Iron Man Research Articles

Is Marathon Training Harder than the Ironman Training? An ECO-method Comparison.

Purpose: To compare the absolute and relative training load of the Marathon (42k) and the Ironman (IM) training in recreational trained athletes.Methods: Fifteen Marathoners and Fifteen Triathletes participated in the study. Their performance level was the same relative to the sex's absolute winner at the race. No differences were presented neither in age, nor in body weight, height, BMI, running VO2max max, or endurance training experience (p > 0.05). They all trained systematically for their respective event (IM or 42k). Daily training load was recorded in a training log, and the last 16 weeks were compared. Before this, gas exchange and lactate metabolic tests were conducted in order to set individual training zones. The Objective Load Scale (ECOs) training load quantification method was applied. Differences between IM and 42k athletes' outcomes were assessed using Student's test and significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results: As expected, Competition Time was significantly different (IM 11 h 45 min ± 1 h 54 min vs. 42k 3 h 6 min ± 28 min, p < 0.001). Similarly, Training Weekly Avg Time (IM 12.9 h ± 2.6 vs. 42k 5.2 ± 0.9), and Average Weekly ECOs (IM 834 ± 171 vs. 42k 526 ± 118) were significantly higher in IM (p < 0.001). However, the Ratio between Training Load and Training Time was superior for 42k runners when comparing ECOs (IM 65.8 ± 11.8 vs. 42k 99.3 ± 6.8) (p < 0.001). Finally, all ratios between training time or load vs. Competition Time were superior for 42k (p < 0.001) (Training Time/Race Time: IM 1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 42k 1.7 ± 0.5), (ECOs Training Load/Race Time: IM 1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 42k 2.9 ± 1.0).Conclusions: In spite of IM athletes' superior training time and total or weekly training load, when comparing the ratios between training load and training time, and training time or training load vs. competition time, the preparation of a 42k showed to be harder.

The Iron Man Challenge of Public Service: Motives, Ethics and Responsibility

Public Voices Vo. 1 No. 1

Film scenes in interdisciplinary education: teaching the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining importance in education owing to its rapid development. This study addresses the importance of interdisciplinary education between technology and the humanities. The use of films as a teaching resource is suitable for interdisciplinary education because films represent creative forecasts and predictions on future human society, helping the public realize what could occur in the future. By utilizing films in instruction, students can be trained to understand the three key functions of IoT and acquire the ability to develop creative applications of IoT. An IoT teaching model using the films Minority Report (2002), Big Hero 6 (2014), Iron Man 3 (2013), Her (2013), and Transcendence (2014), all of which depict various applications of IoT that could be helpful in the teaching of the functions and concepts of IoT, is suggested; an interdisciplinary class is carried out for 15 weeks following the model. The effectiveness of the class is measured using quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and reflection journals. The findings show that students developed interdisciplinary capacity through education using films.

APPETITES AND ANXIETIES: FOOD, FILM, AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION

APPETITES AND ANXIETIES: FOOD, FILM, AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION Cynthia Baron, Diane Carson, and Mark Bernard. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2014. 334 pp."Films depend on food." This seemingly absurd statement, which begins the introduction to Appetites and Anxieties: Food, Film, and the Politics of Representation, by Cynthia Baron, Diane Carson, and Mark Bernard, will be news to those who love films for the artistry of the writers, directors, actors, and cinematographers (1). The authors, however, quickly crafttheir argument, reminding the reader that "Slapstick comedies need pie-throwing scenes that escalate into brawls. To build their resolve, tough guys in western and actions films down shots of cheap liquor. Gangsters talk with their mouths full. Noir detectives drink alone. Comradeship leads soldiers and officers to share food and drink. Melodramas require disastrous, sometimes heart-warming family dinners. Romantic comedies benefit from chocolates" (1).Chapter 1, "Foodways as an Ideological Approach," furthers this point, defining "foodways" as, quoting Yvonne Lockwood, "the entire complex of ideas and behaviors associated with food" and adding that "the concept entered academic discourse in the early 1970s when folklorist Don Yoder used the term 'foodways' in his article 'Folk Cookery'" (25). Along with the introduction, chapter 1 gives fullness to the authors' proposition, moving beyond food in an obvious context, in movies such as Big Night and Like Water for Chocolate, to contexts where "food does not nourish or heal," nor does it "establish beneficial communities or encourage supportive individual relationship"; the authors cite Soylent Green (1973), The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), and The Hunger Games (2012) as examples (108).Unfortunately, rather than build upon this well-structured reasoning in chapter 2, the writers submit a dizzying jumble of facts and notes about film's unbridled relationship with corporations and government regulators, stating, "Representations of food are thus one of many filmic elements impacted by co-production arrangements" (54). The authors have a particular disdain for use of food tie-ins (e.g., Iron Man eating a Burger King cheeseburger) by Hollywood "blockbusters" (54). Of course, food and corporate coproductions have been part of radio and television since their inception. "Soap operas" were so named because they were sponsored coproductions with soap companies, and television was once filled with stars endorsing cigarettes.In turning to government regulators and censorship, the authors fail to associate government regulation with perceived (real or imagined) threat to America. Likewise, they state plainly that "topics that disrupt the pleasure of film entertainment, such as the toxicity of diets infused with corn syrup, the economic downside of 'cheap food,' and the problem of food insecurity even in leading food exporting countries like the United States and Brazil, have been consistently 'ignored or hidden from view'" (59). Why? "The power of food and beverage giants helps to explain this practice" (59). Although the reader may know examples that run counter to this position, the authors present only one side of the issue. The rest of the chapter moves this way: set up a straw man, shoot down the straw man, and offer no counterpoint.Thankfully, they leave their personal politics out of the next few chapters, which continue promisingly. In chapter 4, they use The Man Who Fell to Earth, Soylent Green, and The Hunger Games to skillfully demonstrate a new subgenre of sci-fi: films that show "foodways representation to explore the problem of increasingly scarce resources." The heart of these dystopian worlds "is a critical food or water shortage" (108). The title character in The Man Who Fell to Earth "seeks water for his family on a dying planet" (108). …

Heroic Qualities of the Primary Avengers in the Marvel Cinematic Universe

This paper examines what makes the superhero team Avengers in the Marvel’s Cinematic Universe a group of remarkable people rather than a chemical mixture that can cause devastation. The focus of this paper lies on the primary avengers such as Captain America, Iron Man, and Thor. This paper delves into what they have in common, how they differ from each other, and what make them heroes. In addition, this paper compares a traditional hero character, Rambo, with these primary avengers arguing that making a sacrifice and making a choice of meaning rather than being are how they overcome the emotion of fear. In order to do this, this paper engages Helen Block Lewis’s findings about the connections between the emotion of shame and the act of violence. Additional researches about this issue and other related issues are examined as well. In addition, Lacan’s argument is used to explain the primary avengers’ choice of meaning instead of being.

Socio-Ethical Implications of Implantable Technologies in the Military Sector [Guest Editorial

The military sector has been investing in nanotechnology solutions since their inception. Internal assessment committees in defense programmatically determine to what degree complex technologies will be diffused into the Armed Forces. The broad term nanotechnology is used in this Special Issue of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine to encompass a variety of innovations, from special paint markers that can determine unique identity, to RFID implants in humans. With the purported demand for these new materials, we have seen the development of a fabrication process that has catapulted a suite of advanced technologies in the military marketplace. These technologies were once the stuff of science fiction. Now we have everything from exoskeletons, to wearable headsets with accelerated night vision, to armaments that have increased in durability in rugged conditions along with the ability for central command without human intervention. Is this the emergence of the so-called supersoldier, a type of Iron Man?

Effect of Interaction Between Noise and A1166C Site of AT1R Gene Polymorphism on Essential Hypertension in an Iron and Steel Enterprise Workers.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the interaction of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism and occupational noise on the occurrence of essential hypertension (EH) in steel and iron enterprise men workers.Methods:A case control study of 935 iron and steel enterprise men workers was conducted, which included 312 cases of hypertension and 623 cases without hypertension. The noise at the workplace was assessed. Polymorphism of AT1R of the workers was examined using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:Polymorphism of AT1R (AC+CC vs. AA, odds ratio [OR] = 1.760, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.061∼2.920) and noise (greater than or equal to 85 dB(A),OR = 1.641, 95%CI: 1.225∼2.198) were independent determinants of EH using multivariate Logistic regression. Compared with AA carriers without noise, AC+CC interacted with noise (OR = 2.519, 95%CI: 1.254∼5.062) based on the multiplied model.Conclusions:AC+CC genotype of AT1R and noise were the risky factors of EH. These factors also interacted with each other.

Blackpool on the Picket Line: Hard Times Goes Viral in Nineteenth-Century America

Tracing the reception of Charles Dickens’s Hard Times and its doomed millworker Stephen Blackpool through nineteenth-century American print culture, the essay shows how a conservative text and character were radicalized and repurposed to suit an audience grappling with the shift to a predominately industrial economy. A contextual reading of their reception reveals the novel’s function as a tool of social reform for a society caught between two contradictory impulses: an embrace of the working class and a worship of capitalism. The linguistic adoption of dialogue and characters; the contextualization of Hard Times alongside labor fiction such as Frederic Whittaker’s Larry Locke, Man of Iron, or, A Fight for Fortune: A Story of Labor and Capital , Rebecca Harding Davis’s “Life in the Iron Mills,” and Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward 2000–1887 ; and the deletion of key passages on unionization from a dime novel reprint all demonstrate how nineteenth-century American audiences retooled a popular English novel for their own radical purposes.

"The Books We All Read": The Golden Age of Children's Book Illustration and American Soldiers in the Great War

"The Books We All Read":The Golden Age of Children's Book Illustration and American Soldiers in the Great War Vanessa Meikle Schulman (bio) After Kenneth Gow's (1889–1918) death on the battlefield, his former Sunday school teacher wrote to the fallen soldier's captain, who was compiling a book of letters and reminiscences on the young man's life. In thinking back on Gow's life, his teacher, W. Henry Grant, recalled of the teenaged Gow that, in addition to field trips to cultural and historical sites, he was "greatly stimulated by the books we all read: Men of Iron, Treasure Island, Robin Hood, Knights of King Arthur." This "playful and yet serious" student, who was drawn to "those things which interest boys," was killed in action at the Battle of the Selle in October 1918 (Letters of a Soldier 439). But in his earlier life as a schoolboy in Summit, New Jersey, he was reading the classic works of the American "Golden Age," an outpouring of high-quality illustration that peaked between about 1880 and 1910. The books cited by Grant as comprising the reading material of average teenage boys at the turn of the twentieth century had a powerful impact on those boys' socialization into manhood, their understanding of male bonding, and their interpretation of a shared Anglo-Saxon past inspired by myths and tales from British history. Images, stories, and themes from these books reinforced an ethos of masculine chivalry and a spirit of boyish adventure that enabled young American soldiers to find common cause with their allies during the war. Though readers may presume that the theme of this special issue includes only those works produced during or about the war, studying the books and illustrations that soldiers accessed in their formative years, prior to the outbreak of war, is equally important for understanding the relationship between literature and the Great War. The works Grant cited in his memories of the boys in Sunday school were part of the emergence of a more specific market for juvenile literature [End Page 204] in the late nineteenth century. The leader in the field of high-quality illustration for this literature was Howard Pyle, an artist and author who trained a second generation of American illustrators, a group that included N. C. Wyeth, Charlotte Harding, Frank Schoonover, and Stanley Massey Arthurs. Focusing on stories of pirates, knights, and adventurers, the members of this group created vivid illustrations for the emergent children's literature of the day. The books Grant referred to as forming the core reading material of New Jersey schoolboys in the first decade of the twentieth century were Men of Iron (1891), a tale of medieval knighthood written and illustrated by Pyle; the classic pirate story Treasure Island (1883), written by Robert Louis Stevenson and issued in a 1911 American edition illustrated by Wyeth; several versions of the Robin Hood story, notably Pyle's The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood (1883) and Eva March Tappan's Robin Hood, His Book (1903), illustrated by Harding; and many retellings of the Arthurian legends, including Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur (1880) with illustrations by Alfred Kappes, William Henry Frost's The Knights of the Round Table (1897), illustrated by Sydney Richmond Burleigh, and several volumes written and illustrated by Pyle beginning with The Story of King Arthur and His Knights (1903). In addition to these titles, Wyeth produced illustrated editions of Stevenson's Kidnapped (1913) and The Black Arrow (1916) and his own versions of Robin Hood (1917) and Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur (1917). As a group, these texts and their vivid illustrations appealed to readers over the period of roughly three decades that coincided with the formative years of most of the young men of the World War I generation. These works forged a visual and literary embodiment of chivalrous manhood that would be emulated by America's World War I soldiers, most of whom were born between 1880 and 1900. We may approach these books through the concept of readership, defined by Sarah Wadsworth as "large groups of readers joined through shared literacy practices" (9; see also Anderson 9–46...

Rhetorical construction of political leadership in social media

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how political leaders can rhetorically use social media to construct their leadership, with a special focus on character – rhetorical ethos.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a qualitative case study which consisted of two political leaders’ activities on Twitter. The leaders were chosen on the basis of similarity – both foreign ministers in Scandinavian countries and early adapters to ICT. All tweets, including photos, for selected period were analyzed qualitatively with the classical rhetorical concept of ethos.FindingsSocial media is the virtual square for political leadership. The two political leaders studied use social media similarly for rhetorical means and aims, with ethos as rhetorical strategy. The rhetorical ethos they constructed differs radically though: busy diplomat vs a super-social Iron man. There is no single constructed ethos that political leaders aim for.Research limitations/implicationsEven though this is just one qualitative case study, it shows a variety of rhetorical means and constructs of ethos in political leadership.Practical implicationsThe study shows a possibility for political leaders to construct their own image and character through social media, for a potentially large audience of voters, without being filtered by political parties or media.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the evolving area of rhetoric in leadership/management and it adds to knowledge about how political leaders use social media.

Semi professional digital camera calibration techniques for Vis/NIR spectral data acquisition from an unmanned aerial vehicle

ABSTRACTUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral digital cameras are very effective in spectral information obtainment. In order to check the radiometric response of the multispectral digital camera and provide better target’s spectral dynamics investigation, the used camera must be carefully calibrated in laboratory and field conditions. This article aimed to achieve the radiometric calibration of a multispectral Vis/NIR camera attached to an UAV, using as reference a hyperspectral sensor. First, a laboratory calibration, under controlled conditions, was performed. Then, a field calibration with no controlled conditions was accomplished. Finally, a cross calibration between laboratory and field data was developed. Multispectral Fujifilm S200-EXR digital camera, sensible to infrared spectrum radiation and 8 bits of radiometric resolution (256 digital numbers (DNs)) and Fieldspec 3 Jr spectroradiometer (ASD Inc.), with spectral resolution of 3 nm between 350 and 1400 nm and 30 nm between 1400 and 2500 nm were used for spectral data acquisition. Six tarpaulins were used as reference targets. In laboratory, reference values were collected by Fieldspec 3 Jr and photographs of the reference targets and Spectralon panel were taken with no optical filter and using seven optical filters, which block the visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) radiation in different intensities. In field, reflectance values were collected by the hyperespectral sensor on ground level and Vis/NIR images were taken using two identical Fujifilm S200-EXR cameras coupled to a Tarot Iron Man 1000 octocopter (UAV) at 200 and 600 m flight altitude on 22 January 2016 in clear weather conditions. All models and calibrations equations obtained by the correlation of DNs and reflectance values were significant to the Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05). As in laboratory as well as in field, for red, green, blue, and NIR bands were obtained great correlations (r > 0.90) except for red band in laboratory (r = 0.88). The cross calibration (laboratory vs field) obtained models for red, green, blue, and NIR bands presented high Pearson coefficients (r > 0.90). Under these circumstances, the calibrations models for red, green, blue, and NIR bands, point out the potential of cross calibration such way that the reference target’s reflectance values can be acquired in laboratory and, from digital images obtained by cameras attached to UAVs, DNs in field conditions can be collected, making able the easy obtainment of trusty spectral information.

Book Interview: A nuts and bolts history of engineering

Although virtually unknown today, the early 19th century innovator Henry Maudslay changed the face of engineering and paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. David Waller's new book 'Iron Men' explains how.

Media-Morphosis. Intermediality, (Re-)Animation and the Medial Uncanny in Tsukamoto Shinya’sTetsuo: The Iron Man(1989)

AbstractOperating self-sufficiently on the fringes of the Japanese film industry for almost his entire career, the work of independent filmmaker Tsukamoto Shinya1 is perhaps best-known for its uncompromising, musical freneticism, as well as its corporeal spectacle. However, Tsukamoto’s dynamic clashing of visual media signifiers, such as those of theatre and television (industries within which he also operated prior to his film career during the 1980s), and how these impact upon his reflexive cinematic style, has yet to be fully considered. Drawing on Laura Mulvey’s conception of the ‘uncanny’ in response to cinema’s potential to confuse animate and inanimate, as well as Tsukamoto’s own under-discussed background in experimental street theatre and television advertising production, this essay seeks to examine Tsukamoto’s unique method of stop motion photography within his signature, self-produced featureTetsuo: The Iron Man(1989). The intention is to show that these hyperbolic sequences instil not only an uncanniness in their live-action subjects, who are rendered inanimate then reanimated to form staccato, cyborg characters, but also a ‘medial uncanny’ that simultaneously emulates and subverts the qualities of a vast range of visual media, particularly television and its associated post-medial peripherals and artefacts.

‘Limbitless Solutions’: the Prosthetic Arm, Iron Man and the Science Fiction of Technoscience

Early last year, a non-profit organisation called ‘Limbitless Solutions’ modelled a 3D printed prosthetic arm on a fighting suit that features in the popular superhero film series, Iron Man (2008–2013)....

Digital technologies and reforging the iron men

Digital technologies not only to transform the social and cultural reality; they are making changes in the human nature. Therefore, it makes sense to speak about Silicon Race (SiRace). Iron men descend from the world history scene. This process is irreversible, but realizing in emerging with the prospects and the risks that accompany them, we can direct the efforts to ensure that reforging the iron men will be successful

Cell-in-Shell Hybrids: Chemical Nanoencapsulation of Individual Cells.

Nature has developed a fascinating strategy of cryptobiosis ("secret life") for counteracting the stressful, and often lethal, environmental conditions that fluctuate sporadically over time. For example, certain bacteria sporulate to transform from a metabolically active, vegetative state to an ametabolic endospore state. The bacterial endospores, encased within tough biomolecular shells, withstand the extremes of harmful stressors, such as radiation, desiccation, and malnutrition, for extended periods of time and return to a vegetative state by breaking their protective shells apart when their environment becomes hospitable for living. Certain ciliates and even higher organisms, for example, tardigrades, and others are also found to adopt a cryptobiotic strategy for survival. A common feature of cryptobiosis is the structural presence of tough sheaths on cellular structures. However, most cells and cellular assemblies are not "spore-forming" and are vulnerable to the outside threats. In particular, mammalian cells, enclosed with labile lipid bilayers, are highly susceptible to in vitro conditions in the laboratory and daily life settings, making manipulation and preservation difficult outside of specialized conditions. The instability of living cells has been a main bottleneck to the advanced development of cell-based applications, such as cell therapy and cell-based sensors. A judicious question arises: can cellular tolerance against harmful stresses be enhanced by simply forming cell-in-shell hybrid structures? Experimental results suggest that the answer is yes. A micrometer-sized "Iron Man" can be generated by chemically forming an ultrathin (<100 nm) but durable shell on a "non-spore-forming" cell. Since the report on silica nanoencapsulation of yeast cells, in which cytoprotective yeast-in-silica hybrids were formed, several synthetic strategies have been developed to encapsulate individual cells in a cytocompatible fashion, mimicking the cryptobiotic cell-in-shell structures found in nature, for example, bacterial endospores. Bioinspired silicification and phenolics-based coatings are, so far, the main approaches to the formation of cytoprotective cell-in-shell hybrids, because they ensure cell viability during encapsulations and also generate durable nanoshells on cell surfaces. The resulting cell-in-shell hybrids extrinsically possess enhanced resistance to external aggressors, and more intriguingly, the encapsulation alters their metabolic activity, exemplified by retarded or suppressed cell cycle progression. In addition, recent developments in the field have further advanced the synthetic tools available to the stage of chemical sporulation and germination of mammalian cells, where cytoprotective shells are formed on labile mammalian cells and broken apart on demand. For example, individual HeLa cells are coated with a metal-organic complex of ferric ion and tannic acid, and cellular adherence and proliferation are controlled by the programmed shell formation and degradation. Based on these demonstrations, the (degradable) cell-in-shell hybrids are anticipated to find their applications in various biomedical and bionanotechnological areas, such as cytotherapeutics, high-throughput screening, sensors, and biocatalysis, as well as providing a versatile research platform for single-cell biology.

Hubungan Kekuasaan pada Tokoh Superhero dan Supervillain dalam Film Iron Man 3 (2013): Sebuah Kajian Tematik

&lt;p&gt;This research discusses how superhero and supervillain characters in the film Iron Man 3 (2013) shows a power relation as a form of superhuman superiority. The power relation that occur through the conflict between characters are seen as an establishment of social stratifi cation among superhuman and normal&lt;br /&gt;human / society as cultural study. This study is conducted thematically through characterizations analysis method by comparing the defi nition and ideology on the superhero and supervillain in superhero characters, Iron Man and the Iron Patriot, and supervillain character, Mandarin. This study aims to fi nd the root of power relation to the establishment of class structures in the society. By reviewing the defi nition and ideology on these characters, this study is expected to give a broader view of superhuman characters and help the reader to understand the value delivered from superhero character. As a conclusion, the potrayals of the superhero and supervillain characters in the film Iron Man 3 (2013) as the highest power owner have a function to limit and control the values in the society.&lt;/p&gt;

Automation should be like Iron Man, not Ultron

The "Leftover Principle" requires increasingly more highly skilled humans.

Iron Man Suitcase

Iron Man Suitcase is a new portable system and an advanced feature of an Iron Man Suit that can fold itself into a suitcase and can be deployed almost anywhere for use. It utilizes various advanced mechanism and motors to unpack by itself to assemble into Iron Man Suit. Unlike traditional Iron Man Suit, it does not has interlocking large plates instead it has inter-weaving bands of small plates, lowering defenses, but allowing it to be collapsed into a much smaller size, roughly the size of a suitcase, when not in use. Iron Man Suitcase is a sophisticated system designed to carry, protect and charge armors. In many ways the case is a subset of the armor using many of the same technologies to keep the suit mobile.

Iron Man Thrust Boots

Iron Man Thrust Boots or Iron Man Jet Boots is one of the hard tasks to work on it (because of its compactness and complex design) with today’s technology but it’s not impossible either. To start with Iron Man Thrust Boots consist of major components that are Thrust, Fuel, Control, Stability and Steering. Thrust can be attained by hybrid thruster technology and gyro stabilizers, hydrogen can be used for the fuel and flight can be accomplished with an advanced control systems that works similar to the aircraft that run on auto pilot.