Pulpal and periapical ailments, prevalent oral afflictions, result from irreversible perturbations to dental pulp caused by potent stimuli such as caries, trauma, or iatrogenic factors. Current treatments include root canal therapy and pulp revascularization, yet achieving complete pulp tissue regeneration remains challenging. Recent advancements in biomaterial science and tissue engineering have shifted focus towards employing diverse methodologies for restoring damaged tooth pulp. These include stem/progenitor cell populations, revascularization techniques, scaffolds, and material-based approaches. Notably, the identification of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has increased interest in stem cell-mediated pulp regeneration. Current research explores cell transplantation and homing strategies. Despite progress, challenges persist in preclinical and clinical applications. This narrative review assesses the current state of regenerative endodontics, emphasizing dental pulp regeneration techniques, including their advantages, drawbacks, and biological aspects such as DPSCs, biomaterials, and growth factors. Challenges and potential solutions are discussed to guide future clinical translation, offering insights for advancing regenerative endodontics.