IS Applications Research Articles

Metal–Polymer Joining by Additive Manufacturing: Effect of Printing Parameters and Interlocking Design

Additive manufacturing has a strong potential to produce sound metal–polymer joints using controlled polymer deposition on a metallic substrate. In this way, this study aimed to explore the morphological and mechanical properties of metal–polymer joints produced through material-extrusion-based AM using a pin-based macro-mechanical interlocking mechanism. Joints were fabricated with polylactic acid deposited onto a heated aluminium alloy substrate to form the connection. The optimisation process was focused on improving the printing parameters and pin geometries to reduce voids and enhance joint integrity. The results indicate that optimised samples exhibit superior mechanical resistance, achieving a maximum load improvement with an overall strength increase of 368.97% compared to non-optimised joints. A combined pin geometry (50% cylindrical, 50% conical) was found to be the most effective. Morphological analysis confirmed uniform polymer deposition, ensuring reliable joint performance. These findings underscore the critical role of geometric optimisation in enhancing the strength and durability of metal–polymer joints in AM applications.

Dissipation of AM Nitrification Inhibitor in Soil Supplemented with Organic Amendments

ABSTRACT To examine the effect of organic amendments on the dissipation and nitrification inhibition activity of 2-amino 4-chloro 6-methyl pyrimidine (AM), a laboratory study was conducted on a sandy loam soil (Typic Hapludoll) receiving no organic amendments (Control) or application of farmyard manure (FYM) or pine needles biochar (PNB) @ 5 t ha−1. Dissipation of AM was initially faster during the first 7 d, and then it slowed down. Dissipation kinetics of AM conformed to the first-order model (R2 values = 0.973 to 0.981, significant at p ≤ .01). The conventionally estimated time for the dissipation of half the amount of initially detected AM (half-life) was 15.9, 23.6, and 12.1 d for the control, FYM, and PNB treatments, respectively. All treatments receiving AM had numerically lower NO3 −–N concentrations compared to no AM but significantly lower NO3 −–N concentrations were recorded under, especially the PNB + AM treatment at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 d. The higher effectiveness of AM under PNB could be attributed to the sorption of AM in the micro-pores of PNB with slower release. Percent distribution of sorbed AM onto FYM and PNB revealed that desorption of sorbed AM from PNB was comparatively very limited. FTIR spectra revealed that both FYM and PNB strongly retained AM. Application of AM @1 mg kg−1 soil (equivalent to 2.24 kg ha−1) seems to effectively retard the nitrification of urea in soil amended with PNB and help reduce the leaching losses of NO3 −–N in agriculture.

Strategic Business Planning for Information Systems to Improve Public Health Services

The system management strategy plays a vital role in maintaining profitability to achieve revenue with a strategic plan that starts in all sectors of life to replace conventional technology-based services. This study aims to improve public health services through hospital environmental conditions so that performance increases and provides added value to increase the hospital's competitive advantage. There are several systems that need to be optimized, so it is necessary to group data with the ease of application systems. The study uses a descriptive descriptive approach with IS business strategy methods, internal and external environmental analysis, SWOT analysis, and McFarlan Strategic Grid analysis on IS applications. From the results of the research that has been done, IS planning is influential in helping management make decisions about a policy in a hospital that is useful for evaluating IS applications that continue to change for the better in the future.

Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium Alloys: A Review.

Magnesium alloys, renowned for their lightweight yet high-strength characteristics, with exceptional mechanical properties, are highly coveted for numerous applications. The emergence of magnesium alloy additive manufacturing (Mg AM) has further propelled their popularity, offering advantages such as unparalleled precision, swift production rates, enhanced design freedom, and optimized material utilization. This technology holds immense potential in fabricating intricate geometries, complex internal structures, and performance-tailored microstructures, enabling groundbreaking applications. In this paper, we delve into the core processes and pivotal influencing factors of the current techniques employed in Mg AM, including selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), binder jetting (BJ), friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM), and indirect additive manufacturing (I-AM). Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) excels in precision but is limited by a low deposition rate and chamber size; WAAM offers cost-effectiveness, high efficiency, and scalability for large components; BJ enables precise material deposition for customized parts with environmental benefits; FSAM achieves fine grain sizes, low defect rates, and potential for precision products; and I-AM boasts a high build rate and industrial adaptability but is less studied recently. This paper attempts to explore the possibilities and challenges for future research in AM. Among them, two issues are how to mix different AM applications and how to use the integration of Internet technologies, machine learning, and process modeling with AM, which are innovative breakthroughs in AM.

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING – NEW TRENDS AND MARKET ANALYSIS

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer‐controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by deposing materials, usually in layers. The improvement of the techniques of AM (decrease of deposition time and/or decrease of the cost of the solution) is leading to an increase of the competitiveness of the solution and therefore the use of additive manufacturing in different applications, namely Civil/Structural Engineering application, is increasing significantly. In this study, a market trend analysis along with some examples of possible applications of AM in different fields of construction is addressed.

Productivity Gains Broaden AM Applications

In this article, Marc Gardon, EMEA AM applications manager at Renishaw Iberica, explains to Machinery how productivity gains are unlocking new AM applications

Importance of feedstock powder selection for mechanical properties improvement of cold spray additively manufactured Ti6Al4V deposits

CSAM (cold spray additive manufacturing) of Ti6Al4V is a challenging task and high-quality deposits conforming to the AM application standards have not been developed so far. In our study, two distinct feedstock Ti6Al4V powders with different morphology and microstructure, spherical and crystalline, were used and their influence on the deposits was investigated in terms of microstructure as well as tensile properties. The results indicate the mechanical strength and ductility of the as-deposited samples to be in the range of 8–30 % compared to wrought Ti6Al4V and highlight a significant anisotropy in different in-plane directions. The post-treatments of the deposits from the spherical, plasma atomized powder effectively reduced the porosity and triggered microstructural homogenization and recrystallization, leading to a significant increase in the yield and tensile strengths, reaching 892 MPa and 954 MPa, respectively, while achieving an enormous enhancement in the elongation to 21.6 % at the same time. This was in a striking contrast to the deposits from the crystalline powder: despite the yield and tensile strength increase to 853 MPa and 1058 MPa, respectively, the elongation remained virtually zero, highlighting the importance of the feedstock powder selection in cold spray additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V.

Predictive binder jet additive manufacturing enabled by clean burn-off binder design

Binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) presents an avenue for advanced manufacturing of various high-value materials due to high deposition rates, scalability, and geometric flexibility. However, conventional organic binders in BJAM introduce residual carbon upon pyrolysis, often leading to imprecise alloy composition in the final sintered part. The undesirable residual carbon from binder burn-off limits the application of BJAM for high-performance alloys due to their high sensitivity to carbon addition. In this study, we have designed poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VAc) as a clean burn-off binder for BJAM, where excess oxygen groups in VAc enable cleaner burn-off and reduce residual carbon retention. Compared to a widely used commercial binder, the optimized PVP-VAc binder reduced residual carbon retention by over 90% in H13 tool steel. The significant reduction in residual carbon enables predictable printing and subsequent sintering of complex H13 tool steel geometries, an alloy known to have substantial challenges around distortion due to the sintering window shifting from carbon addition. The design of a clean burnout binder provides a major path forward for BJAM by enabling new AM designs and applications for composition-sensitive high-performance alloys, such as nickel-based superalloys, titanium alloys, and high alloyed steels.

Heat treatment and tensile test of 3D-printed parts manufactured at different build orientations

Abstract Additive manufacturing has been gaining popularity in many industries and has made significant growth over the last 5 years. Many industries use additive manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce complex shape objects that is a challenge to be manufactured by casting or conventional methods. In this study, the impact of heat treatment and build orientation is examined for the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed parts. The study used samples constructed of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which is frequently used in AM applications. The parts were printed at various build orientations such as 0°, 45°, and 90°. Following printing, the samples underwent four distinct heat-treatments at 0, 700, 800, and 900°C. The variation in mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain-stress, and tensile strength) has been monitored to determine the best heat treatment and tilt orientation to obtain the best mechanical properties. These findings provide a systematic analysis and support the 3D printing of the parts used with a desired mechanical strength.

Effects of exogenous brassinolide and AM fungi on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme system of Leymus chinensis under salt and alkali stress

Salinity and alkali stresses are a major abiotic stress negatively affecting crop productivity around the globe. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop the effective measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of these stresses for ensuring sustainable crop productivity and food security. Therefore, a pot experiment determined the effects of brassinolide application, inoculation with AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) and their combined use on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Leymus chinensis under saline-alkali stress (0, 150 mmol/L). The mechanism of the two to alleviate the saline-alkali stress of L. chinensis was explored. The physiological and biochemical indexes of Leymus chinensis were significantly affected under saline-alkali stress (150 mmol/L). Inoculation of AM fungi and application of brassinolide effectively increased the biomass accumulation in the upper part (∼ 25-40%) and root (15-35%) system of L. chinensis under saline-alkali stress. Further AMF also improved photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b), photosynthetic rate (Pn), Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomata conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll fluorescence antioxidant enzymes (SOD: superoxide dismutase. CAT: catalase APX: ascorbate peroxidase, GR: Glutathione reductase) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA: ∼ 40-50%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: ∼ 30-40%) accumulation. Therefore, under saline-alkali stress conditions, the combination of brassinolide and AM fungi proved better to mitigate their toxic effects.

Graph based routing algorithm for torus topology and its evaluation for the Angara interconnect

Several approaches and techniques exist to resolve load balancing problem in general and torus topology networks. Graph methods are natural ways to perform balancing of routing paths. A routing balancing algorithm must operate within the constraints of the underlying network architecture that limits several parameters, such as the number of logical paths in the network. In this paper, we consider a torus topology that is one of the common topologies that are used in high performance computing systems. We introduce a routing graph that corresponds to a interconnect topology, abstracts interconnect routing rules, providing one-to-one correspondence of network routes and graph paths. We propose a deadlock-free routing algorithm based on a fast single-source shortest path algorithm in a routing graph for the deterministic routing of a torus topology interconnect with a single virtual channel. The proposed algorithm is a tradeoff between two existing routing algorithms, also the algorithm is optimized for multidimensional torus topology and can be applied to any torus topology HPC system. We present a complete description of a routing graph that abstracts the Angara interconnect with 4D torus topology. We evaluated the proposed routing algorithm and benchmarked the maximum performance improvement of 71% for the Alltoall pattern for torus topology systems up to 432 nodes on the Angara interconnect simulator. The performance improvement of more than 5% was obtained for the NPB FT and IS application kernels on a 32-node supercomputer.

WORK IN PROGRESS: DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL KIT FOR TEACHING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is a unique manufacturing technology that is being rapidly accepted in various industries, leading to increased demand for experts who know to work with AM and how to design AM products. This led to a broader adaptation of AM in an educational context with various research on how to teach AM. However, most approaches are focused on teaching advanced AM application and Design for AM (DfAM), including both restrictive and opportunistic approaches, with little attention to specialised educational tools to show and teach the basic principle, possibilities and characteristics of AM. This paper presents the development of an Educational Kit for AM to address the gap and help teachers to explain the basics of AM, with a current focus on the material extrusion process. The Educational Kit is made of 17 models and accompanied cards explaining the essential characteristics of AM through short textual explanations, graphics, examples and manufacturing data. The Educational Kit for AM is intended to be used in introductory lessons on AM, so the novices in AM can quickly grasp the characteristics of AM and the basic terms used in AM before advancing to other AM and DfAM topics.

Comparative Study of Building Response on Adoption of NBC105: 2020 and IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016

Nepal suffered a massive loss of life and property from Gorkha Earthquake in 2015AD. Many building structures were either partially or fully damaged and most affected were classic buildings and monuments which were constructed without any design consideration and didn't pose any resistance during the earthquake. After, a broad study and hazard analysis of earthquakes, the Nepal government concluded that the construction methods needed to be revised. The first building regulation in 1994AD known as NBC: 105: 1994 was drafted after the earthquake in 1988 in the eastern part of Nepal. Moreover IS 1893 (Part 1) and IS 13920 codes are still used widely for earthquake resistance design and detailing. But now the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) has introduced an updated building code of practice NBC 105: 2020 for earthquake-resistant design. In this paper, an effort is done to analyse and compare the effects on buildings of 2-Storey and 3-Storey under the application of IS and NBC code. Equivalent static analysis was carried out with the help of ETABS v19.1.0 and the parameters like base shear, storey displacement and storey drift under both codes are compared. The analysis result shows that the response of building subjected to NBC: 105: 2020 exhibits higher storey responses compared to IS 1893: 2016. Also, the NBC code demands a higher percentage of reinforcement requirements compared to IS code.

Synergistic Effect of a Plant-Derived Protein Hydrolysate and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Eggplant Grown in Open Fields: A Two-Year Study

Plant biostimulants, such as plant protein hydrolysates (PHs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM), are natural products capable of increasing the yield and quality of crops and decreasing the ecological impact of plant growing cycles. However, there is little research on the mutual application of different categories of biostimulants (microbial and non-microbial). The current study was conducted to examine the effects of “Trainer” PH application (0 or 3 mL L−1) and AM (R. irregularis) inoculation on the growth, yield, quality and nitrogen indices of ”Birgah” F1 eggplant cultivated for two years (2020 and 2021). Results revealed that the combined application of PH and AM significantly enhanced total and marketable yields, average marketable fruit weight and number of marketable fruits by 23.7%, 36.4%, 19.0% and 11.1% compared to non-treated plants (control), respectively. Moreover, biostimulants increased the soluble solids content (SSC), chlorogenic acid, total anthocyanins, K and Mg in the fruits by 16%, 4.6%, 6.4%, 8.6% and 23.9% compared to control plants, respectively. Interestingly, the mutual application of PH and AM improved fruit quality by reducing the glycoalkaloid concentration (−19.8%) and fruit browning potential (−38%). Furthermore, both biostimulants exerted a synergistic action, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency by 26.7% and 18.75%, respectively. On the other hand, productive and fruit-quality features were significantly influenced by the year due to remarkable differences in terms of maximum temperature between the first and second cultivation cycles. Overall, our research underlined that PH and AM can positively interact to improve the performance of eggplant cultivated in open fields.

Examination of Electronically Mismatched Diels-Alder Reaction by Online Mass Spectrometry.

Electronically mismatched Diels-Alder reactions have gained much interests as an alternative pathway for C-C bond formation. To faciliate the development of facile organic transformations, mechanistic investigations are required. Spectroscopic methods (NMR, EPR and UV-Vis) are normally adopted for mechainism examinations, but further improvements on direct obtaining of structural information of short-lived intermediates are encouraged. Herein, an electronically mismatched Diels-Alder reaction between indole and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (1,3-CHD) was studied by an in situ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (in-situ MS). Based on the direct sampling and detection of the in-situ MS without sample pre-treatment, the structures and dynamics of important intermediates were on-line examined. A syringe-based photocatalytic reactor and in-situ AMS evaluation system was constructed for mechanism studies. The role of oxygen was confirmed via control reaction employed in the N2 -bubbled system. The stepwise cation radical-based pathway and the [2+2] cycloaddition process were determined through a series of experiments, including solvent evaluation, MS/MS experiments and dynamic monitoring. The dependence of the reaction on solvent polarity demonstrated that the reaction occurs via the formation of cation radicals, which were captured, identified and dynamically monitored via in situ ESI MS. Without pre-separation, the intermediate of [2+2] cycloaddition was identifiedand the cycloaddition process is thereby determined to be the combination of [4+2] cycloaddition and [2+2] cycloaddition. In addition, oxygen was proved to act as an electron mediator for both catalyst Ru (bpz)3 (PF6 )2 and radical cations. The mechanism of electronically mismatched Diels-Alder reaction was successfully deduced by in-situ MS associated with a syringe-based photocatalytic reactor. The structures and dynamics of cation radicals, the effect of O2 for the reaction and the detailed process of [2+2] cycloaddition have been well demonstrated. This work could not only promote the understanding and development of facile photocatalytic transformations, but also enlarge the application of AMS in on-line monitoring.

Adoption of additive manufacturing in oral and maxillofacial surgery among university and non-university hospitals in Sweden: findings from a nationwide survey

PurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative printing technology that can manufacture 3-dimensional solid objects by adding layers of material from model data. AM in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) provides several clinical applications such as surgical guides and implants. However, the adoption of AM in OMFS is not well covered. The purpose was to study the adoption of AM in OMFS in university and non-university hospitals in Sweden. Three research questions were addressed: What is the degree of using AM solutions in university and non-university hospitals?; What are AM solutions used?; How are the AM solutions accessed (production mode) in university hospitals and non-university hospitals?MethodsA survey was distributed to OMF surgeons in Sweden. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions. Data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis.ResultsA total of 14 university and non-university hospitals were captured. All 14 hospitals have adopted AM technology and 11 of the hospitals adopted AM in OMFS. Orthognathic and trauma surgery are two major types of surgery that involve AM technology where material extrusion and vat polymerization are the two most used AM technologies in OMFS. The primary application of AM was in medical models and guides.ConclusionMajority of Swedish university hospitals and non-university hospitals have adopted AM in OMFS. The type of hospital (university or non-university hospital) has no impact on AM adoption. AM in OMFS in Sweden can be perceived to be a mature clinical application.

Patch clamp study of benzydamine effect over neuronal excitability on inflammation sensitized rat nociceptors.

Benzydamine (BZ) is an active principle with local anti-inflammatory effect and analgesic properties widely used in oral affections. BZ mechanism of action has been deeply characterized on inflammatory cell types and mediators, highlighting its capacity to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediator's synthesis and release. Nevertheless, its pharmacological action as analgesic has been slightly explored, even more in inflammatory condition, and a more precise understanding of its action at single cell level is needed. To better understand BZ effect on isolated nociceptors, single cell neuronal activity was studied by patch clamp after acute or chronic inflammatory sensitization. Consequently, DRG nociceptors were challenged either by 5-minutes or 24-hours incubation with an inflammatory soup (IS - containing histamine, serotonin, ATP and PGE2), or BZ, or simultaneously with IS and BZ. BZ acute application demonstrated a decrease in action potential firing frequency supported also by rheobase increase and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude increase. Acute BZ application simultaneously with IS, limited neuronal sensitization contrary to the effect observed after IS application alone, which increased twice the action potential firing frequency. Moreover, chronic incubation of BZ tended to protect neurons against inflammatory sensitization. These results reinforce a previous MEA study, demonstrating a reduction of neuronal excitability elicited by inflammatory mediators after BZ use.As a conclusion we hypothesize that the observed decrease in firing frequency and rheobase increase could be related to the direct inhibition of Nav 1.8 and 1.9 channels, while the changes in AHP could relate with HCN or Kv7 channels modulation. An action via proalgesic channels like ASIC or TRP, sensitized by the inflammatory environment, cannot be excluded. Overall results reinforce the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of benzydamine, supporting the complementary action of the compound on local pain signalling and inflammatory conditions.

Plasma spheroidisation and characterisation of commercial titanium grade 5 powder for use in metal additive manufacturing

Low density, high strength, high corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility are some of the attractive characteristics of parts produced through additive manufacturing from Ti6Al4V powder. This alpha-beta alloy is the workhorse of the titanium industry, and it is applied for manufacturing of structural components of aircraft, hydraulic systems, engine components, helicopter rotor blades, rockets and spacecraft. In the study presented in this paper, a plasma spheroidisation process was used to develop spherical powder from irregularly shaped commercial titanium Grade 5 powder. Properties of the powder relevant to metal additive manufacturing, namely particle shape and size, chemical composition, flow characteristics and density, were determined to establish the usability of the developed powder. It was concluded that plasma spheroidisation of irregularly shaped Ti6Al4V Grade 5 powder for AM application was feasible for powder size ranges between 45 and 150 μm, because the oxygen content did not increase for size fractions in this range.

A Synergic Approach of Deep Learning towards Digital Additive Manufacturing: A Review

Deep learning and additive manufacturing have progressed together in the previous couple of decades. Despite being one of the most promising technologies, they have several flaws that a collaborative effort may address. However, digital manufacturing has established itself in the current industrial revolution and it has slowed down quality control and inspection due to the different defects linked with it. Industry 4.0, the most recent industrial revolution, emphasizes the integration of intelligent production systems and current information technologies. As a result, deep learning has received a lot of attention and has been shown to be quite effective at understanding image data. This review aims to provide a cutting-edge deep learning application of the AM approach and application. This article also addresses the current issues of data privacy and security and potential solutions to provide a more significant dimension to future studies.

ANALISIS PERENCANAAN STRATEGS SISTEM INFORMASI DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK WARD DAN PEPPARD STUDI KASUS: FAKULTAS KOMPUTER UMITRA INDONESIA

AbstractThree main objectives of the application of IS / IT in an organization. First, improve work efficiency by automating various processes that manage information. Second, improve management effectiveness by satisfying information needs for decision making. Third, improve competitiveness or improve organizational competitive advantage by changing the style and way of doing business. These three goals can be achieved optimally if there is a guarantee of alignment between the IS / IT strategy and the organization's business strategy, where later the business strategy will provide direction for achieving an organizational goal, and the IS / IT strategy will provide support to the achievement of the organization's goals through the preparation of IT infrastructure in accordance with the organization's business strategy. To determine IS / IT strategies that can support the achievement of the organization's vision and mission, it is necessary to understand the organization's business strategy through IS / IT strategic planning, which will be explained through the stages of IS / IT strategic planning based on the Ward and Peppard methodology.