Irregular Schedules Research Articles

Evaluating common supply air temperature setpoint reset strategies with varying occupancy patterns and behaviours

The supply air temperature (SAT) setpoint of a multi-zone variable air volume (VAV) air handling unit (AHU) systems significantly affects the system’s performance. ASHRAE Guideline 36 introduces a so-called trim and respond logic defining the SAT reset behaviour of these systems. The trim and respond logic for SAT reset relies on demand-based feedback. Many studies have assessed ASHRAE Guideline 36, however there is a literature gap in addressing the performance of the trim and respond SAT reset with varying occupancy patterns and behaviours. This paper studies four SAT reset strategies under different thermal preferences and irregular occupancy patterns: (1) constant 13°C SAT, (2) SAT reset based on outdoor air temperature (OAT), (3) trim and respond, and (4) trim and respond combined with OAT reset. Different cases of zone-level setpoints and irregular occupancy schedules have been simulated in EnergyPlus with the studied SAT setpoint reset methods. The results show that varying setpoints across different zones lead to higher energy use with all studied SAT reset strategies. The highest variation in energy use was accompanied with constant SAT, with a standard deviation of 16 kWh/m2, and the highest variation in averaged discomfort fraction was accompanied with OAT reset, with a standard deviation of 5.3%. Both trim and respond methods achieved better comfort results with varying setpoints. These findings establish a basis for future work on developing a SAT reset strategy that utilizes occupant-centric control (OCC) that optimally balances thermal comfort and energy use.

Optimizing Maritime Industry Management: An Innovative Leak Repair Technique for Ballast and Cargo Tanks

The operation of ships at sea involves various risks, including damage to the ship's structure, particularly to the ballast tanks and cargo tanks. Leaks in these tanks can cause significant financial losses, seriously impact the environment, and even threaten lives at sea. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the causes of leaks in ballast tanks and implement repair techniques used to address leaks in the ballast and cargo tanks on the vessel MT. Sepinggan. It also evaluates maintenance practices that include technical patching procedures and regular docking as part of ship management strategies. This research uses field research methods and literature studies with a qualitative descriptive approach, where the research sample is taken through purposive sampling with MT Sepinggan as the research object. The study shows leaks in the ballast tanks of MT. Sepinggan is caused by delayed docking and a lack of routine maintenance, which makes the tank plates thin and prone to leakage. Repair techniques, including patching procedures and regular docking schedules, have proven effective in addressing leaks and improving ship management. Limited funds and uncertainty of ship operational routes also resulted in irregular maintenance schedules.

Employee’s Security and Health Augmentation in the Hotel Sector

The vibrant and quick-paced environment that defines the hotel sector is defined by a strong emphasis on employee welfare. This study examines the various aspects of worker health and safety in the context of the hospitality sector with the goal of identifying problems, prevalent behaviors, and appropriate remedial measures. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of safety event data with qualitative interviews with important industry players. In-depth interviews with hotel managers, staff members, and safety specialists are conducted as part of the qualitative component to elucidate the myriad difficulties faced by hotel staff in upholding their health and safety. The effects of irregular work schedules and sleep patterns, workplace stress, and ergonomic considerations all emerge as major themes. The study also examines how well the current training and safety practices work, looking for flaws and potential improvement areas. The study examines historical safety event data from a wide range of hotels on the quantitative front. The goal of this analysis is to spot trends, prevalent accident causes, and geographic regions with a higher prevalence of safety concerns. The results offer a data-driven framework for creating focused interventions and preventive actions. The research also examines how technology can support initiatives to increase employee safety in hotels. We investigate the possibilities for real-time monitoring systems, wearable technology, and enhanced training simulations to improve safety awareness and reactivity. A series of suggestions for enhancing employee health and safety in the hotel business are provided as part of the study's conclusion. The incorporation of technical solutions, specialized training programs, and changes to policy are all included in these suggestions. The hotel business may cultivate a safer and healthier work environment by resolving the issues mentioned, enhancing overall employee well-being and assisting in the industry's long-term success.

Sleep quality in secure psychiatric healthcare: Inpatient & staff perspectives

The lived experiences of psychiatric inpatients are not well represented in the literature, especially when these experiences pertain to health. Reports regarding sleep health are particularly sparse, despite the increasing prevalence of sleep disorders in this population. The current study aimed to explore inpatient and staff perspectives of inpatient sleep quality to aid the future development of a sleep quality intervention. Fourteen inpatients (average age 43 years, 36 % female) were recruited for individual interviews and eleven staff members were recruited for three focus groups, from a secure psychiatric hospital (England). A semi-structured interview guide facilitated discussions regarding the prevalence and type of inpatient sleep problems, existing support for inpatient sleep problems including medication, and the bidirectional relationships between nighttime sleep and daytime behaviours, such as napping and physical activity. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were developed: Irregular Sleep Schedules, Nighttime Disruptions, The Patient's Bedroom, and Keeping a Routine & Staying Physically Active. Study results can be utilised when developing inpatient sleep interventions, which were identified within the study as being sorely needed. Such interventions could focus on managing daytime sleeping, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity, in order to support good sleep hygiene, foster regular sleep/wake cycles, and improve overall health.

Enhancing DHA supplementation adherence: A Bayesian approach with finite mixture models and irregular interim schedules in adaptive trial designs.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has proven beneficial in reducing preterm births. However, the challenge lies in addressing nonadherence to prescribed supplementation regimens-a hurdle that significantly impacts clinical trial outcomes. Conventional methods of adherence estimation, such as pill counts and questionnaires, usually fall short when estimating adherence within a specific dosage group. Thus, we propose a Bayesian finite mixture model to estimate adherence among women with low baseline red blood cell phospholipid DHA levels (<6%) receiving higher DHA doses. In our model, adherence is defined as the proportion of participants classified into one of the two distinct components in a normal mixture distribution. Subsequently, based on the estimands from the adherence model, we introduce a novel Bayesian adaptive trial design. Unlike conventional adaptive trials that employ regularly spaced interim schedules, the novelty of our proposed trial design lies in its adaptability to adherence percentages across the treatment arm through irregular interims. The irregular interims in the proposed trial are based on the effect size estimation informed by the finite mixture model. In summary, this study presents innovative methods for leveraging the capabilities of Bayesian finite mixture models in adherence analysis and the design of adaptive clinical trials.

Smart Aquaculture Design for Vannamei Shrimp Farming Based on Quality Function Development

In the fishery industry, Indonesia’s large water area has the potential for developing and cultivating fisheries such as vannamei shrimp. For this reason, aquaculture, particularly vannamei shrimp farming, can play a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy and food supply. However, challenges such as fluctuating water quality, disease outbreaks, turbidity levels, and irregular shrimp feeding schedules in ponds can affect the productivity and sustainability of shrimp farming. The smart aquaculture system integrates technologies, such as IoT-based sensors, automated feeding mechanisms, and real-time water quality monitoring to optimize the farming process. The research proposes a smart aquaculture design for vannamei shrimp farming based on the Quality Function Development (QFD) method. It starts by creating questionnaires to identify stakeholders’ level of interest. The questionnaire results are used as a reference for system redesign using the QFD method to improve the quality and quantity of shrimp harvest, cultivating effectively and efficiently and helping and facilitating the supervision of pond managers on pond water quality, feeding, and feed availability. The result highlights the application of QFD in creating a tailored, technology-driven solution that supports better decision-making, resource optimization, and improved shrimp health. The system reduces human error, enhances farm management, and promotes higher yields by providing real-time data and automation. The evaluation results show that the proposed design can achieve high stakeholder satisfaction. It also achieves better scores compared to the other two competitor’s designs.

Self-control enhances vigilance performance in temporally irregular tasks: an fNIRS frontoparietal investigation.

The present study investigated whether trait self-control impacted operators' behavior and associated neural resource strategies during a temporally irregular vigilance task. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) readings of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) from 29 participants were recorded fromthe prefrontal and parietal cortices. Self-control was associated with better perceptual sensitivity (A') in the task with the irregular event schedule. A left-lateralized effect of HbO2 was found for temporal irregularity within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, in accordance with functional transcranial doppler (fTCD) studies. Self-control increased HbR (decreasing activation) at right superior parietal lobule (rSPL; supporting vigilance utilization) and right inferior parietal lobule (rIPL; supporting resource reallocation). However, only rSPL was associated with the vigilance decrement-where decreases in activation led to better perceptual sensitivity in the temporally irregular task. Additionally, short stress-state measures suggest decreases in task engagement in individuals with higher self-control in the irregular task. The authors suggest a trait-state-brain-behavior relationship for self-control during difficult vigilance tasks. Implications for the study include steps toward rectifying the resource utilization vs. allocation debate in vigilance-as well as validating HbO2 and HbR as effective constructs for predicting operators' mental resources through fNIRS.

Rational or emotional decisions? Parents’ nonstandard work hours and the justifications for using informal childcare

ABSTRACT This study examined whether the number of weekly childcare arrangements for under-school-aged children is associated with parental nonstandard hours (e.g. evenings, nights, or irregular schedules) and the reasons and justifications parents working nonstandard hours give for using informal care arrangements. Using cross-sectional survey data of 359 Finnish parents with children aged 0–6 years, we found that nonstandard work hours, compared with standard daytime hours, were associated with a higher number of weekly care arrangements for children under 5 years old. Qualitative parental interviews (N = 27) further revealed three justifications for using informal care: ‘Leaning on parents’ values and desires’, ‘Disclaiming from actions potentially harming the child’, and ‘Balancing parents’ needs and the moral aspects of using informal childcare’. Our findings highlight that parents of young children tend to rely on multiple childcare arrangements during nonstandard work hours even in a country with a comprehensive institutional early childhood education and care (ECEC) infrastructure and affordable tax-based provision of around-the-clock care (i.e. extended hours ECEC). Furthermore, emotional-based reasons related to ensuring child well-being were emphasised over rational-based ones when parents provided justifications for using informal arrangements during nonstandard hours.

Exclusive breastfeeding experience among healthcare working mothers in central Tanzania: A qualitative study

Background &amp; Aim: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant health, yet the global prevalence is below target. Tanzania is facing challenges in promoting EBF due to sociocultural and economic factors. Despite efforts, rates remained low, especially among working mothers. The experience of healthcare-working mothers in EBF is underexplored despite facing unique challenges like irregular schedules and workplace stressors. This study aims to explore healthcare-working women's experiences with EBF. Methods &amp; Materials: This qualitative study involves fifteen participants from two referral hospitals in Tanzania. We employed semi-structured interviews to explore the significance of their lived experiences while keeping the interview on track. We sampled our participants using purposive and snowball sampling. The interviews were recorded using a digital audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. Then, thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Results: Participants shared insights into their EBF practices, highlighting the significance of breastfeeding knowledge and its benefits for mothers and children. Key themes identified were healthcare-working mothers' knowledge and practice of EBF, balancing EBF and work, and barriers to EBF while working. Mothers emphasized EBF's health and emotional benefits, noting strategies to ensure sufficient milk supply and challenges in maintaining EBF due to work demands, fatigue, and physiological discomforts. Support systems at home and workplace policies were crucial for facilitating EBF, yet the availability of alternative milk sometimes hindered sustained EBF. Conclusion: This research provides valuable insights into the experiences of healthcare-working mothers in EBF. The findings underscore the importance of promoting supportive environments, workplace policies, and social networks to facilitate exclusive breastfeeding continuation for working mothers.

Analisis Penerapan 5S di Tempat Kerja: Pendekatan dari Perspektif Karyawan PT. PKC

A warehouse is a place used to store and store goods owned by a company. There are many activities carried out in the warehouse, starting from the goods data collection process to the goods management process. PT. PKC is not yet optimal and there are still several problems such as a poor management system and irregular spare parts delivery scheduling. Therefore, the 5S method is needed so that warehouse management can be better and more efficient. There is the 5S method (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu &amp; Shitsuke) which is a management approach to organizing, cleaning, and maintaining an efficient, orderly, and productive work environment. The results of evaluation of 5S implementation in PT warehouse. PKC The assessment of the implementation of Seiri is included in a good classification with a score of 62%, the assessment of the implementation of Seiton is also in a good classification with a score of 67%, the assessment for the implementation of Seiso, is classified as good with a score of 74%, while the assessment for Seiketsu is in a reasonable classification with a score of 50%, and the assessment for the implementation of Shitsuke is categorized as sufficient with a score of 50%. Keywords: Implementation, Warehouse, 5S Method

Retinal Diabetopathy? Sleep Disorders, Retinal Changes, and Insulin Resistance: A Synthesized Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Sleep disturbances, particularly prevalent in modern lifestyles, have been increasingly associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T2DM). Epidemiological evidence underscores the link between impaired sleep and elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates, alongside the emergence of metabolic dysregulation. Notably, conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome contribute to disrupted sleep architecture and exacerbate insulin resistance through repeated drops in blood oxygen levels during sleep. Furthermore, chronic sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules, and shift work disrupt circadian rhythms, amplifying the risk of metabolic disorders. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles from January 2010 to October 2023 using terms such as “sleep disturbances,” “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” and “retinal receptors.” Inclusion criteria covered studies on human and animal participants, comparative analyses, and reviews. Exclusion criteria ruled out nonpeer-reviewed works and those with limited population sizes. Data extraction focused on study design, populations, types of sleep disorders, metabolic effects, and retinal health impacts. Results emphasized the bidirectional relationship among these variables. The critical analytical research and review highlights the bidirectional relationship between retinal receptor dysfunction and DM, emphasizing how metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes impact retinal health, while dysfunctional retinal receptors contribute to the progression of diabetes-related complications. Insights into the role of insulin receptors in the retina and the blood–retinal barrier underscore the mechanisms through which insulin resistance compromises retinal integrity, leading to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and photoreceptor damage. The disturbed sleep can also affect the melatonin secretion, thereby affecting insulin resistance. We preliminarily have named the nexus as retinal diabetopathy. By elucidating the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on cellular signaling and metabolism, particularly in vital organs such as muscles, liver, fat, and pancreas, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of how prevalent sleep disturbances and retinal changes contribute to the development and progression of T2DM. Overall, this research underscores the importance of addressing sleep disorders in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.

The actual issues of detection of risk factors and prevention of myocardium infarction in sailors

In Russia, increases morbidity of myocardial infarction. The statistics of recent years demonstrate failure in meeting target indicators of national programs on reducing number of deaths from this disease. At that, able-bodied population is in high risk zone and their professional activity is under influence of large combination of risk factors of myocardial infarction. This risk area covers profession of seafarer that is characterized by irregular work schedule, high levels of stress and mental tension, low physical activity or, contrariwise, increased working loads, unbalanced diet, isotherm stress and interaction with harmful substances. Besides that, situation is aggravated by limited set of first medical aid measures at exacerbation of disease in view of remoteness from hospitalization centers. Thus, considering high mortality rate from myocardial infarction, it is extremely important for ship crews to have full and timely information about diagnostic, symptomatic and prevention of this disease. The article examines statistics data of morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction in population of the Russian Federation on the basis of Rosstat data and target indicators of the National project "Health Care". The risk factors of myocardial infarction established by INTERHEART studies are analyzed. The specifics of work conditions of crew members of marine vessels are established. The collection of professional modifying risk factors was selected. The recommendations for their correction were developed to enhance efficiency of primary preventive measures and to decrease morbidity and mortality among seafarers.

A Randomized Controlled Simulation Trial of a Neonatal Resuscitation Digital Game Simulator for Labour and Delivery Room Staff.

Healthcare providers (HCPs) working in labour and delivery rooms need to undergo regular refresher courses to maintain their neonatal resuscitation skills, which are shown to decline over time. However, due to their irregular schedules and limited time, HCPs encounter difficulties in readily accessing refresher programs. RETAIN is a digital game that simulates a delivery room to facilitate neonatal resuscitation training for HCPs. This study aims to ascertain whether participants enjoyed the RETAIN digital game simulator and whether it was at least as good as a video lecture at refreshing and maintaining participants' neonatal resuscitation knowledge. In this randomized controlled simulation trial, n = 42 labour and delivery room HCPs were administered a pre-test of neonatal resuscitation knowledge using a manikin. Then, they were randomly assigned to a control or a treatment group. For 20-30 min, participants in the control group watched a neonatal resuscitation lecture video, while those in the treatment group played the RETAIN digital game simulator of neonatal resuscitation scenarios. Then, all participants were administered a post-test identical to the pre-test. Additionally, participants in the treatment group completed a survey of attitudes toward the RETAIN simulator that provided a measure of enjoyment of the RETAIN game simulator. After two months, participants were administered another post-test identical to the pre-test. For the primary outcome (neonatal resuscitation performance), an analysis of variance revealed that participants significantly improved their neonatal resuscitation performance over the first two time points, with a significant decline to the third time point, the same pattern of results across conditions, and no differences between conditions. For the secondary outcome (attitudes toward RETAIN), participants in the treatment condition also reported favourable attitudes toward RETAIN. Labour and delivery room healthcare providers in both groups (RETAIN simulator or video lecture) significantly improved their neonatal resuscitation performance immediately following the intervention, with no group differences. The findings suggest that participants enjoyed interacting with the RETAIN digital game simulator, which provided a similar boost in performance right after use to the more traditional intervention.

Exploring the fear of clinical errors: associations with socio-demographic, professional, burnout, and mental health factors in healthcare workers - A nationwide cross-sectional study.

The fear of clinical errors among healthcare workers (HCW) is an understudied aspect of patient safety. This study aims to describe this phenomenon among HCW and identify associated socio-demographic, professional, burnout and mental health factors. We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional study targeting HCW in France from May to June 2021. Recruitment was through social networks, professional networks, and email invitations. To assess the fear of making clinical errors, HCW were asked: "During your daily activities, how often are you afraid of making a professional error that could jeopardize patient safety?" Responses were collected on a 7-point Likert-type scale. HCW were categorized into "High Fear" for those who reported experiencing fear frequently ("once a week," "a few times a week," or "every day"), vs. "Low Fear" for less often. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze associations between fear of clinical errors and various factors, including sociodemographic, professional, burnout, and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to explore how this fear fits into a comprehensive theoretical framework. We recruited a total of 10,325 HCW, of whom 25.9% reported "High Fear" (95% CI: 25.0-26.7%). Multivariate analysis revealed higher odds of "High Fear" among males, younger individuals, and those with less professional experience. High fear was more notable among physicians and nurses, and those working in critical care and surgery, on night shifts or with irregular schedules. Significant associations were found between "High Fear" and burnout, low professional support, major depressive disorder, and sleep disorders. Fear of clinical errors is associated with factors that also influence patient safety, highlighting the importance of this experience. Incorporating this dimension into patient safety culture assessment could provide valuable insights and could inform ways to proactively enhance patient safety.

Budaya Makan pada Balita Stunting di Desa Rahia Kecamatan Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah

Stunted toddlers are often not aware of it, and after two years it will be seen that the toddler is short. Chronic nutritional problems in toddlers are caused by insufficient dietary intake for quite a long time because parents or families do not know or are not aware of providing food according to their children’s nutritional needs. Based on data on the prevalence of nutritional status of children under five with indicators of height based on age (height/a) at the Central Buton Health Office. This study aimed to discover the eating culture of stunted toddlers and what causes stunting to occur in Rahia Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency. This study uses ethnographic methods with observation participation and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the eating culture of stunting toddlers in Rahia Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency is influenced by a lack of parental knowledge so that stunting is still difficult to overcome. The causes of stunting include the provision of MP-ASI too early, the quality of food is less nutritious, dietary restrictions for pregnant women, babies who do not receive immunizations, irregular meal schedules, low mother’s knowledge and lack of socialization regarding stunting education.

Chronobioethics: Symphony of biological clocks observed by 7-day/24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular health

BackgroundThe high prevalence of desynchronized biological rhythms is becoming a primary public health concern. We assess complex and diverse inter-modulations among multi-frequency rhythms present in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Subjectsand Methods: We performed 7-day/24-hour Ambulatory BP Monitoring in 220 (133 women) residents (23 to 74 years) of a rural Japanese town in Kochi Prefecture under everyday life conditions. ResultsA symphony of biological clocks contributes to the preservation of a synchronized circadian system. (1) Citizens with an average 12.02-h period had fewer vascular variability disorders than those with shorter (11.37-h) or longer (12.88-h) periods (P<0.05), suggesting that the circasemidian rhythm is potentially important for human health. (2) An appropriate BP-HR coupling promoted healthier circadian profiles than a phase-advanced BP: lower 7-day nighttime SBP (106.8 vs. 112.9 mmHg, P=0.0469), deeper nocturnal SBP dip (20.5% vs. 16.8%, P=0.0101), and less frequent incidence of masked non-dipping (0.53 vs. 0.86, P=0.0378), identifying the night as an important time window. ConclusionAdaptation to irregular schedules in everyday life occurs unconsciously at night, probably initiated from the brain default mode network, in coordination with the biological clock system, including a reinforced about 12-hour clock, as “a biological clock-guided core integration system”.

Heavy vehicle driver fatigue: Observing work and rest behaviours of truck drivers in Australia

The extant transport literature suggests that truck driver fatigue is a leading contributor in truck crashes. Various factors are known to affect a truck driver’s ability to comply with work and rest requirements, including long working hours, irregular work schedules, sleep deprivation and driving at night. In Australia, while control measures restrict the number of hours of work a truck driver may undertake without rest, they travel vast distances and work with a high level of autonomy. This makes it difficult for transport companies to monitor and manage truck drivers’ work and rest compliance; thereby relying on them to self-manage driver fatigue at designated rest-stops. However, there is little Australian research examining rest-stop behaviour of truck drivers in relation to driver fatigue compliance. To better understand how truck drivers manage driver fatigue, an exploratory participant observation study of truck drivers (N = 378) was undertaken at two Australian truck rest stops in rural New South Wales. The findings indicate that while most truck drivers comply with rest requirements regarding driver fatigue, load type, driver changeovers, access to parking, and time spent on work-related activities at the rest areas affects the time truck drivers spend at rest, and these factors are likely to increase the risk of truck drivers not complying with driver fatigue regulation. They are also likely to increase the number of truck drivers involved in fatigue related crashes.

Tackling Shift Work: Cardiovascular Health in the Auto Industry.

Shift work, particularly in the auto industry, presents significant health challenges, notably in how it impacts cardiovascular health due to irregular work schedules and associated sleep disruptions. This prospective study evaluated 4683 workers from a single Romanian automotive enterprise to investigate the relationship between fixed shift work schedules and cardiovascular health outcomes. Our analysis focused on fixed-shift workers, excluding those on rotating shifts to reduce variability and enhance the clarity of the findings. The findings reveal that night shift workers are at a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared to their day shift counterparts. Night shift workers demonstrated a higher CVD incidence (4.3%) compared to day shift workers (2.6%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.08 to 2.62, p = 0.021). This association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders, with an adjusted OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.09 to 2.75, p = 0.019). Male night shift workers exhibited a significantly higher CVD incidence (4.5%) compared to male day shift workers (3.0%), with an OR of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.07 to 2.89, p = 0.026). Female night shift workers also showed a higher CVD incidence (3.4%) compared to female day shift workers (1.3%), although this was not statistically significant. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and effective strategies to mitigate these risks and promote the cardiovascular health and overall well-being of shift workers in the auto industry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how non-traditional work schedules affect health and provides a basis for implementing protective measures in occupational settings.

Penerapan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Berbasis Metode Pareto ABC dan Optimasi Kualitatif untuk Efisiensi Pengadaan Obat

Drug procurement at Amandha pharmacy is still carried out with uncertain considerations, resulting in irregular scheduling, this will have an impact on inventory costs due to the accumulation of inventory in the warehouse or the absence of drug inventory, pharmacy managers have difficulty in making decisions for drug procurement, due to factors that must be considered, namely the number of drug item sales, investment and cost allocation. The purpose of this study is to create software with the application of the Pareto ABC method and qualitative optimization which will be one of the considerations in decision making in ordering drugs. In this new system, the number of drug procurements to be ordered is based on 3 values ​​as considerations, namely use value, investment value and critical index value, with reference to the Pareto ABC method having a class level divided into class A with an investment value of 70%, class B 20% and class C 10%, the system will provide recommendations as considerations for the agency in ordering drugs. The function of this research is as a consideration in solving problems and improving the quality of drug procurement. The results of the research are in the form of software for drug procurement decision support systems as a consideration in preparing a strategic ordering plan that supports increasing efficiency, effectiveness and benefits of the agency.

Shift schedules and circadian preferences: the association with sleep and mood.

We explored the circadian preferences of non-shift workers (non-SWs) and various types of shift workers (SWs), and the associations of these preferences with sleep and mood. In total, 4,561 SWs (2,419 women and 2,142 men aged 37.00 ± 9.80 years) and 2,093 non-SWs (1,094 women and 999 men aged 37.80 ± 9.73 years) completed an online survey. Of all SWs, 2,415 (1,079 women and 1,336 men aged 37.77 ± 9.96 years) reported regularly rotating or fixed schedules ("regular SWs"), and 2,146 (1,340 women and 806 men aged 36.12 ± 9.64 years) had irregular schedules ("irregular SWs"). Of the regular SWs, 2,040 had regularly rotating schedules, 212 had fixed evening schedules, and 163 had fixed night schedules. All participants completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) exploring circadian preferences, the short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) evaluating depression, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Compared to non-SWs, SWs had lower MEQ scores, i.e., more eveningness, after controlling for age, gender, income, occupation, and weekly work hours (F = 87.97, p < 0.001). Irregular SWs had lower MEQ scores than regular SWs (F = 50.89, p < 0.001). Among regular SWs, the MEQ scores of fixed evening and fixed night SWs were lower than those of regularly rotating SWs (F = 22.42, p < 0.001). An association between the MEQ and ESS scores was apparent in non-SWs (r = -0.85, p < 0.001) but not in SWs (r = 0.001, p = 0.92). SWs exhibited more eveningness than non-SWs; eveningness was particularly prominent in SWs with irregular or fixed evening/night shifts. Eveningness was associated with sleepiness only in non-SWs, but not in SWs.