Irritable Bowel Syndrome In Adolescents Research Articles

Hypermobility spectrum disorders and irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide study of 1.6 million adolescents.

The association between hypermobility spectrum disorders/hypermobile type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (HDS/hEDS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is yet to be clarified. We aimed to assess this association in a national sample of adolescents. A population-based cross-sectional study included 1627345 Israeli adolescents (58% male; mean age 17years) who were medically assessed before compulsory military service during 1998-2020. Diagnoses of HSD/hEDS and IBS were confirmed by board-certified specialists. The prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) for IBS in adolescents with and without HSD/hEDS were computed. A total of 4686 adolescents (2553 male) with HSD/hEDS were identified, of whom 71 were diagnosed with IBS (prevalence=1.5%). Of the 1621721 adolescents in the control group, 8751 were diagnosed with IBS (prevalence=0.5%). Unadjusted logistic regression revealed a significant association between HSD/hEDS and IBS (OR=2.16 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.90-2.45]), which persisted in multivariable adjusted models (OR=2.58 [95% CI, 2.02-3.24]), and in several sensitivity analyses. The association was evident in both male and female adolescents with ORs of 2.60 (95% CI, 1.87-3.49), and 2.46 (95% CI, 1.66-3.49), respectively. The association was accentuated in a sensitivity analysis accounting for other medical and psychiatric comorbidities. We found a significant association between HSD/hEDS and IBS in both male and female adolescents. Clinical awareness of the association can promote early diagnosis of IBS and appropriate multidisciplinary treatment. Further research is required to identify the common pathological pathways of the conditions and to develop new IBS treatment strategies for people with HSD/hEDS.

Parasympathetic control of gastrointestinal motility and cross-branch actions of parasympathetic neuromodulation.

Parasympathetic control of gastrointestinal motility and cross-branch actions of parasympathetic neuromodulation.

Prevalence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children and adults. The IBS is diagnosed by symptoms that fulfill the Rome IV criteria. This condition can impact quality of life, especially in adolescents.
 Objectives To investigate the prevalence of IBS in high school students and analyze its risk factors.
 Methods This cross-sectional study was done with e-questionnaires from Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire on Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (R4PDQ). Students from high school and occupational schools age 14 to 18-years-old in Jakarta were included in this study. Possible risk factors for IBS were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test for bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.
 Results Of 210 subjects, 10 (4.8%) had IBS. The IBS-M and IBS-C subtypes were more common than IBS-D. Gastrointestinal infection history was significantly associated with IBS (OR 7.1; 95%CI 1.7 to 29.3; P=0.013). Other factors such as gender, corporal punishment, asthma, spicy and fatty food consumption, as well as socioeconomic status were not significantly associated with IBS (P>0.05). 
 Conclusion The prevalence of IBS in adolescents is 4.8%. History of gastrointestinal infection is a risk factor for IBS.

Association between abuse and neglect with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents

Objectives To evaluate the association between violence exposure, abuse, and neglect victimization with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents. Methods Observational cross-sectional case–control study conducted with adolescents from two public schools in the municipality of Osasco, metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire validated for Brazilian Portuguese Child Abuse Screening Tools – Children’s version (ICAST-C) was used to screen the different types of violence. The definition of functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome was performed using the Rome IV criteria for adolescents. Parents or legal guardians completed the questionnaire for socioeconomic assessment and signed the informed consent form. Results 265 students aged 11–17 years, 157 females, were evaluated. Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were found in 74 (27.9%) of the 265 adolescents. Violence exposure was found in 82.6% of the 265 screened adolescents, physical abuse in 91.3%, psychological abuse in 93.2%, sexual abuse in 12.1%, and neglect in 53.6%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed an association (p < .05) between functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with violence exposure (OR = 2.77), physical abuse (OR = 2.17), psychological abuse (OR = 2.95), and neglect (OR= 2.31). There was no association with sexual abuse. Conclusions Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were associated with violence exposure, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect in adolescent students from public schools. No association was found with sexual abuse. Further studies are necessary to investigate the causal relationship between violence and functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Sleep Disturbance in Adolescents.

IntroductionSleep disorder in adolescents is a problem that is rarely considered by both parents and healthcare professionals. Ignorance of sleep disorders is likely caused by the very rare occurrence of associated sporadic or emergency cases. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in the defecation pattern. Previous research has demonstrated IBS as one of the many causes of sleep disorders. Difficulty sleeping, frequent awakening, and difficulty returning to sleep after awakening are the symptoms often experienced by adolescents with IBS. The high incidence of IBS in adolescents and the large proportion of sleep disorders in IBS affect the quality of life and disrupt physical development, behaviour, and learning achievement. The relationship between IBS and sleep disorders in adolescents needs to be studied. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep disorders and IBS in high school adolescents in Palembang.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted on 294 high school adolescents in Palembang in June 2018. Random sampling method was used and the presence of IBS and sleep disturbances were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsAmong all subjects, we found 113 subjects (38.4%) with IBS. Of these 113 subjects with IBS, only 60 subjects (53.1%) experienced sleep disorders.ConclusionNo correlation found between sleep disorders and IBS in adolescents.

Irritable bowel syndrome in Indonesian adolescents

ObjectiveIrritable bowel syndrome is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder. The aims of this study were to investigate its epidemiology, focusing on the role of intestinal mucosal integrity and to evaluate the impact on the quality of life. MethodsA community-based survey applying a comparative cross sectional approach was conducted in six high schools in Palembang. Subjects were recruited using multistage random sampling divided in two groups. Rome III criteria were used to establish a diagnosis of IBS in combination with a questionnaire to determine risk factors. Determination of fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin and calprotectin levels was performed to determine impaired intestinal mucosal integrity. A questionnaire was used to evaluate how quality of life was affected by irritable bowel syndrome. ResultsThe survey was performed in 454 14−18years old adolescents, of whom 30.2% fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS, with the following subtypes: 36.5% diarrhea, 18.9% constipation, 21.9% mixed, and 22.6% unclassified. Major risk factors were female gender, bullying, age 14–16 years, history of constipation and diarrhea, eating nuts, and drinking coffee, tea, and soft drinks. There was a significant association with intestinal inflammation (p=0.013). A significantly impaired quality of life was found (p=0.001). ConclusionsThe prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents was high, with bullying, female gender, age 14–16 years, constipation and diarrhea, and dietary consumption of soft drinks, coffee, and tea as risk factors. A significant association with intestinal inflammation was found.

The association of trace elements with premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents

ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS), primary dysmenorrhea (PD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common complaints in women of reproductive age. Trace element status may be associated with the development of these disorders but the current data are unclear. The present study focused on the relationship between serum and dietary copper and zinc with some common physical and psychosomatic conditions among young females. Study designThis cross-sectional study comprised 448 adolescent girls who were classified into four groups: individuals with PMS (n = 67), PD (n = 161), both PMS and PD (n = 146), and normal (n = 74). IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III questionnaire. Flame atomic absorption (Varian AA240FS) was used to measure serum zinc and copper. Food intake of micronutrients was estimated using a three-day dietary record. ResultsThere was a significant difference in the frequency of IBS across the four corresponding groups as the percentage of subjects. The prevalence of IBS was significantly higher in the PD group [PMS (13.6%), PD (19.9%), both PMS and PD (17.4%) and normal (8.1%); P value < 0.05]. There was no significant differences between the mean values for serum and dietary intake of zinc and copper among four groups (p value > 0.05). Although, the mean dietary zinc intake was significantly lower in subjects with IBS (6.7 ± 2.8 mg/day) versus those without IBS (7.9 ± 3.1 mg/ day, p = 0.032). ConclusionGirls with IBS were found to have significantly higher rates of gynecological symptoms, including PD and PMS. The lower dietary intake of zinc in subjects with IBS indicate a need for greater attention towards dietary patterns in these individuals.

Internet-Delivered Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain or Functional Dyspepsia: A Feasibility Study

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are common in adolescents and associated with low quality of life. Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficient for adult and adolescent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but has never been evaluated for adolescent FAP/FD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a novel disorder-specific Internet-delivered CBT (Internet-CBT) for adolescents with FAP or FD, using an uncontrolled open pilot including 31 adolescents. The Internet-CBT consisted of 10 weekly online modules, which focused mainly on exposure to abdominal symptoms. Parents received modules to help them reduce unhelpful parental behaviors. Participants reported the treatment to be credible, and an overall satisfaction with the treatment. Data attrition rate was low (7%) and adherence to treatment was acceptable. We saw a significant and large effect on the primary outcome, pain intensity, at posttreatment (d = 1.20, p < .001) that was further improved after 6 months (d = 1.69, p < .001). Participants also made significant and large improvements on gastrointestinal symptoms (d = 0.84, p < .001) and quality of life (d = 0.84, p < .001) that were sustained or further improved at follow-up 6 months after treatment. This study demonstrated that exposure-based Internet-CBT, tailored for adolescents with FAP or FD, is a feasible treatment that potentially improves pain intensity, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life.

Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children With Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Feasibility Study.

BackgroundPain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (P-FGIDs; eg, irritable bowel syndrome) are highly prevalent in children and associated with low quality of life, anxiety, and school absence. Treatment options are scarce, and there is a need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (Internet-CBT) based on exposure exercises is effective for adult and adolescent irritable bowel syndrome, but it has not been evaluated for younger children.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess acceptability, feasibility, and potential clinical efficacy of Internet-CBT for children with P-FGIDs.MethodsThis was a feasibility study with a within-group design. We included 31 children aged 8-12 years and diagnosed with P-FGID, according to the ROME III criteria. Mean duration of abdominal symptoms at baseline was 3.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.6). The treatment was therapist-guided and consisted of 10 weekly modules of exposure-based Internet-CBT. The children were instructed to provoke abdominal symptoms in a graded manner and to engage in previously avoided activities. The parents were taught to decrease their attention to their children’s pain behaviors and to reinforce and support their work with the exposures. Assessments included treatment satisfaction, subjective treatment effect, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and school absence. Data were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. Means, standard errors (SEs), and Cohen d effect sizes were estimated based on multi-level linear mixed models.ResultsMost children 25/31 (81%) completed 9 or 10 of the 10 treatment modules. Almost all children, 28/31 (90%), reported that the treatment had helped them to deal more effectively with their symptoms, and 27/31 (87%) children declared that their symptoms had improved during the treatment. Assessments from the parents were in accordance with the children’s reports. No child or parent reported that the symptoms had worsened. We observed a large within-group effect size on the primary outcome measure, child-rated gastrointestinal symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment (Cohen d=1.14, P<.001, 95% CI 0.69-1.61), and this effect size was maintained at 6-month follow-up (Cohen d=1.40, P<.001, 95% CI 1.04-1.81). We also observed significant improvements from pretreatment to posttreatment on a wide range of child- and parent-rated measures including quality of life, pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and school absence. All results remained stable or were further improved at 6-month follow-up.ConclusionsThis study shows that children with longstanding P-FGIDs, and their parents, perceive exposure-based Internet-CBT as a helpful and feasible treatment. The included children improved significantly despite a long duration of abdominal symptoms before the intervention. The treatment shows potential to be highly effective for P-FGIDs. The results need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents in Lagos.

Introductionirritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) which has been well described in western populations especially as the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) amongst children in western Nigeria and increase the aware ness of IBS amongst physicians who manage children with abdominal pain.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst children aged 10-18 years in 8 schools located in two local government areas of Lagos state. A multistage stratified random-sampling survey was conducted using the validated Rome III criteria to assess for IBS and associated risk factors. The subtypes of IBS and associated extra-intestinal symptoms were also documented.ResultsThe prevalence of IBS was 16.0% in the study participants and the prevalence decreased with increasing age (p=0.05). Sixty two (62.5%) of the students with recurrent abdominal pain had IBS. IBS was more prevalent in the females compared to the males (p=0.000). The significant risk factors for IBS identified were gender (p=0.000), socioeconomic status (p=0.001) and past history of gastroenteritis (p=0.011). The commonest subtype of IBS seen was the alternating subtype.ConclusionIBS is prevalent in African children. Physicians who attend to children need to have a high index of suspicion for IBS in children who present with abdominal pain when there are no alarm symptoms. The need for further longitudinal studies in African children cannot be overemphasized.

The impact of parental‐rearing styles on irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents: A school‐based study

A strong association between family function and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been observed. Parental rearing styles, as a comprehensive mark for family function, may provide new clues to the etiology of IBS. This study aimed to explore which dimensions of parental rearing styles were risk factors or protective factors for IBS in adolescents. Two thousand three hundred twenty adolescents were recruited from one middle school and one high school randomly selected from Jiangan District (an urban district in Wuhan City). Data were collected using two Chinese versions of validated self-report questionnaires including the Rome III diagnostic criteria for pediatric IBS and the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran: One's Memories of Upbringing for perceived parental rearing styles. Ninety-six subjects diagnosed as pediatric IBS were compared with 1618 controls. The IBS patients reported less both paternal and maternal emotional warmth (all P < 0.01) and more both paternal and maternal punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection (only for father) (all P < 0.01) than the controls. Furthermore, the IBS patients had higher total scores of parental rearing styles (all P < 0.001) than the controls. With univariate logistic regression, standardized regression coefficients and odds ratios of parental rearing variables were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that paternal rejection (P = 0.001) and maternal overinterference (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for IBS in adolescents. Parental emotional warmth is a protective factor for IBS in adolescents and parental punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection are risk factors for IBS in adolescents.

524 Recognizing the “Crisis Year” in Adolescent Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS); An Effective Program That Can Reduce Healthcare Utilization

524 Recognizing the “Crisis Year” in Adolescent Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS); An Effective Program That Can Reduce Healthcare Utilization

Functional gastrointestinal diseases in children: Facing the rising tide

However, looking at the overall picture, this study suggests that use of romiplostim is safe and effective as it raised platelet count in 33/35 of the patients, with the majority peaking platelet count between two to three weeks since the first peptide injection. This may help raise platelet counts in CHC patients undergoing antiviral treatment. Currently, most of adverse effects of antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and protease inhibitors, such as anemia, leucopenia, fever, body ache, etc can be managed with supportive treatment such as erythropoietin, G-CSF injection, paracetamol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Yet no good treatment exists for thrombcyopenia. This study brings hope for CHC patients with thrombocytopenia who are in need of antiviral treatment. Understandingly, this is a phase II study, and the authors rightly caution in the concluding paragraph that further studies in larger group of patients over a longer period of time are warranted in defining the optimal treatment schedule and dosage of romiplostim. Nevertheless, studies on romiplostim will be closely watched by hepatologists like me, as this may bring hope to many patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis from CHC who are excluded from current antiviral treatment due to pre-existing thrombocytopenia.

An epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents and children in South China: a school‐based study

To explore the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among school-aged children in South China, and identify distribution characteristics and contributing factors. Primary, middle and high school students (n= 2013) were recruited from schools in Shanghai. Students completed two questionnaires, one for IBS in adolescents and children and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). (1) The prevalence of IBS among students was 20.72% and the incidence increased with age. (2) Several physical factors and overuse of analgesics were significantly associated with IBS. (3) The prevalence of anxiety disorder was higher in older students, and in females vs. males. Students with IBS tended towards anxiety-related emotional disorders (38.14% vs. 18.96%). (4) IBS students scored higher in all SCARED categories. Within IBS students, those who frequently sought medical care reported higher scores in the somatization/panic category. (1) Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder among adolescents in South China and prevalence increases with age. (2) Gastrointestinal infection, abuse of analgesics and psychological factors might be related to the incidence of IBS. (3) The tendency towards anxiety-related emotional disorders also increases with age, suggesting a possible correlation with IBS and underlining the importance of positive family and school environments. Although the prevalence of anxiety-related emotional disorders was higher in females than males, this trend was not correlated with the occurrence of IBS.

Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Amitriptyline for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescents

Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Amitriptyline for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescents

Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Amitriptyline for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescents

To determine the efficacy of amitriptyline (AMI) in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adolescents. Adolescents 12 to 18 years with newly diagnosed IBS were surveyed with a symptom checklist, pain rating scale, visual analog scale, and IBS quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. Subjects were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive AMI or placebo, and again completed surveys at 2, 6, 10, and 13 weeks. Thirty-three patients (24 female) were enrolled. Patients receiving AMI were more likely to experience improvement from baseline in overall QOL at 6, 10, and 13 weeks (P = .019, .004, and .013). Patients receiving AMI were also more likely to experience a reduction in IBS-associated diarrhea at 6 and 10 weeks (P = .029 for both), a reduction in periumbilical pain at 10 weeks (P = .018), and a reduction in right lower quadrant pain at 6, 10, and 13 weeks (P = .014, .039, and .004). AMI significantly improves overall QOL in adolescents with IBS and should be a therapeutic option for adolescents with this disorder.

Risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents in China

To explore the risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among school adolescents in China. A stratified, randomized study by cluster sampling was conducted, which recruited 51,956 students from high and primary schools in Chinese cities. All students were requested to fill in a questionnaire. (1) Factors including class (odds ratio 1.12), excessive intake of pepper (odds ratio 1.17), fried (odds ratio 1.08) and starch-based foods (odds ratio 1.06), gastrointestinal tract infection (odds ratio 2.66), abuse of analgesic (odds ratio 1.49), inheritance (odds ratio 1.83), fatigue (odds ratio 1.32) and repression (odds ratio 1.45) were significantly associated with the presence of IBS (P < 0.05). High protein food (odds ratio 0.90) was a protective factor. Different food intake, gastrointestinal tract infection, abuse of analgesic, inheritance and psychological factors might be related to development of IBS in the students of the cities involved in this study.

Early Life Risk Factors That Contribute to Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that occurs in adults. The natural history of symptoms and risk factors that contribute to IBS may begin in childhood. The aim of this systematic review was to determine what early life factors contribute to the development of IBS in adolescents and adults. A computer-assisted search of the PubMed database from 1966 to 2007 was performed. The selection criteria were: (a) studies conducted in adolescents or adults with IBS that (b) investigate premorbid factors occurring specifically during the childhood period and are (c) associated with the outcomes of symptoms, quality of life, health-care utilization, and interferences with work or disability. Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria. The studies were categorized into articles examining the persistence of childhood gastrointestinal symptoms into adulthood, affluent childhood socioeconomic status and adult IBS, infantile and childhood trauma associated with the development of adult IBS, and social learning of illness behavior as predictors of adult IBS. Pediatricians should be aware of potentially modifiable childhood risk factors and should consider interventions such as early symptom management of recurrent functional abdominal pain with cognitive therapies and parent education about social learning of illness behavior. Early treatment may have a long-term impact. Research examining the effect of affluent childhood socioeconomic status and early childhood trauma in the evolution of functional gastrointestinal disorders may help identify causative factors of IBS.

Hypnotherapy for Children With Functional Abdominal Pain or Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent in childhood. A substantial proportion of patients continues to experience long-lasting symptoms. Gut-directed hypnotherapy (HT) has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of adult IBS patients. We undertook a randomized controlled trial and compared clinical effectiveness of HT with standard medical therapy (SMT) in children with FAP or IBS. Fifty-three pediatric patients, age 8-18 years, with FAP (n = 31) or IBS (n = 22), were randomized to either HT or SMT. Hypnotherapy consisted of 6 sessions over a 3-month period. Patients in the SMT group received standard medical care and 6 sessions of supportive therapy. Pain intensity, pain frequency, and associated symptoms were scored in weekly standardized abdominal pain diaries at baseline, during therapy, and 6 and 12 months after therapy. Pain scores decreased significantly in both groups: from baseline to 1 year follow-up, pain intensity scores decreased in the HT group from 13.5 to 1.3 and in the SMT group from 14.1 to 8.0. Pain frequency scores decreased from 13.5 to 1.1 in the HT group and from 14.4 to 9.3 in the SMT group. Hypnotherapy was highly superior, with a significantly greater reduction in pain scores compared with SMT (P < .001). At 1 year follow-up, successful treatment was accomplished in 85% of the HT group and 25% of the SMT group (P < .001). Gut-directed HT is highly effective in the treatment of children with longstanding FAP or IBS.

An Epidemiologic Study of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adolescents and Children in China: A School-Based Study

To explore the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its distribution characteristics of adolescents and children in China and its contributing factors. This study was a stratified, randomized study by clustering samples, which involved 5403 students whose age range was 6 to 18 years from 9 schools, and was conducted in Heilongjiang Province and Shanghai. All students studied were requested to fill in a questionnaire. IBS was diagnosed according to Rome II criteria. The prevalence of IBS according to Rome II criteria in adolescents and children in China was 13.25%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1:1.8. There was a higher prevalence (14.02%) of IBS in Heilongjiang province than that (11.72%) in Shanghai. The prevalence in children 12 years and younger was not statistically significantly higher than that of adolescents 13 years and older (11.86% and 11.44%, respectively). The prevalence of IBS in minority students (21.15%) was not statistically significantly higher than that in Han race students (16.08%). Our study indicated that psychological factors, food habit, bad exterior environment, personal habits, and family conditions might be important contributing factors, and exposure to coldness (odds ratio: 2.83) is most prominent. IBS was a common disorder in adolescents and children in China. The prevalence of IBS in adolescents and children was different in different geographic areas. Our study indicated that IBS in adolescents and children might have possible relations with psychological factors, food habit, bad exterior environment, and family condition.