Iron Deficiency In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Association between Iron deficiency and hypothyroxinemia in first-trimester pregnant women: A study from a tertiary care hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common nutritional concern worldwide. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy also has harmful effects on both mother and child, such as post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, low-birth weight, pre-term labour and abruptio placenta. Few articles have shown an association between ID and hypothyroidism. Aims: To evaluate the association between hypothyroidism, hypotriiodothyroninemia and ID in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2019 at JSS Hospital, a Tertiary Care Teaching and Research Hospital attached to JSS Medical College in Mysuru City, South India. Five hundred consecutive pregnant women aged 18–45 years in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited. A venous blood sample of approximately 5 mL was drawn and sent for analysis of haemoglobin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and serum ferritin. T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO antibody and serum ferritin levels were measured by chemiluminescence for all pregnant women. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between ID and T3, T4 and TSH levels. Results: Out of 500 women, nine were excluded because of pre-analytical errors; hence, there were 491 pregnant women in the first trimester. Mean values of T3, T4, TSH and ferritin in the study were 1.45 ± 0.72, 9.29 ± 2.53, 2.37 ± 3.17 and 31.54 ± 30.28. There was a positive correlation between serum ferritin and T4 levels, with a correlation coefficient of 0.135. The scatter plot also showed a linear relationship between serum ferritin and T4 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin, T3 and TSH levels. Linear regression analysis also showed an association between ferritin and T4 levels, with a significance of 0.003. Linear regression analysis was insignificant for TSH, T3 and serum ferritin levels. Conclusion: ID anaemia (IDA) is associated with hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the causal association between hypothyroidism and IDA. Iron therapy might improve thyroid parameters in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and ID without thyroxine, which requires further research.

Iron deficiency therapy in pregnant women: advantages and new possibilities of iron carboxymaltose

Introduction. Impact of iron deficiency on pregnancy outcomes appears an urgent issue despite generally accepted standards of therapy. Iron needs increase during pregnancy and manifestations of its deficiency reduce QoL in pregnant women and worsen newborn health. Ferric carboxymaltose helps overcome iron deficiency in a quick and efficient manner from the 2nd trimester.Aim. To analyse the results of ferric carboxymaltose therapy of iron deficiency conditions in pregnant women.Materials and methods. In this article we presented our own experience in providing ferric carboxymaltose therapy to treat iron deficiency in 152 pregnant women from the 2nd trimester.Results and discussion. Correction of anaemic syndrome was observed in more than 73.3% (up to 93.3% depending on the severity of primary anaemia) as early as the first week after administration of ferric carboxymaltose. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels at 3 week post-infusion were significantly higher than pre-infusion levels (p < 0.001). Improvement of haemoglobin levels at 6 weeks after initiation of therapy was achieved in all women with mild anaemia and in 98.5% of women with severe anaemia. No definite severe hypersensitivity reactions were detected. The overall incidence of side effects was 10.5%, with headache being the most frequently reported type (7.9%). All pregnancies resulted in a live birth without malformations; the rate of preterm birth was 9.5%.Conclusion. Ferric carboxymaltose is an effective drug to quickly correct iron deficiency in pregnant women with a minimum number of adverse reactions and without negative impact on newborn health.

Iron deficiency in pregnant women: effect on offspring neuropsychic development

Increasing evidence indicates that adversities in utero and early childhood can have long-lasting effects on physiological and mental health not only in childhood but also in adulthood. Micronutrient deficiency, and in particular iron deficiency, is one of the most significant factors. Based on literature data, to determine the effect of iron deficiency in pregnant women on the neuropsychological development of infants, as well as to determine a cohort of pregnant women who need iron supplements. The search was conducted in MEDLINE (from PubMed), EMBASE (from OVID), Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2010 to December 2023 without language restrictions. Data were extracted. Primary outcomes included iron deficiency, serum ferritin less than 15 μg/L in pregnant women, perinatal outcomes, and development of children in infancy. The data of serum ferritin in umbilical cord blood in newborns were compared with the serum ferritin of mothers. Data on iron supplementation and its effect on perinatal outcomes were assessed. Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy in women without IDA or ID reduces the incidence of iron deficiency anemia at the woman’s due date, reduces the incidence of iron deficiency in fullterm neonates, and reduces the incidence of morbidity in low-birth-weight infants. Iron supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period is a strategy for timely replenishment of ID and prevention of IDA to reduce cerebral iron deficiency in the fetus and newborn. The absence of side effects and high bioavailability, enhanced by ascorbic acid, allow us to recommend SunActive®Fe Bonoferlat as a daily supplement for pregnant and lactating women, according to WHO recommendations.

Inadequate food diversity and food taboo associated with maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia.

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The most common cause is nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency. Adequate nutritional intake from food is essential during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between food access and intake patterns with the incidence of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in the slum settlement in Makassar City. This research is a sub-study of the Indonesian Birth Cohort Study based in Makassar City. This sub-study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 173 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters using total sampling. All data were collected using a structured questionnaire and recorded using KoboToolbox software. Serum ferritin levels were examined for iron status using the ELISA method at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit at Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The statistical data were analyzed using STATA version 14 with Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City was 78%. Logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate food diversity (AOR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.69; P = 0.019) and food taboos (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.26-6.26; P = 0.011) were significantly associated with the incidence. Most pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City experienced iron deficiency. Pregnant women who experience iron shortages have been connected to food taboos and dietary diversity.

Quality Evaluation of the Implementation of the Fe Tablet Program for Pregnant Women at Nasywa Clinic, Kisaran

Globally, the prevalence of iron deficiency remains a significant concern among pregnant women, with an estimated 43.9% affected. The estimated prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women is 49.4% in Asia, 59.1% in Africa, 28.1% in the Americas, and 26.1% in Europe. The prevalence of substance deficiency in pregnant women in Indonesia remains relatively high, and deficiency plays a role in contributing to the high maternal and infant mortality rates observed in the country (Paridah, 2022). According to the Health Office profile (2020), the TTD coverage in pregnant women in North Sumatra Province in 2019 was 92.49%, representing a decline from the 2018 figure of 94.30%. The provincial coverage remains below the performance indicator and target for nutrition improvement activities in 2019, which is 95%. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the provision of TTD in four districts/cities. In Kisaran City, for instance, the coverage rate decreased from 93.30% in 2018 to 92.93% in 2019. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, with the aim of elucidating the phenomenon of implementing the Fe tablet program at the Nasywa Clinic in Kisaran in 2022. The study at Nasywa Clinic in Kisaran involved 50 pregnant women. It evaluated the Fe tablet supplementation program in 2022, revealing that health workers' collaboration in procuring and planning Fe tablets, along with midwives' distribution efforts, were crucial. However, the program's coverage did not meet targets, and pregnant women's compliance in taking Fe tablets was less than optimal.

Deficiency of Iron: A Risk Factor in Pregnant Women in the District Swat

Iron is an essential element for the body. Its requirements increase during pregnancy. Improper use of iron may lead to anaemia in the mother. Anaemia may lead to complications such as abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities in the fetus of pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the iron level and problems associated with iron deficiency in pregnant women in Swat District. Samples were collected from eight hundred pregnant women. The iron status was determined by measuring haemoglobin levels using Sahli’s Method and the Haematology Analyzer. In total, 54 % were anaemic. The age group 41-45 was highly anaemic (100 %) followed by 15-20 (74 %) while the 31-35 age group was the least anaemic (42 %). The Underweight was the highly anaemic group (83 %) and the obese were the least anaemic group (12 %). Pregnant women with second trimester gestational age were the least anaemic (34 %) while the third trimester was the highly anaemic (67 %). It was concluded that iron deficiency is a common issue in pregnant women in District Swat.

Awareness and practices in preventing maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas in Makassar City, Indonesia.

During pregnancy, the body requires more complex nutritional intake. Therefore, problems with fulfilling nutrition during pregnancy occur often. One of the most common nutritional problems in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia, the most widespread micronutrient problem and the most difficult to overcome worldwide. This study aimed to determine awareness and prevention behavior associated with the incidence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in urban slum areas. This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection used KoboToolbox, an Android-based tool. Iron status was examined by serum ferritin level assay using ELISA at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Hasanuddin University Hospital. The prevalence of pregnant women who experienced iron deficiency was 78%. The logistic regression analysis showed that poor awareness (AOR = 3.03, CI 95% 1.26-7.29, P = 0.013) and practices in taking iron enhancers (AOR = 2.85, CI 95% 1.18-6.92, P = 0.020) became the main factors associated with iron deficiency among pregnant women. Poor awareness and practices regarding consuming iron enhancers increased the risk of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in urban slum areas. Iron deficiency is a major health concern for pregnant women, especially those living in slum settlements, which must be addressed. A more optimal healthcare system for pregnant women may reduce the incidence of iron anemia in pregnancy by improving health promotion and optimizing healthcare services.

Upaya Peningkatan Konsumsi Tablet Fe terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil

This study aims to analyze complications in pregnancy and childbirth caused by iron deficiency in pregnant women. The research method uses a literature review with a library approach using existing databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda. The research results show that the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia has not reached the target due to a lack of knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about the importance of blood supplement tablets during pregnancy. In conclusion, efforts to consume fe tablets are influenced by factors that must be improved. Regular visits by health workers and assistance from the family are the most influential factors for improving health education for pregnant women.
 
 Keywords: Pregnant Women, Anemia Prevention, Fe Tablets

Anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases

IntroductionAnemia and iron deficiency are the most common pathologies in pregnancy and associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. As patients with rheumatic diseases are also at high risk for anemia, we aimed to investigate the frequency of anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy in this group and whether anemia is a risk factor for adverse maternal or child outcome. MethodsWe analyzed 368 pregnancies from a German registry for pregnancies in patients with rheumatic diseases (TURIRE) from 2014–2022. Anemia and iron deficiency were defined according to the World Health Organization. Main outcome measures were prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and adverse outcomes. ResultsFrom the 368 patients 61% were diagnosed with a connective tissue disease, 16% with rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 14% with spondyloarthritis, 3% with vasculitis and 7% with other. Prevalence of anemia/iron deficiency was 18%/28% in the first, 27%/51% in the second and 33%/62% in the third trimester. Low hemoglobin levels (OR 0.52) or iron deficiency (OR 0.86) had a negative impact on child outcome. However, lower hemoglobin levels were associated with a lower risk for maternal complications (OR 1.47). ConclusionPrevalence of anemia and iron deficiency is high in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases. Compared to previously published cohorts of the general population from different countries, the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency is distinctly higher. Furthermore, patients with rheumatic diseases already start with impaired iron storage and/or hemoglobin levels. Thus, iron supplementation should be initiated early on in this vulnerable in this patient group.

BENEFITS OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VITAMIN AND MINERAL COMPLEX "VITRUM PRENATAL FORTE" IN THE PREVENTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS AND MINERAL DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY

Non-interventional (observational) studies, which are of great medical and social importance, are one of the methods to assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmaceutical products in routine clinical practice, to clarify the risk profile and benefits of certain therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin and mineral complex "Vitrum Prenatal Forte" in the prevention of hypovitaminosis and mineral deficiency in pregnancy to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. One of the important aims of the large-scale study was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug Vitrum Prenatal Forte in the prevention and treatment of anaemia in pregnant women. This article reviews the epidemiology of iron deficiency, features of iron metabolism, etiology and pathogenesis of iron deficiency in pregnant women and maternity women, approaches to the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia and iron deficiency, methods of prevention and treatment of iron deficiency states.

Reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (ret-he) as a marker of bioavailability of iron in pregnant female- a study of 75 cases in a tertiary care centre

Abstract Background: Anaemia is the most frequent derailment of physiology in the world throughout the life of a woman. Women in the gestational period have a higher risk of presenting with iron-deficiency anaemia. The anaemia may occur due to inadequate intake of dietary iron, greater foetal demand and haemodilution, a physiological anaemia common in pregnant women in which changes in the maternal organism, such as changes in blood volume and factors associated with haemostasis, decrease haemoglobin concentration. The aim of study is to utilize Ret-He as a marker of bioavailability of iron in pregnant female. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study carried out for a duration of 1 years and included total of 75 cases referred to Pathology Department, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College and Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar- Gujarat. Clinical history, RET-He and other important parameters as well as findings of all the concerned pregnant females were collected. Results:Age of pregnant females varied from 19 years to 42 years. Mean age being 25.2 years. The reference ranges of RET-Hewas between 32.1 and 38.8 pg with a median of 34.17 pg. Hb and/or ferritin level were low in 3 pregnant women in 1st trimester with anaemia, 7 in 2nd and in 16 patients in 3rd trimester. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is essential to prevent damage to both maternal and foetal health. In this study, we showed that the RET-He presents an excellent supplementary tool for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Keywords: Anaemia, Iron deficiency, Pregnancy diagnosis, Reticulocytes, RET-He.

Correlation between iron intake and ferritin levels in maternal serum

Background: Iron deficiency in pregnant women is mainly caused by inadequate intake. Iron reserves in the body are stored in the form of ferritin which serves as a clinical marker of the status of the body's iron stores. Ferritin levels will decrease as the gestational age increases. If ferritin levels are low can be diagnosed as iron deficiency. This study aimed to examine the relationship between iron intake and serum ferritin levels in the maternal. The type of study used was an observational analysis with a cross-sectional research design, the study sample was the serum of pregnant women from 40 pregnant women. Research locations at Hermina Hospital, BMC, and Army Hospital. Iron intake using FFQ. The serum was examined using the ELISA method at the Unand Biomedical Laboratory. The test used in this study was the Pearson correlation test. Average iron intake was 28.87±3.78 mg/day, maternal serum ferritin 41±50.97. The association of iron intake with maternal serum Ferritin levels (r=0.836) significantly (p=0.000). The conclusion of this study is that iron intake is associated with maternal serum ferritin levels

Frequency of Tea Consumption among Iron Deficient Pregnant Women

Anemia in pregnancy is a fundamental problem that affects not only the life of the mother, but also the life of the child. Iron deficiency has become one of the most important public health problems, and its prevalence is rising in both developing and developed countries. Objective: To determine the frequency of tea consumption by pregnant women with iron deficiency. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: The study was held in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi for six months from 26th October 2020 to 26th April 2021. Methods: Data were collected prospectively after oral consent was obtained from the patients. 145 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Simple descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation are used to depict quantitative data, whereas frequency and percentage are used to represent qualitative characteristics. To examine the impact of effect modifiers on the outcome variable, stratification was done. A chi-square test was employed after stratification, and a p value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: A total of 145 pregnant patients were enrolled in the study. In our study, the mean age and gestational age were 32.26±8.74 years and 18.45±4.22 weeks. 912 (63.24%) and 53 (36.86%) of 145 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia consumed tea and did not drink it. Conclusion: This study suggests that tea consumption is quite common in our society and plays an important role in iron deficiency anemia. In light of the test results, prompt identification and treatment are recommended. Keywords: Pregnancy, Iron deficiency anemia, Tannin levels and Tea consumption

Prophylaxis With Iron and Folate Supplementation in Pregnancy; A Health Facility-Based Assessment of Its Role for Prevention of Anaemia at Delivery

Objective: Presumptive Iron and folate supplementation, (IFS), for both healthy and irondeficient pregnant women in developing countries, is aimed to ameliorate the high prevalence of maternal anaemia.1 This may be valuable only in selected women.13 Its role for averting maternal anaemia at delivery is therefore analysed.Methodology: The hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 413 ANC attendant parturients, exposed to IFS prior to delivery. Anaemia in pregnancy was classified by specifications of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) using maternal pre-deliveryhaemoglobin concentrations. Maternal haemoglobin concentrations and differential patterns of exposure to IFS were analysed across various maternal and environmental variables with epi info 3.5.4.Results: Parturients were mostly aged 25-34 years and largely exposed to IFS for ≥ 6 months during pregnancy. Anaemic parturients, (typically defined by lower maternal age), initiated ANC attendance later than non-anaemic parturients. Patterns of maternal anaemia varied insignificantly despite differential patterns of duration of IFS and subjectively assessed degree of compliance. Self-reported full compliance with IFS weakly correlated with higher maternal Hgb concentrations. Mean maternal Hgb concentrations remained consistent with mild anaemia irrespective of duration of IFS.Conclusion: Despite weak correlates between maternal anaemia and degree of compliance, the capacity of IFS to prevent mild, moderate or severe maternal anaemia remains unclear.Recommendation: Indiscriminate IFS for all pregnant women, regardless of their Hgb concentrations, should be reviewed while investigation of factors that may underlie maternal non-response to routine IFS should be prioritized.

Anemia in Pregnant Women and Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Living in Mozambique and Portugal: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Introduction: Globally, anemia is still a public health issue faced by people in low and high-income countries. This study gives an overview of published scientific articles related to the prevalence, nutritional indicators, and social determinants of anemia in pregnant women and children aged 6 to 59 months living in Mozambique and Portugal. Methods: We performed a review of scientific literature in April 2021, searching for published indexed articles in the last 15 years (2003–2018) in electronic databases. Subsequently, quality assessment, data extraction, and content analysis were performed. Results: We have identified 20 relevant publications. Unsurprisingly, anemia plays a relevant role in disability and life imbalances for these subgroups in Mozambique compared with Portugal. For both countries, data on anemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women and children aged 6 to 59 months old are either outdated or remain unclear. Similarly, studies on social determinants and anemia are also still scarce. Conclusions: A gap of information on anemia, other nutritional indicators, and social determinants in pregnant women and children between 6 and 59 months of age living in Mozambique and Portugal is highly observed. More research is crucial to help achieve the goals established by the Sustainable Development Goals.

Usia dengan Kejadian Anemia dan Defisiensi Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil

This study aims to describe the iron profile of pregnant women at risky ages in the Kepahiang District. The method used is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 100 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters randomly from 14 working areas of the Public Health Center in Kepahiang Regency. Determination of anemia and iron deficiency status is carried out based on blood sampling to measure hemoglobin levels and serum iron levels. The results showed that most of the respondents (55%) were at risky age and almost all (75%) had anemia and as many as 51 respondents had iron deficiency. The bivariate analysis results obtained a value of p = 0.049 and PR = 2.820 for the relationship between age and the incidence of anemia and p = 0.003 and PR = 3.789 for the relationship between age and the incidence of iron deficiency. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between age and the incidence of anemia and between age and iron deficiency in pregnant women in Kepahiang Regency.
 Keywords: Anemia, Deficiency, Pregnant Women, Age, Iron

Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a major public health problem that causes maternal complications. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety of oral ferrous bisglycinate plus folinic acid supplementation in pregnant women with iron deficiency. Subjects (12–16 weeks of gestation, n = 120) were randomly allocated to receive oral iron as ferrous bisglycinate (equiv. iron 24 mg) in supplement form with folinic acid and multivitamins (test group, n = 60) or as ferrous fumarate (equiv. iron 66 mg iron, control group, n = 60) after breakfast daily. Iron absorption was assessed by measuring fasted serum iron levels at 1 and 2 h immediately after supplementation. Hematological biomarkers and iron status were assessed before intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. Side effects were monitored throughout the intervention. A significant increase in serum iron was seen in both groups (p < 0.001) during the bioavailability assessment; however, the test group increases were comparatively higher than the control values at each timepoint (p < 0.001). Similarly, both test and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant increases in hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001), erythrocytes (p < 0.001), reticulocytes (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001), % transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), and ferritin (p < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months after supplementation. However, in all cases, the test group increases were numerically larger than the control group increases at each timepoint. The test intervention was also associated with significantly fewer reports of nausea, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or metallic taste (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ferrous bisglycinate with folinic acid as a multivitamin nutraceutical format is comparable to standard ferrous fumarate for the clinical management of iron deficiency during pregnancy, with comparatively better absorption, tolerability, and efficacy and with a lower elemental iron dosage.

Baseline Hepcidin Does Not Predict the Response to Iron Therapy in Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency

▪Introduction:Hepcidin, the master regulator of iron economy, is decreased during pregnancy to facilitate adequate iron transfer across the placenta. Conversely, iron need increases substantially during pregnancy often leading to iron deficiency and subsequently anemia. The PREG-01 Study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) ferric derisomaltose (FDI) vs. oral iron in treating persistent iron deficiency in pregnant women. The study found FDI to be efficacious and well-tolerated in pregnancy and the proportion of non-anaemic patients throughout the course of the study was significantly lower in the FDI group. In this analysis, we investigated the effect of baseline hepcidin on the response to IV and oral iron therapy.Methods:PREG-01 was a single-centre, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Women 14-21 weeks pregnant with persistent iron deficiency (ferritin<30 µg/L despite oral iron treatment) received a single intravenous 1000 mg dose of FDI (n=100) or 100 mg elemental oral iron daily combined with ascorbic acid (n=101). Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT%) levels were captured at baseline and monitored throughout the study. The effect of baseline hepcidin on achieving non-anemic status (Hb ≥ 11 g/dL) at all study visits and the effect on change in Hb, ferritin and TSAT% were investigated by estimating odds ratios from a logistic regression model with treatment as factor and interaction between treatment and baseline hepcidin. The odds ratio estimate is for an increment in baseline hepcidin of 1 ng/mL.Results:Mean [standard deviation (SD)] baseline Hb was 11.97 (0.93) g/dL in the FDI group and 11.75 (0.91) g/dL in the oral iron group. Baseline hepcidin was 6.42 ng/mL in the FDI and 5.32 ng/mL in the oral iron group. Baseline hepcidin was not associated with the ability to achieve non-anaemic status either in the FDI (OR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87-1.09) or the oral iron group (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88-1.05). No statistically significant associations were found between baseline hepcidin and change in Hb, ferritin or TSAT% throughout the study (Figure 1).Conclusions:In a population of pregnant women with iron deficiency, but otherwise healthy, baseline hepcidin was overall low. Although there was a trend for an association between baseline hepcidin and Hb response to oral iron only, baseline hepcidin did not predict the response to iron therapy. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare. OffLabel Disclosure:Ferric Derisomaltose is an IV iron preparation indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in the US.

Prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women: A prospective cross-sectional Austrian study.

The aim of the study was to determine, for the first time, in a prospective cross‐sectional multicenter study, the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in an Austrian pregnant population. A cohort of 425 pregnant women was classified into four groups of different weeks of gestation. Group 1 was monitored longitudinally, while groups 2–4, iron status, were sampled only once. Evaluation of the prevalence of ID was performed by comparing the diagnostic criteria of the WHO to the cutoff proposed by Achebe MM and Gafter‐Gvili A (Achebe) and the Austrian Nutrition Report (ANR). In comparison with the ANR, the prevalence of ID was lower in group 1 and higher in groups 2–4 (17.2% vs. 12.17%, 25.84%, 35.29%, and 41.76%, respectively) (p‐values < .01 except group 1). According to WHO, the prevalence in group 1 was 12.17% at inclusion, 2 months later 31.7%, and further 2 months later 65.71%, respectively. According to Achebe, the number of cases doubled; for group 1, the number of cases rose from 13 to 42 (115 patients total); for groups 2–4, we observed an increase from 112 to 230 (340 patients total). This study reported a prevalence of around 12% at the beginning of pregnancy, which increased during pregnancy up to 65%. ID can have a massive impact on quality of life, justifying screening, as iron deficiency would be easy to diagnose and treat.

Социально-экономические выгоды адекватной коррекции дефицита железа у беременных

Социально-экономические выгоды адекватной коррекции дефицита железа у беременных