Ischaemic Heart Disease Mortality In Women Research Articles

Prognostic Implications of Physical Activity on Mortality from Ischaemic Heart Disease: Longitudinal Cohort Study Data.

The prevalence of physical inactivity has been rising in many countries in recent years, adding to the burden of non-communicable diseases and affecting overall health worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the comprehensive assessment of the prognostic value of physical activity in leisure time on mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) by gender separately for those respondents who were diagnosed with IHD and for those who were not diagnosed with IHD in their baseline health survey. In the baseline survey (2006-2008), 7100 men and women ages 45-72 were examined within the framework of the international study Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE). A total of 6770 participants were available for statistical analysis (after excluding 330 respondents due to missing information on study variables). Physical activity was determined by leisure-time physical activities (hours/week). All participants in the baseline survey were followed up for IHD mortality events until 31 December 2018. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, it was found that moderate and higher levels of physical activity significantly reduced the risk of IHD mortality (HR = 0.54, p = 0.016 and HR = 0.60, p = 0.031, respectively) in men who were not diagnosed with IHD at baseline compared with physically inactive subjects. It was found that among men and women who were diagnosed with IHD at baseline, physical activity reduced the risk of mortality from IHD compared with those who were physically inactive (HR = 0.54, p = 0.021 and HR = 0.41, p = 0.025, respectively). Using mediation analysis, it was found that physical activity directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality (p < 0.05) in men and women. High physical activity was a significant factor that directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality in men, regardless of whether subjects had IHD at baseline or not. However, only moderate physical activity was a significant factor that directly predicted statistically lower IHD mortality in the women group with IHD at baseline.

Diabetes mellitus and risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease by gender: 18 years follow-up of 74 914 individuals in the HUNT 1 Study

To study long-term mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in subjects with and without diabetes and how the association between diabetes and fatal IHD is influenced by gender and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 1984-86, all inhabitants aged 20 years or older in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway were invited to the HUNT Study. A total of 74,914 participated in our study, 2100 of them with prevalent diabetes. During 18 years of follow-up, 19,967 persons died. Among people without diabetes or CVD at baseline, men had twice (HR 2.20, CI 2.00-2.41) the rate of fatal IHD compared with women. With diabetes present, the gender gap was substantially reduced (HR 1.25, CI 0.9-1.72), and if both diabetes and CVD were present, IHD mortality in men and women was identical (HR 1.1, CI 0.79-1.64). Gender specific analyses showed a stronger association of diabetes with IHD mortality in women (HR 2.71, CI 2.33-3.16) compared with men (HR 1.98, CI 1.70-2.30, test for interaction, P < 0.01). Diabetes is a stronger predictor for IHD mortality in women than in men, and diabetes attenuates the usual gender gap in IHD mortality. With both diabetes and established CVD present, the gender gap is fully attenuated.

The Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease: An Update. Part 2: Mortality Trends and Main Causes of Death in the Greek Population

The Seven Countries Study, carried out in the 1960s, showed a low cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the Greek population. Since then, although the age-adjusted all-cause mortality has gradually and steadily decreased, CVD mortality has increased, mainly due to a rise in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and, more specifically, myocardial infarction (MI). The number of MIs per 100,000 men aged 30-69 years increased from 195 in 1981 to 297 in 1988 and from 35 to 52 in women, respectively. Age-adjusted IHD mortality in men aged 45-74 years almost doubled from 1956 to 1978. The rate of increase slowed down for a decade and since 1990 it has declined slightly. In women, the age-adjusted IHD mortality increased, but to a lesser degree until 1990, and then it started to decline. Cerebrovascular mortality was higher than IHD mortality in women and equal to IHD mortality in men in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but it started to decrease in 1972 in men, and in 1973 in women. Cancer mortality is the second commonest cause of death in both genders. Age-adjusted cancer mortality (in those aged 45-74 years) increased slightly in men until 1979 and then remained stable. In women, it remained stable until 1991 and then started to decline. The eradication of malaria and rheumatic fever, the decrease in infectious diseases, the improvement of the medical care system and the rise of the population's socio-economic level achieved during the last five decades in Greece have reduced all-cause mortality. On the other hand, the changes in lifestyle (lack of physical exercise, new dietary habits) have resulted in a higher IHD mortality. However, this increase is less than would be expected, taking into account the rise in blood cholesterol levels and the high prevalence of smoking. The recent small decline in IHD mortality is probably attributable to better treatment of IHD rather than to preventive measures.

The Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease: An Update Part 2: Mortality Trends and Main Causes of Death in the Greek Population

SUMMARYThe Seven Countries Study, carried out in the 1960s, showed a low cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the Greek population. Since then, although the age-adjusted all-cause mortality has gradually and steadily decreased, CVD mortality has increased, mainly due to a rise in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and, more specifically, myocardial infarction (MI). The number of MIs per 100000 men aged 30-69 years increased from 195 in 1981 to 297 in 1988 and from 35 to 52 in women, respectively. Age-adjusted IHD mortality in men aged 45-74 years almost doubled from 1956 to 1978. The rate of increase slowed down for a decade and since 1990 it has declined slightly. In women, the age-adjusted IHD mortality increased, but to a lesser degree until 1990, and then it started to decline. Cerebrovascular mortality was higher than IHD mortality in women and equal to IHD mortality in men in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but it started to decrease in 1972 in men, and in 1973 in women. Cancer mortality is the second commonest cause of death in both genders. Age-adjusted cancer mortality (in those aged 45-74 years) increased slightly in men until 1979 and then remained stable. In women, it remained stable until 1991 and then started to decline.The eradication of malaria and rheumatic fever, the decrease in infectious diseases, the improvement of the medical care system and the rise of the population's socio-economic level achieved during the last five decades in Greece have reduced all-cause mortality. On the other hand, the changes in lifestyle (lack of physical exercise, new dietary habits) have resulted in a higher IHD mortality. However, this increase is less than would be expected, taking into account the rise in blood cholesterol levels and the high prevalence of smoking. The recent small decline in IHD mortality is probably attributable to better treatment of IHD rather than to preventive measures.