Irregular Eating Research Articles

Irregular breakfast eating in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with greater social jetlag and poorer metabolic health.

Circadian disruption, arising from conflict between internal circadian time and behavioural sleep-wake and fasting-feeding rhythms, may contribute to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and disease severity. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between irregular breakfast eating and poorer metabolic health. We aimed to further explore the relationships between breakfast habits, circadian misalignment (social jetlag), and metabolic parameters in a cohort of adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 330 adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending for routine clinical review completed structured questionnaires to assess habitual sleep timing, chronotype, and social jetlag. Statistical analysis was via inferential groupwise approaches and path analysis to establish interdependencies of effects of social jetlag, chronotype, and breakfast eating regularity on HbA1c. 22.7% of the participants reported eating breakfast five times or fewer a week, and were categorised as irregular breakfast eaters. Compared with those who ate breakfast six or seven times a week, irregular breakfast eaters had significantly higher HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure, were younger and had greater social jetlag. In the path analysis, irregular breakfast eating exerted a direct effect on HbA1c, whilst social jetlag exerted only an indirect effect on HbA1c through breakfast eating regularity. Chronotype did not exert any effect on HbA1c, but did exert an indirect effect on breakfast eating regularity via social jetlag. Our results showed that adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who ate breakfast irregularly had poorer metabolic health and greater social jetlag. The relationship between social jetlag and glycaemic control appears to be mediated through breakfast eating habits.

Circadian Regulatory Networks of Glucose Homeostasis and Its Disruption as a Potential Cause of Undernutrition.

The circadian clock system, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, orchestrates diurnal rhythms in biological activities such as behavior and metabolism, aligning them with the earth's 24-hour light/dark cycle. This synchronization enables organisms to anticipate and adapt to predictable environmental changes, including nutrient availability. However, modern lifestyles characterized by irregular eating and sleeping habits disrupt this synchrony, leading to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, evidenced by higher obesity rates among shift workers. Conversely, circadian disturbances are also associated with reduced nutrient absorption and an increased risk of malnutrition in populations such as the critically ill or the elderly. The precise mechanisms of these disturbances in leading to either overnutrition or undernutrition is complex and not yet fully understood. Glucose, a crucial energy source, is closely linked to obesity when consumed excessively and to weight loss when intake is reduced, which suggests that circadian regulation of glucose metabolism is a key factor connecting circadian disturbances with nutritional outcomes. In this review, we describe how the biological clock in various tissues regulates glucose metabolism, with a primary focus on studies utilizing animal models. Additionally, we highlight current clinical evidence supporting the association between circadian disturbance and glucose metabolism, arguing that such disruption could predominantly contribute to undernutrition due to impaired efficient utilization of nutrients.

The association between household and family composition and mental health of the elderly: mediating role of lifestyle

BackgroundMental health in the elderly has multiple determinants, and studies indicate household and family composition, economic status, and family support are key factors. However, these are difficult to modify, and better lifestyle for the elderly can be a possible intervention. The current study examined the mediating role of lifestyle in the association between these three types of the household and family composition (living alone, living with a spouse, and living with children) and mental health in older adults.MethodsWe studied 5,407 participants (58.7% female, age 45 + years) from the Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Project. All participants underwent a battery of examinations to measure degree loneliness, depression, and global cognitive function. We also surveyed personal lifestyles. We used a mediation analysis to determine the relative contribution of each lifestyle factor on mental health outcomes.ResultsOlder adults living alone rarely participated in mental and social activities and often had irregular diets; those adults living with children spent most of their time caring for grandchildren and had irregular eating and sleeping schedules; those living with a spouse often engaged in a variety of leisure activities and had the best life habits. Mediation analyses showed that dietary and sleeping irregularity partially mediated the negative effects of living alone on mental health, and were moderated by age and gender.ConclusionsLiving with a spouse was associated with benefits for the mental health of middle-aged and older adults (especially older and female individuals), through modifying better lifestyles than those of individuals with the other two types of the household and family composition.

Integrative approach for efficient detection of kidney stones based on improved deep neural network architecture

In today's digital world, with growing population and increasing pollution, unhealthy lifestyle habits like irregular eating, junk food consumption, and lack of exercise are becoming more common, leading to various health problems, including kidney issues. These factors directly affect human kidney health. To address this, we require early detection techniques that rely on text data. Text data contains detailed information about a patient's medical history, symptoms, test results, and treatment plans, giving a complete picture of kidney health and enabling timely intervention. In this research paper, we proposed a range of sophisticated models, such as Gradient Boosting Classifier, Light GBM, CatBoost, Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Boost, Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Deep Neural Network (DNN), and an Improved DNN. The Improved DNN demonstrated exceptional performance, with an accuracy of 90 %, precision of 89 %, recall of 90 %, and an F1-Score of 89.5 %. By combining traditional machine learning and deep neural networks, this integrative approach enables the identification of intricate patterns in datasets. The model's data-driven processes consistently update internal parameters, guaranteeing flexibility in response to evolving healthcare settings. This research represents a notable advancement in the progress of creating a more detailed and individualised ability to diagnose kidney stones, which could potentially lead to better clinical results and patient treatment.

Food Insecurity Impacts Diet Quality, Health-Promoting Activities, and Perceived Stress

Food insecurity, defined as inadequate access to nutritious food, affects over two billion people globally. Poor nutrition and stress associated with food insecurity may negatively impact the performance of health-promoting activities. It may also increase stress levels through irregular eating patterns and concern over accessing suffcient food. However, the impact of food insecurity on engagement in health-promoting activities, stress, and dietary factors has yet to be studied extensively. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the impact of food insecurity on health-promoting activities, perceived stress, and diet quality. It is hypothesized that food insecurity will negatively impact perceived stress levels and the frequency of engagement in health-promoting activities. It also hypothesized that those who engage in these activities more frequently will have better diet quality. An anonymous survey was administered to adults through various social media platforms. The survey contained demographic questions and seven validated scales: the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Effciency, and Duration (SATED) Questionnaire, Health Promoting Activities Scale, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Food Mood Questionnaire. These scales measured food insecurity status, sleep quality, frequency of health-promoting activities and self-care, self-esteem, perceived stress levels, physical activity, and dietary habits, respectively. Data from 561 individuals were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation Coeffcient in IBM SPSS Version 28.0. The results indicate that being unable to eat healthy and nutritious food was negatively associated with performing personal care tasks (r= -0.136, p< 0.01) and social activities (r= -0.146, p< 0.01). It was also found that having to skip a meal was positively associated with being upset when something happens unexpectedly (r= 0.218, p< 0.01) and feeling unable to control the important things in life (r= 0.242, p< 0.01). Further, performing personal care tasks was negatively associated with eating fast food (r= -0.120, p< 0.01) and positively associated with consuming dark green, leafy vegetables (r= 0.216, p< 0.01), whole grains (r= 0.195, p< 0.01), and fruit (r= 0.287, p< 0.01). Our results suggest that food insecurity can negatively impact mental well-being, diet quality, and health-promoting behaviors. Interventions aimed at improving food security, and therefore diet quality, may have benefits for improving overall health and well-being. No funding was provided to conduct this research study. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Mentimun Mix Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi di Posbindu Srikndi Rt.004/Rw.07 Kelurahan Lenteng Agung Tahun 2023

With an unhealthy lifestyle such as having a smoking habit, irregular and unhealthy eating patterns will have an impact on hypertension or high blood pressure, which later on from the bad habits above will have further impacts, namely complications of heart disease, heart failure, stroke. , and damage to the kidneys. Problems that can cause an increase in blood pressure can be controlled or prevented by using cucumber and young coconut water.To determine the effect of giving cucumber juice mixed with young coconut water on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This type of research is in the form of an experiment with a Pre Test and Post Test With Control Group Design research design. The sample in this study was 50 respondents who were divided into two groups, namely 25 samples of treatment group respondents who were given 200 grams of cucumber juice mixed with young coconut water and 25 samples of control group respondents who were not given treatment. The statistical test used to determine the effect uses the T-test. The results of this study indicate that there was an influence on blood pressure in the treatment group given cucumber juice mixed with young coconut water in hypertension sufferers, namely that the results of statistical tests obtained an average value of pre-systolic blood pressure of 161.12 mmHg and an average value of post-systolic blood pressure. systolic blood pressure was 128.48 mmHg and the average value of pre-diastolic blood pressure was 91.16 mmHg and the average value of post-diastolic blood pressure was 80.00 mmHg. A p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05) for systolic blood pressure obtained a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure obtained a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05). Due to the benefits of cucumber and young coconut water which are beneficial for lowering blood pressure. There is an effect of giving cucumber juice mixed with young coconut water on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group and can reduce blood pressure in patients suffering from hypertension aged 40 - 70 years at Posbindu Srikandi RT.004/RW.07 Kel. Lenteng Agung.

Penyuluhan Skrining Anemia dan Pemberian Tablet Fe pada Remaja di SMP 4 Menggala

Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood is less than the normal level. Adolescent girls are at high risk of anemia, because during this period there is an increased need for iron due to growth and mensturation. School activities and high extracurricular activities will have an impact on irregular eating patterns, besides the habit of consuming drinks that inhibit iron absorption will affect one's hemoglobin levels. Adolescent girls are required to take Blood Addition Tablets because they experience menstruation every month. Blood Add Tablet is useful to replace iron lost due to menstruation and to fulfill iron needs that have not been fulfilled from food. Iron in adolescent girls is also useful for improving learning concentration, maintaining fitness and preventing anemia in future mothers. The implementation of this community service activity was held at SMP 4 Tulang Bawang Regency on January 14, 2024. Participants who took part in the education "Counseling on Anemia Screening and Providing Fe Tablets to Adolescents" were 20 junior high school students from SMP 4 menggala. Based on the counseling care carried out, it is known that knowledge about anemia in adolescents, the average knowledge before is 50.5 and after is 87.5, it can be seen that there is an effect of the counseling provided, from counseling it is also seen that the mean difference is 37%. The p-value = 0.000 (p-value < α = 0.05) means that there is an effect of counseling on knowledge about anemia in adolescents.

Analisis Pengaruh Pola Makan terhadap Gastritis Menggunakan Metode PRISMA

Gastritis occurs due to inflammation in stomach lining that can cause pain. Gastritis also called “mag” which characterized by a systemic infection of the stomach. The purpose of this study was to review several literature studies related to the influence of diet on gastritis disease. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) carried out sistematically with the correct protocol or following stages. This study revealed that there is an influence of diet on the incidence of gastritis. An irregular diet such as rarely eating breakfast, rarely eating 3 times a day will make it difficult for the stomach to adapt. If this happens over a long period of time, there will be an excess of stomach acid which causes the stomach mucosa to become irritated and gastritis arises. The main factors cause the large number of students who experience gastritis are irregular eating (not eating 3 times a day), often consuming fast food (junk food) because it is considered more practical, and stress due to the large number of college assignments.

Eating Habits Of Polish Children

Introduction: Unhealthy eating habits in childhood, usually based on a Western diet, can lead to overweight and obesity. They are also an important factor in the increased risk of developing many diet-related diseases later in life. Early identification of school aged children with poor eating habits can help reduce the risk of obesity and the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to analyze selected dietary habits of school-aged children and adolescents.Material and Methods: The study involved data collected from 2,986 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 attending se lected schools in Poland as part of the e-PE program. Results: In the study group, 76% of children and adolescents reported consuming 3-4 meals per day. A little over 11% restricted themselves to fewer meals, while the remainder adopted a pattern of 5 or more meals. Irregular eating patterns were reported by 40.7% of respondents. Conclusions: In view of the more frequent occurrence of nutritional abnormalities in children and adolescents, and thus a greater risk for the emergence of numerous consequences in later years of life, it is necessary to systematically monitor diet as a risk factor for the development of overweight and obesity to implement interventions to counteract weight gain at an early stage of adverse changes.

Body Composition of Medical Staff Working on Shift Duty and Day Duty: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The necessity for 24-hour patient care in the medical field often requires staff to work in shifts, disrupting their circadian rhythms controlled by the hypothalamus’s Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN). This disruption can lead to sleep deprivation, which is linked to significant health issues such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Sleep deprivation affects body composition by altering fat distribution, muscle mass, and Body Mass Index (BMI), and changes meal preferences towards high-calorie, carbohydraterich foods. Irregular eating patterns due to hormonal and gut microbiome changes can lead to over-eating and weight gain. The sedentary nature of many shift-based jobs exacerbates the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, promoting obesity. Aim: To address the limited research on how shift work impacts the body composition of medical staff by comparing those on shift duty to those on day duty. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that included medical staff between the age group of 25 to 40 years working in the Parent Institute. The subjects were divided into two equal groups consisting of 100 staff working on shift duty (study group) and 100 staff working on day duty (control group). Subjects were tested for body composition by using Karada Scan. Various parameters of body composition were compared using an unpaired t-test. Results: The day duty group consisted of 36 females and 64 males (N=100) staff with a mean age of 33.0±4.6 years while the shift duty group consisted of 36 females and 64 males (N=100) staff with a mean age of 31.9±4.4 years. The study suggests a significant difference between the two groups for BMI, skeletal muscle mass, and subcutaneous fat with a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The study showed lower skeletal muscle mass and higher body weight, body fat percentage, visceral fat, BMI, and subcutaneous fat in medical staff working on shift duty.

Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Incident of Hypertension in Bawolato Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias District

Based on the 2021 Riskesdas results, the prevalence of the population with high blood pressure is 34.1%. Hypertension data from the Bawolato Community Health Center has increased over the last 2 years, with hypertension cases recorded in 2021 with a total of 842 cases and in 2022 with a total of 1,162 cases. Unhealthy lifestyles, with irregular eating patterns that lead to obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity and consuming too much alcohol, cause blood pressure to increase. The researcher's aim was to determine the risk factors that influence the incidence of hypertension at the Bawolato Community Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias Regency. This type of research is a case control survey. Case Control. The sample consisted of 104 respondents, 52 case groups and 52 control groups taken by consecutive sampling. Data analysis was carried out univariate, bivariate and multivariate using logistic regression tests. The results of the research on bivariate test analysis with chi-square showed that factors influencing the incidence of hypertension were obesity (p= 0.019; OR = 3.080), smoking (p= 0.037; OR= 2.182), physical activity (p= 0.006; OR= 1.875) , alcohol consumption (p= 0.029; OR= 3.407). Meanwhile, the multivariate test found that the factors that had the most influence on the incidence of hypertension were the alcohol consumption variable (p= 0.024; Exp(B)= 4.004) and the obesity variable (p= 0.006; Exp(B)= 3.857). It can be concluded that the risk factors for hypertension at the Bawolato Community Health Center, Bawolato District, Nias Regency are alcohol consumption and obesity. It is recommended that Puskesmas improve promotive and preventive services related to hypertension, educate the younger generation about the dangers of smoking and alcohol consumption, maintain diet, and exercise routine physical activity by utilizing the Health program as a bridge for education and health checks and collaborating with related sectors.

Role of Dushivisha w.s.r. to Allergic Skin Diseases

The Today's life is far from the law of nature. As we all know that it is the age of advanced technology, that competing with the natural and organic world, making our life embedded in to the test tube of toxins. Use of intoxicating beverages, canned food, irregular eating and sleeping habits, food adulterants, preservatives, additives, fruit ripening chemicals, pesticides, synthetic drugs have taken modern man to a world, where immunity is declining day after day and many diseases evolving. These are various forms of toxins which enter in body through various routs if not excreted completely and stay remain inside the body will converted into Dushivisha. Allergic skin diseases are major problem affecting people of all age groups which are due to hypersensitivity of body's immune system to certain physical or chemical agent. The concept of Dushivisha in relation with allergic skin diseases are clearly mentioned in Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and other ancient ayurvedic texts. Some of the skin problems caused by Dushivisha, which are described in Samhitas are Kustha, Mandal, Visharpa, Bhinna Varna (discoloration of skin), [Su.K.Cha.2/30-31] Shonit Dushti, Kitibha and Kotha.[Cha.Chi.23/31]. The cause of all these diseases is Dushivisha which get aggravated due to its provoking factors like exposure to eastern wind, indigestion, cold, daytime sleep and on taking unwholesome food etc. [A.H. U.35/37] All these things suggested, the important role of Dushivisha in allergic skin diseases.

Effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular risk factors: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.

Skipping breakfast is one of the most prevalent irregular eating habits. Several pieces of evidence have reported the association between breakfast omission and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous publications have focused on the impact of skipping breakfast on various cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess this impact, especially with regard to anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glycemic control indicators. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 1 April 2023. A total of 11 eligible trials were identified to evaluate the combined effects of skipping breakfast. Final integrated results demonstrated that breakfast omission significantly decreased the body weight (mean difference = -0.66, 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.24, p = 0.002, I2 = 0.0) and increased the level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference = 9.89, 95% CI: 5.14 to 14.63, p = 0.000, I2 = 17.3). Subgroup analysis also revealed potential factors that may affect the outcomes, for example, the physiological condition of participants, duration, gender, and type of breakfast. In conclusion, skipping breakfast may reduce body weight while increasing the level of serum LDL-C at the same time. In view of the limited trials, further studies are needed to expound the role of breakfast omission in cardiovascular diseases.

Analisis Pengaruh Pola Makan terhadap Gastritis Menggunakan Metode PRISMA

Gastritis occurs due to inflammation in the lining of the stomach that can cause pain. Gastritis is often referred to by the term "mag" which is characterized by a systemic infection of the stomach. The purpose of this study was to review several literature studies related to the influence of diet on gastritis disease. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) which is carried out istematically with the correct protocol or following stages. This study revealed that thereis an influence of diet on the incidence of gastritis. An irregular diet such as rarely eating breakfast, rarely eating 3 times a day willmake it difficult for the stomach to adapt. If this happens over a long period of time, there will be an excess of stomach acid which causes the stomach mucosa to become irritated and gastritis arises. The main factors causing the large number of students who experience gastritis are irregular eating (not eating 3 times a day), often consuming fast food (junk food) because it is considered more practical, and stress due to the large number of college assignments.
 Keywords: Diet, Gastritis, College Students.

Impact of closed management on gastrointestinal function and mental health of Chinese university students during COVID-19

BackgroundThe innovative closed management of universities may have influenced the physical and mental health of students during the fourth stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The study aimed to assess the gastrointestinal and mental health status of students in this stage and to explore the possible risk factors and mechanisms to provide a reference for future school responses to similar stressful events.MethodA multicenter, cross-sectional survey was administered to 598 college students from 10 Chinese universities. The study used the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19 S), and the Diagnostic Tendency of Functional Bowel Disease Scale (DT-FBD) to evaluate anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19 and likelihood of being diagnose diagnosed with functional bowel disease (FBD), respectively.ResultsA total of 516 college students completed the questionnaire. The proportions of students with more severe anxiety, more severe depression, greater fear of COVID-19, and a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD were 49.8%, 57.0%, 49%, and 49%, respectively. These symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of irregular sleep and eating (p < 0.05). Students in high-risk areas were more likely to experience anxiety and depression than students in areas with low/medium risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–3.24, p = 0.017; OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.11–4.11, p = 0.022). A high likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD was positively associated with the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and fear of COVID-19 (all p < 0.001). Moreover, mediation analysis revealed the following pathway in college students: fear of COVID-19 → depression and anxiety → poor diet → likelihood of being diagnosed with FBD.ConclusionCollege students generally exhibited higher more severe anxiety and depression symptoms and psychological symptoms with a greater higher propensity likelihood of being to be diagnosed with FBD. Good lifestyle habits, especially adequate sleep and a regular diet, can alleviate these problems. In addition, appropriate psychological intervention is very important.

An association of psychosocial characteristics and severity of ulcers in adolescents with chronic peptic ulcer disease

The purpose of the study was to analyze various psychosocial characteristics and to examine their association with the severity of ulcers in adolescents with chronic peptic ulcer. A cross-sectional descriptive study, using interview questionnaires and psychological tests was conducted in 214 adolescents diagnosed with chronic peptic ulcer at 03 central hospitals in Hanoi. The results showed that adolescents with peptic ulcer often had neurotic personality traits (83.1%), had a habit of staying up late after 12 pm (21%), irregular eating (48.1%), and smoked e-cigarettes (18.2%). The majority of the study subjects had psychological trauma (92.1%). The rate of adolescents with peptic ulcer disease suffering from stress, anxiety and depression accounted for 63.6%, 47.2% and 52.8% respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that factors including age, s gender, family with separated/divorced parents, conflict with parents, combination of many psychological traumas, sleeping late after 11 pm, irregular eating are factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcer.

The Level of Public Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Drug Self-medication for Gastritis Patients at Talita Pharmacy, Makassar City

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are quite dangerous diseases that cause many deaths number 6 in the world. Based on data from the WHO (World Health Organization), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract mostly occur in developing countries by looking at the prevalence rates of gastrointestinal diseases that occur due to disruption of the digestive system. human digestion. Poor eating habits can cause various digestive disorders such as heartburn, diarrhea, dizziness, difficult bowel movements, nausea, flatulence and fever. Gastritis is a digestive tract disorder caused by three main factors, such as (a) H. pylori (b) long-term use of Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), and (c) Stress-Related Musocal Damage (SRMD). In addition, gastritis can also be caused by other factors, such as irregular eating patterns, consumption of coffee, tea, cola, alcohol and spicy foods, and stressful conditions. Gastritis sufferers will experience complaints including stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness, flatulence, and feeling tight, pain in the pit of the stomach, no appetite, pale face, increased body temperature, cold sweat, dizziness or belching and bleeding can also occur digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of public knowledge of self-medication of digestive tract drugs for gastritis patients at the Talita Pharmacy in Makassar City. The research method uses quantitative analysis with descriptive surveys, namely research that includes surveys with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires. The results of the study showed that: Based on the results of the data obtained from this study, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of the community regarding self-medication of digestive tract drugs for gastritis patients at the Talita Pharmacy in Makassar City with age criteria of 15-50 years, can communicate well, is willing to be a respondent and is classified as high with a percentage of 83%, the data shows that the level of public knowledge of self-medication of digestive tract drugs for gastritis patients at the Talita Pharmacy in Makassar is included in the tofu category.

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Menarche Cycle in Students

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="ms"&gt;Menstruation is periodic bleeding from the uterus that begins about 14 days after ovulation periodically due to the shedding of the lining of the uterus. Generally, the menarche cycle in normal women is 28-35 days and the duration of menstruation is between 3-7 days. The menarche cycle in women is said to be abnormal if the menarche cycle is less than 21 days or more than 40 days. Irregular menarche cycles can be caused by irregular eating patterns and unbalanced nutrition. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the menarche cycle in female students. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study was random sampling with a total sample of 51 female students who had been counted from a total population of 104 female students. Data processing uses univariate data analysis using a frequency distribution, while bivariate uses the Chi Square test. Most of the respondents had normal nutritional status, amounting to 66.7%, and respondents who had abnormal nutritional status amounted to 33.3%. Most of the respondents experienced regular menstruation as much as 70.6%, most of them experienced irregular menstruation as much as 29.4%. The statistical test results between nutritional status and the menarche cycle obtained a P value of 0.012 or a Pvalue &amp;lt;0.005, which means that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the menarche cycle. Nutritional status can affect the menarche cycle so there is a need to improve nutrition for female students.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Menarche cycle, Nutrition, Student&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Nutrition Patterns of Polish Esports Players.

The aim of this study was to quantify the dietary patterns (DPs) of Polish esports players aged 18-26 years. Data were obtained via questionnaires that assessed dietary habits and frequency of food consumption. Dietary patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). In total, nine distinct DPs were identified. Eight DPs were considered unhealthy; 'fast food', 'High-processed food, meat and confectionery', 'Sweet', 'Fat-diary products', 'Vegetable-fruit', 'Spices and additives', 'Fats' and 'Cereal'; and only one was deemed healthy. E-athletes presented mostly poor dietary habits, which included: irregular eating of meals, frequent snacking, at least three meals a day and composition of snacks, frying of meat dishes and sweetening of hot drinks. Healthy dietary habits included proper hydration during the day and consumption of mainly non-sparkling water. The unbalanced and largely unhealthy dietary habits of esports players raise health concerns for these e-athletes, particularly when combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Future research could assess the nutritional knowledge of this group as it relates to national guidelines, investigate interventions designed to introduce healthier eating options into their lifestyle and examine the relationship between DPs and health or cognitive performance.

Study on the mechanism of Fufang E'jiao Jiang on precancerous lesions of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and metabolomics

Ethnopharmacological relevanceFufang E'jiao Jiang (FEJ) is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which consists of Asini Corii Colla (Donkey-hide gelatin prepared by stewing and concentrating from the hide of Equus asinus Linnaeus., ACC), Codonopsis Radix (the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., CR), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (the steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., GRR), Crataegi Fructus (the mature fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge., CF), and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (the steamed and sun dried tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey., RRP). It is a popularly used prescription for “nourishing Qi and nourishing blood”. Aim of the studyTo explore the potential mechanism of FEJ on precancerous lesion of gastric cancer in rats by combining network pharmacology and metabolomics. MethodsTraditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to identify the ingredients and potential targets of FEJ. GeneCards database was used to define PLGC-associated targets. We built a herb-component-disease-target network and analyzed the protein-protein interaction network. Underlying mechanisms were identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, 40% ethanol, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitroguanidine and irregular eating were used to establish PLGC rats model. We also evaluated the efficacy of FEJ on MNNG-induced PLGC rats by body weight, histopathology, blood routine and cytokine levels, while the predicted pathway was determined by the Western blot. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based serum non-targeted metabolomics was used to select potential biomarkers and relevant pathways for FEJ in the treatment of PLGC. ResultsNetwork pharmacology showed that FEJ exhibited anti-PLGC effects through regulating ALB, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, AKT1 and other targets, and the potential pathways mainly involved cancer-related, TNF, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways. Animal experiments illustrated that FEJ could suppress inflammation, regulate gastrointestinal hormones, and inhibit the expression of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway-related proteins. Based on serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis, 12 differential metabolites responding to FEJ treatment were identified, and metabolic pathway analysis showed that the role of FEJ was concentrated in 6 metabolic pathways. ConclusionBased on network pharmacology, animal experiments and metabolomics, we found that FEJ might ameliorate gastric mucosal injury in PLGC rats by regulating gastrointestinal hormones and inhibiting inflammation, and its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of excessive activation of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway and regulation of disorders of body energy metabolism. This comprehensive strategy also provided a reasonable way for unveiling the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways in Traditional Chinese Medicine.