alteration in thermophysical properties of pure IL through variations in the molecular interactions. This manuscript deals with the excess molar volumes VmE, excess molar isentropic compressibilities Ks,mE and logarithm of viscosities lnηm for binary systems of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2]) with two cyclic ethers: tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4 dioxane (DIO), at entire mole fraction range of IL and temperature between 298.15 K to 323.15 K. The VmE, Ks,mE and lnηm were calculated from the experimental values of densities, ρ, speeds of sound, u, and viscosities, η, respectively. The Redlich-Kister polynomial equation was utilized to obtain fitting parameters for VmE, Ks,mE and lnηm. The values of VmE, Ks,mEand lnηm were negative. The negative deviation from ideality was ascribed to efficient packing and presence of strong-ion dipole interactions in the binary systems. The negative deviation was more pronounced in binary system of [C4mim][NTf2] + THF than [C4mim][NTf2] + DIO. The values of lnηm decrease with rise in the temperature for both systems. The Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory and Extended Real Association Solution Model (ERAS) were employed to correlate experimental VmE.

Insights into non-ideal behaviour of benzyl alcohol with (C2-C4) carboxylic acids through volumetric, ultrasonic and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic studies

ABSTRACT In the present work, experimental density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) data for the binary mixtures of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid have been reported over the complete range of mole fraction at 298.15 K ≤ T ≤ 313.15 K. Excess volumes (VE ), excess isentropic compressibilities (κs E ), excess partial molar volumes (), and excess partial molar volumes at infinite dilution () have been computed from the experimental data. The excess thermodynamic properties are found to be negative over the entire range of composition at the investigated temperatures. The temperature dependence of the excess thermodynamic properties has been investigated. All the excess functions are correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation. Further, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra for the studied binary solutions have been recorded at the equimolar composition to evaluate the extent of cross-association between component molecules through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Investigation of the effect of temperature on aggregation behaviour and thermodynamic properties of Ornithine monohydrochloride in aqueous and aqueous dextrose and urea solutions

In this communication for the first time, we report the density ρ and speed of sound u of aqueous solution of Ornithine monohydrochloride (Ornithine·HCl) and Ornithine monohydrochloride (Ornithine·HCl) in aqueous 0.06 mol·kg−1 urea and aqueous 0.06 mol·kg−1 dextrose at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K within the concentration range of (0.02 to 0.2) mol·kg−1. From the experimental data of density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) the various derived parameters such as apparent molar volume of solute (Vϕ) limiting apparent molar volume of solute Vϕ0, limiting apparent molar volume of transfer (ΔtrVϕ0), limiting apparent molar expansivity Eϕ0, thermal expansion coefficient (α*), second derivative of limiting apparent molar volume ∂2Vϕ0/∂T2, isentropic compressibility κs, apparent molar compression (Ks,ϕ), limiting apparent molar compression of solute KS,ϕ0, apparent molar isentropic compression of transfer ΔtrKS,ϕ0 and hydration number (nH) have been calculated.

Studies on the interactional behaviour of binary liquid mixtures of tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether and butyl amines at different temperatures

In the present study densities, ρ, and speeds of sound u, have been measured for the binary mixtures of tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether with butyl amine, dibutyl amine, and tributyl amine across the entire composition range at temperatures T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15) K and experimental pressure p = 0.1 MPa. Experimental densities and speeds of sound data has been used to determine excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility, molar isentropic compressibility KS,m and its excess counterpart excess molar isentropic compressibility. Deviations in intermolecular free length and deviations in acoustic impedance have also been determined. Further we have also calculated the partial molar volumes for binary mixtures at different temperatures. The variation of these determined parameters with temperature and composition has been discussed with a view to understand molecular interactions present in the binary liquid mixtures of alkoxypropanol and butyl amines. The experimental data has also been fitted with Jouyban-Acree model.

Thermo-physical and spectroscopic studies of liquid mixtures containing p-methoxy benzoic acid

ABSTRACT The density and speed of sound were measured for p-Methoxy benzoic acid (P-MBA) with Aniline, N-Methylaniline (NMA) and N, N-dimethylaniline (NNDMA) from (303.15 K–313.15 K) with 5K interval temperatures using standard techniques. Thermo physical properties of molar volume (Vm ), acoustic impedance (Z), isentropic compressibility (κs ), surface tension (σ) and free length (Lf ) and their excess properties were intended from measured data. These excess parameters have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation using the least square method. Obtained values of partial molar volumes ( , ) reflects the culminations were drawn from Vm E. Supplementary, to test the pertinent of different theoretical models of speed of sound by means of resoluted values. Finally, the formation of hydrogen bonding between molecules in composition was fetched from FTIR spectra.

Physicochemical properties and FT-IR spectral studies of binary liquid mixtures containing anisole with isomeric cresols

ABSTRACT Densities (ρ) and speed of sound (u) data for anisole with o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol binary liquid mixtures were estimated over the temperature at T = (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were used to compute excess volume (VE ) and excess isentropic compressibilities (κS E ) at all the investigated temperatures. The magnitude of excess properties is negative for all the mixtures containing anisole with isomeric cresols due to existence of solvent–solute interactions of hydrogen bond. The V E and κ S E were fitted and correlated with Redlich-Kister type equation. Further, the measured sound speed data were compared with Schaff’s Collision Factor Theory (CFT) and Jacobson’s Free length Theory (FLT) to check their predictive capability. The resultant of these properties, with structure and temperature, was explained in terms of molecular interactions owing to physiochemical effects between the unlike molecules of the binary mixtures. Further, FT-IR data were also collected to confirm the existence of hydrogen bonding between molecules.

Physicochemical and spectral evaluation of the interactional behavior of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) with mixed [sodium deoxycholate (bile salt) + cetyltrimethylammonium bromide] surfactants

Aggregation behavior of anionic bio-surfactant; sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and cationic surfactant; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and their mixtures at different mole fractions, αSDC = (0.90026, 0.88416, and 0.69438) has been examined in water as well as in aqueous solutions of nicotinic acid at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K by employing various techniques such as conductivity, density, sound velocity, UV–visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. From the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of ionization (α) of micelle, thermodynamic parameters {standard Gibbs free energy (), enthalpy (), and entropy () of micellization} have been evaluated and analyzed for surfactants studied in water and in (1, 2, and 3) × 10−4 mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) solutions at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The CMC values for both the pure and mixed (SDC + CTAB) surfactants were found to increase with increase in concentration of nicotinic acid. The partial specific volume (φv), isentropic compressibility (κs), and partial specific isentropic compressibility (φκ) were estimated from density and speed of sound data. UV–vis absorption spectra of 1 × 10−4 mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) solutions were also recorded in presence of surfactants studied at αSDC = (0.90026, 0.88416, 0.69438) and T = 298.15 K. Hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of micellar aggregates for both pure and mixed surfactants were analyzed through the DLS studies performed at 298.15 K. The results from all the studies suggest the supremacy of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the nicotinic acid and the mixed micellar aggregates.

Insights into Non‐Ideal Behavior of Double Salt Ionic Liquids with Common Cation: Volumetric Behaviour, Molecular Dynamics Simulations and NMR Experiments

AbstractThe designer concept of ionic liquid (ILs) allows combination of different types of cation with anion to manipulate desire sets of physico‐chemical properties. The additional degree of freedom to improve these properties is addition of second IL, i. e. mixture of two pure ILs, known as “Double Salt Ionic Liquids (DSILs)”. Depending on variation in physico chemical properties, DSILs could be ideal or non‐ideal solution. The present study was explores non‐ideal behaviour of three novel combination of imidazolium based DSILs using physico‐chemical properties. The proposed DSILs are homogeneous mixtures of two pure ILs with common cation and two different anions: ethylsulfate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide / trifluoromethanesulfonate / thiocyanate. The densities, ρ and speeds of sound, u for proposed DSILs were determined at different temperatures. The excess molar volumes VmE and excess molar isentropic compressibilities KS,mE were calculated and discussed in view of chemical structures of pure ILs, nature of anions and type of interaction between ions. The VmE were found to be positive for all cases, whereas positive or negative KS,mE were observed for studied DSILs. The behaviour of DSILs was explained by molecular dynamics simulations in terms of interaction energies and hydrogen bonds between components of DSILs as well as 1H NMR results. The results indicate random distribution of anions around imidazolium cation and structural changes during formulation of DSILs.

Apparent molar properties of trioctylmethylammonium based ionic liquids in toluene and dodecane at T = (293.15 to 328.15) K

The structural variance ability of ionic liquids (ILs) provides an opportunity to fine tune the thermophysical properties for given application. For effective extraction of metal ion from water, the applied ILs should be hydrophobic and preferably containing non fluorinated anions. The hydrophobicity of ILs can be further manipulated by the addition of diluents. To understand extraction of metal ion using binary mixtures of ILs + diluent, it is utmost important to explore different types of interactions exist in the binary mixtures using thermophysical properties. For this purpose, we present experimentally measured data of densities, ρ and speeds of sound, u for binary solutions of aprotic ionic liquids (APILs) namely trioctylmethylammonioum bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [TOMA][DEHP], trioctylmethylammonioum bis-(2-ethylhexyl) diglycolamate [TOMA][DGA], trioctylmethylammonioum bis-(2-ethyhexyl)sulfosuccinate [TOMA][DEHS] in toluene and dodecane (diluents) at T = 293.15 K to 328.15 K. The apparent molar properties like volume Vϕ, isentropic compressibility Ks,ϕ and limiting expansivity Eϕ∞ were calculated and explained in terms of temperature, size of anion, and nature of solvent. The both Vϕ and Ks,ϕ were increased with rise in temperature and replacing toluene with dodecane whereas decreased with increase in concentration of APIL. The Redlich-Mayer type equation was used to correlate apparent molar volume, Vϕ∞ and apparent molar isentropic compressibility, Kϕ∞ at infinite dilution. The influence of interactions (IL-IL or IL-solvent) in studied binary mixtures was elucidated by Sv and Sk parameters. It was observed that ion-solvent interactions are dominating in APILs + toluene than in APILs + dodecane.

Investigation of ketonic effect in molecular interactions of 2-methylcyclohexanone with aniline, N-methyl aniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline at various temperatures

Densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) and viscosities (η) of binary mixtures of 2-methoxy aniline with aniline, N-methyl aniline and N, N-dimethyl aniline including those of pure liquids, over the entire composition range were measured at temperatures (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K and 101.3 kPa. Using the experimental data, the excess volume (VE ) and excess isentropic compressibility (κs E ), deviation in viscosity (Δη), excess partial molar volumes, and and excess partial molar isentropic compressibilities, and of the components at infinite dilution were calculated. These values indicate the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding (N-H·····O = C) between the hydrogen atom of amine group of aniline /N-methyl aniline /N, N-dimethyl aniline and the oxygen atom of carbonyl group of 2-methylcyclohexanone in the binary liquid mixtures.

Physicochemical investigations of polyethylene glycols with N, N dimethylacetamide

The densitiesρ and ultrasonic speeds u for the binary mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) and poly ethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) with N, N dimethylacetamide (DMA) are measured over the entire mole fraction range and at temperatures 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K. From the experimental data, and excess molar volume, VmE, excess ultrasonic speed uE, excess isentropic compressibility κsE, Excess intermolecular free length LfE, excess acoustic impedance ZE and excess molar isentropic compressibility Ks,mE are evaluated. The partial molar properties and their excess properties are also determined. The solute-solvent interactions are also analyzed using FTIR spectra, recorded at the room temperature.

Deep eutectic solvents composed of tetrabutylammonium bromide and PEG: Density, speed of sound and viscosity as a function of temperature

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is the latest entry in the spectrum of eco-friendly solvents. They are analogues of ionic liquid (IL) with similar physicochemical properties. The accurate value of physicochemical and transport properties at various temperatures are paramount information required for the utilization of DES in industry. In this context, the densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u) and viscosities (η) of tetrabutylammonium bromide based DESs at atmospheric pressure and temperature ranges from 298.15 K to 343.15 K are reported here. The studied DESs were prepared by complexing tetrabutylammonium bromide (HBA) and polyethylene glycol (HBD) of different molar mass (200, 400 and 600). The thermal expansion coefficient αP, isentropic compressibility κs, intermolecular free length Lf and activation energy for viscosity Eη have been derived from the measured value of ρ, u and η, respectively. The measured properties of DESs are greatly influenced by temperature, mole ratio of HBA: HBD, molar mass of PEG and strength of H-bonding between HBA and HBD. The experimental value of ρ, u and η for DESs decrease with increase in temperature whereas increase with increase in molar mass of PEG from 200 to 600. However very small change was observed in studied properties when mole ratio of PEG was increased. The η of DESs steeply decreases between 298.15 K and 323.15 K. The measured and derived properties of DESs will be used to calculate various process parameters for applications of DESs.