Iranian Public Research Articles

Perceived Risk Assessment Criteria for Public–Private Partnership Projects in the Water and Sewage Sector: Comparison of Perspectives from Iranian Public and Private Sectors

This research used the SWARA approach to analyze risk assessment criteria for public–private partnership (PPP) projects in Iran’s water and sewage sectors to identify and prioritize the most significant elements influencing project success from public and private viewpoints. Key results show that the public sector considers “risk probability” to be the most important aspect, highlighting the requirement for stability and predictability in project outcomes. In contrast, the private sector prioritizes the “ability to predict and discover risk”, emphasizing efficiently anticipating and managing uncertainty. Furthermore, this study revealed five common major risk characteristics, including “risk manageability” and “uncertainty of risk”; however, their rankings differ per industry, demonstrating various risk prioritizing methodologies. This study is unique in that it focuses only on Iran’s water and sewage infrastructure, an area historically neglected in PPP research, providing a rare investigation of sector-specific hazards as well as the interaction between public and private interests in a developing country environment. The paper makes specific suggestions, calling for more openness, improved communication, and the use of sophisticated risk management techniques to bridge the gap across sectors. These findings not only add to the scholarly knowledge of PPP dynamics in emerging countries but also provide practical recommendations for governments and private investors navigating Iran’s infrastructure issues.

Teachers’ Perceived Work Autonomy in Iranian Public Schools

Teachers’ Perceived Work Autonomy in Iranian Public Schools

Exploring the Challenges of Digital Transformation in the Iranian Public Sector: A Qualitative Study

Exploring the Challenges of Digital Transformation in the Iranian Public Sector: A Qualitative Study

Development and Validation of the Social Entrepreneurship Scale in Iranian Public Libraries

Development and Validation of the Social Entrepreneurship Scale in Iranian Public Libraries

Prioritizing the Challenges of Compensation Methods for Doctors and Nurses in Iranian Public Hospitals

Prioritizing the Challenges of Compensation Methods for Doctors and Nurses in Iranian Public Hospitals

A Study on the Social Responsibilities of Iranian Public Libraries

A Study on the Social Responsibilities of Iranian Public Libraries

Challenges and Solutions in Applying Criminological Teachings in Iranian Public Criminal Law

Criminology, as an interdisciplinary field, can play an effective role in the development and improvement of criminal justice systems. However, in Iranian public criminal law, the application of criminological teachings faces numerous challenges. This article examines these challenges and provides solutions to enhance the use of criminological findings in the Iranian criminal justice system. Some of the key challenges include limitations in the language of criminal laws and their intersection with criminological teachings, insufficient awareness and transparency among judicial actors regarding criminological concepts, the imported nature of criminological theories, the punitive culture of society, and the lack of necessary education in criminological research methods. In contrast, solutions such as the localization of criminological teachings, emphasizing criminological studies, field interviews, and statistical research, raising judges' awareness of the functions of criminology, and applying modern penalties can facilitate the incorporation of criminological teachings into Iranian public criminal law. The aim of this article is to identify obstacles and propose strategies for increasing the connection between criminology and Iranian public criminal law.

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With the Prevention of Corruption: A Qualitative Study Among Iranian Public Employees

Background: Little research has been done to identify the individual‐level factors contributing to the prevention of administrative corruption. Specifically, Iranian public employees are an understudied population in terms of individual and contextual factors that contribute to the prevention of administrative corruption. This study aimed to identify the perception of public servants about the psychosocial factors that facilitate the prevention of corruption.Method: Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 14 individuals working in public sector departments or agencies in Tehran.Results: Six main themes emerged from the data: cognitive characteristics (including “detachment‐promoting thoughts and beliefs” and “consequence‐focused thoughts and beliefs”), emotional patterns (including “deterrent negative emotions” and “deterrent positive emotions”), personality characteristics (including “self‐oriented conservative personality traits” and “other‐oriented prosocial personality traits”), behavioral strategies (including “need‐fulfillment strategies” and “self‐care strategies”), familial background (including “growing up in a rule‐oriented and value‐oriented family” and “living with an honest and supportive spouse”), and organizational context (including “employee monitoring” and “rule‐based and ethical space of the organization”).Conclusion: The study reveals some psychological and contextual factors that could be involved in preventing administrative corruption in Iran. These factors can be taken into consideration when designing preventive measures and policies aimed at reducing corrupt behaviors in public agents and promoting ethics in public service.

Designing of the Health Information Model in Iranian Public Libraries

Abstract This study aims to provide a health information model for public access to reliable and up-to-date information resources at public libraries. The study was based on a Sequential-Exploratory Mixed Methods Design and combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative method was applied for 12 library managers in the health domain as well as officials of the institution of public libraries for whom in-depth and semi-structured interviews were applied. The third group (475 managers of the Iranian public libraries) participated in the quantitative survey. Quantitative results indicated the libraries’ space needs to be extended and the librarians require training courses about health information. Qualitative results, after coding, lead to extraction of ground theory. From the library managers’ point of view, for implementation of this model, a coherent planning and structured memorandum of understanding between public libraries and ministry of health is required. Finally, using the quantitative and qualitative results, the model of health information through public libraries in Iran has been extracted and presented. The present model includes three parts: management actions, strengthen resources, and education. It could be concluded that paying attention on information resources, especially in the field of health information, will lead to an increase in the level of awareness in the society, and consequently health status and quality of life of the people will improve. Thus, considering the variations in the referred people to the libraries, presentation of a health model in the field of health information in public libraries could be promising.

Identification and Prioritization of Critical Factors Affecting the Performance of Iranian Public Hospitals Using the Best-Worst Method: A Prospective Study.

In the ever-changing healthcare environment, policymakers and managers need a comprehensive evaluation system to accurately identify and prioritize factors affecting hospital performance. The present study aimed to identify and rank critical factors affecting hospital performance using the best-worst method (BWM). A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2016-2019 to identify and prioritize factors affecting the performance of Iranian public hospitals using the BWM. Initially, the content validity ratio (CVR) was used to screen the identified factors. Then, using a linear programming formula, a pairwise comparison between the best/worst criterion with all other identified criteria was performed. The most important internal factor was efficiency, and its associated indicators were mainly related to financial factors. Among all external factors, the most prominent were economic, legal, and political factors, which were negatively affected by budgeting policies and the payment system. A megatrend was also identified in the form of a national health insurance system as well as a shift from employer-based to government-subsidized insurance coverage. External factors (economic and political) had a greater impact on the performance of public hospitals than internal factors (efficiency and effectiveness). A preprint of this study was published at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-453223/v1 with doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-453223/v1.

Iranian Public Libraries Can Improve Self-Efficacy in Information Literacy, Especially When School Library Instruction Is Not Preparing Students for Lifelong Learning Readiness

A Review of: Leili, S., Maryam, H., & Mohsen, A. (2020). The effect of information literacy instruction on lifelong learning readiness. IFLA Journal, 46(3), 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035220931879 Abstract Objective – To examine the efficacy of information literacy skills instruction on the lifelong learning readiness skills of Iranian public library users. Design – Pre- and post-test experiment. Setting – Two public libraries in Iran. Subjects – Thirty (30) high school students who were active users of two Iranian public libraries. Methods – Thirty (30) participants were randomized into two groups, one of which received information literacy training for seven weeks, while the other group acted as a control. Participants were assessed via three instruments in information literacy and readiness for lifelong learning prior to and at the completion of the training program. The workshops included basic library skills, recognizing needed information skills, information source skills, Internet skills, Internet searching skills, resource instruction, database skills, and general searching skills. Results of pre- and post-test assessments were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Main Results – The group that received information literacy instruction showed increased readiness for self-directed learning, readiness to overcome deterrents to participation, and improved information literacy. The control group did not show an increase in readiness to respond to triggers for learning or an overall increase in lifelong learning readiness. Conclusion – Information literacy instruction can improve elements of lifelong learning readiness in regular library users. Public libraries in Iran should begin long-term planning to implement this training.

Designing a Management Model for Outsourcing Non-Clinical Services in Iranian Public Hospitals

Designing a Management Model for Outsourcing Non-Clinical Services in Iranian Public Hospitals

Identification and Prioritization of the State-of-the-Art Technologies in the Management of Iranian Public Libraries

Identification and Prioritization of the State-of-the-Art Technologies in the Management of Iranian Public Libraries

Needs and expectations of the elderly from Iranian Public Libraries: A national survey

Needs and expectations of the elderly from Iranian Public Libraries: A national survey

Web-based Application Programming Interface (Web APIs): Vacancies in Iranian Public Library Websites

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are software tools that help different programs work together. APIs can improve an organization's presence on the Web with tools that integrate various useful, popular programs. This study aimed to identify appropriate web-based APIs used by the most popular public library websites for presentation on Iranian public libraries’ websites. For this purpose, we conducted this study in two stages: In stage one, Web APIs were identified by reviewing the websites of the top public libraries in the world. Then, in stage two, using the obtained results, important Web APIs were selected utilizing experts' opinions (the heuristic method). In stage one, the 30 Web APIs in two categories were identified: 10 public Web APIs and 20 private Web APIs. Then, in stage two, 7 public APIs and 17 private Web APIs for these websites were selected, based on expert analysis. The results of this study can be used to improve the design of public library websites and enhance the communication of such websites' presence on the Web.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Among the Iranian Public People During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Several studies indicate a high prevalence of depression around the world during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a valid instrument to capture the depression of an individual in this situation is both important and timely. The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among the public during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.Method: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Iranian population (n = 600) from April to July 2020. A two-part online form was used: sociodemographic characteristics and depression items (CES-D). The construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated.Result: The results of the exploratory factor analysis illustrated two factors with 43.35% of the total variance of the depression were explained. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this model fits well. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated, and it was acceptable.Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that, in the Iranian sample, this depression scale yielded two factors (somatic and positive affects) solutions with suitable psychometric properties.

Analyzing household's environmental behavior on solid waste management and its relations with population and housing characteristics (The case: Amlash city, Iran)

The amount of wastes generated in cities is on constant increase and these wastes are becoming more diverse and hazardous. The quality of waste management (QWM), therefore, has become more challenging due to its direct impact on environment and human health. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate QWM in Amlash city, Iran and its relation to population and housing indicators (PHI). PHI data were sourced from the GIS files of Iranian Public Census of Population & Housing in 2016 and the QWM data were collected from a population sample through a questionnaire. Study findings indicate QWM of below satisfactory in this city. Comparatively, neighborhoods off the downtown and main street were of a much improved QWM that the inner city. In addition, PHI did not have a significant relationship with QWM indicators

Identifying Barriers of International Students’ Admission in Iranian Public Universities

Identifying Barriers of International Students’ Admission in Iranian Public Universities

Biorhythm Management Modeling of Iranian Public School Principals with Fuzzy Delphi Approach

Biorhythm Management Modeling of Iranian Public School Principals with Fuzzy Delphi Approach

A Social Responsibility Model with an Ethical-Strategic Approach for Iranian Public Organizations

A Social Responsibility Model with an Ethical-Strategic Approach for Iranian Public Organizations