Iranian Authors Research Articles

The Protestant Reformation as an Islamisation of Christianity in the Thought of Ziya Gökalp and Ali Shariati

Following Ziya Gökalp and Ali Shariati’s assertion that Protestantism arose due to the influence of Islam in Europe in the Middle Ages, this study discusses the different discourses elaborated by the Turkish and Iranian authors based on this idea. The controversies surrounding modernity, westernization, colonialism, and Islam were a constant in their writings, despite the different geographical and historical circumstances. This paper discusses the logic of Gökalp and Shariati’s claim that Protestantism was Islamized Christianity. The aim is to provide a detailed perspective on how this claim illuminates their broader thinking about civilization, culture, and religion.

Sadeq Hedayat’s vegetarianism: a few notes on the representation of vegetarianism, animals and animal rights in Sadeq Hedayat’s Favāʾid-i giyāhkhārī (The benefits of vegetarianism) and Insān-u ḥayvān (Human and animal)

ABSTRACT Sadeq Hedayat (1903–1951) is an Iranian author known for his short stories and his novel Būf-i Kūr (The Blind Owl). An intellectual from an influential family, Hedayat traveled abroad at a young age and became a vegetarian in his youth. He wrote the essay Insān-u ḥayvān (Human and animal) in 1924, when he was only 21 years old. His later essay Favāʾid-i giyāhkhārī (The benefits of vegetarianism, 1927) is understood to be the more mature version of the ideas on animal rights presented in the essay of 1924. This article explores the contents, socio-historical context and the background of Insān-u ḥayvān and Favāʾid-i giyāhkhārī, focusing in particular on the way in which Hedayat represents vegetarianism and the rhetoric he employs to advocate animal welfare in relation to his perception of the human world.

New York-letters: An Ode to New York, a Panegyric to Persia

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that a significant number of Iranians have lived in or visited the United States for more than half a century, they have produced very few accounts of their lives in or visits to the country. In the last decade, however, a number of narratives of travel to the United States have been published by Iranian authors, of which professor Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi’s New York-Letters merits special attention. This paper analyzes Kazzazi’s text to highlight its distinctive features as a travelogue, which have led to the work claiming its own place among contemporary Iranian narratives of travel to America. More specifically, this study argues how, especially as a narrative in verse, the book challenges some of the conventional modes of travel writing; how it engages in its own mode of defamiliarising not only its content (that is, the all-too-familiar New York), but also the book’s own epitext; how the author exploits a vast array of images from the repertoire of classical Persian literature to narrate New York; and, finally, how the ode narrative is interrupted to shift from the poet’s account of New York to a lengthy panegyric to Persia.

Modern Iranian fiction in the Soviet Union: Translation and representation

During the Soviet era, the works of 55 contemporary Iranian authors were translated into Russian and published in the Soviet Union. Prefaces and afterwords, usually written by Iran scholars, provided the Soviet reading audience with a paradigm for perceiving the translated novels and short stories. This paper aims to offer an analytical survey of the history of the translation of modern Iranian fiction into Russian and to trace the major trends in the representation of the translated works. The thematic range of translated works correlated with the domestic political agenda and the changes in Soviet-Iranian relations, as well as with the current state of Soviet Iranian Studies. The influence of personal tastes and connections of certain Iran scholars engaged in the process of translation can also be detected. Generally, the translations of contemporary literature of Iran were to demonstrate that Iranian intellectuals were aware of the flaws of their society, and eager to choose the more humanistic values of the socialist countries. Before World War II, the translators were mainly interested in the socio-political aspect of the works. After the war and before the thaw in Soviet-Iranian relations, translators focused mainly on social satire. In the 1960s – early 1980s, many works of the most prominent Iranian writers of the period were translated into Russian. In the early 1980s, these translations were viewed as a means of understanding the reasons for the Iranian upheaval. The novels and short stories of Iranian modernists, as well as other ideologically inappropriate works, remained untranslated.

Citation analysis and mapping of genetics research in Iran

Purpose Genetics, a discipline of biology, is one of the most recent and rapidly advancing disciplines in science. This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis of the genetics research output of Iranian authors, map the intellectual structure of these studies and investigate the development path of this literature and the interrelationships among the main topics. Design/methodology/approach This study searched the Web of Science database for documentation of Iranian-published genetics research published up to 2020. Further, this study used HistCite software to profile and analyze the most cited articles and references and to draw their historiographies. Findings A database search revealed 21,329 documents that created the study population. The highest cited publications based on the Global Citation Score (GCS) and Local Citation Score (LCS) achieved scores of 602 and 47, respectively. The publication growth rate study demonstrated consistent expansion over time. The scientific maps based on LCS and GCS had five and four clusters, respectively. Furthermore, journal articles emerged as the predominant type of publication. Practical implications The significance of this study is in its contribution to understanding the genetics research position in Iran, informing policymakers and researchers, helping scientific collaboration and its impact on public attitudes and quality of life. The results of the present study, with benefits for various groups of communities, such as policymakers, academic groups and public society, can bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical implications. Social implications The results of this study, by helping future advancement in health care, medical genetics and disease prevention, may have a direct and indirect positive influence on the quality of life. Furthermore, it may lead to more informed discussions on health care and biotechnology as well as influencing public attitudes and perceptions. Originality/value Ultimately, this study concludes that despite the proliferation of publications in terms of quantity and complexity, especially in areas such as disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment, there remains a need for more attention to other facets of genetics such as biology and biotechnology. Iranian publications are most related to population genetics, human genetics, molecular genetics, medical genetics, genomics, developmental genetics and evolutionary genetics out of 10 branches of genetics. This study reveals patterns in scientific outputs and authorship collaborations and plays an alternative and innovative role in revealing Iranian research trends in genetics.

Research impact in randomized controlled trials of diabetes: an altmetric approach.

This study aimed to assess the impact of research in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of diabetes and explore the various subject areas related to diabetes that receive attention on social media platforms. Altmetric measures were utilized to collect and extract relevant data, providing valuable insights into the social reach and influence of clinical research beyond traditional citation-based metrics. The research focused on RCTs of diabetes involving at least one Iranian author, indexed in Scopus. Altmetric.com was employed to extract altmetric data, and the collected articles were categorized into 14 subject areas for individual analysis using STATA. The analysis revealed that a majority of the diabetes studies examined nutrition, complications, treatment, genetics, basic mechanisms, and comorbidities of the disease. Conversely, subject areas such as diagnosis, education, gestational diabetes, psychology, physical activity, prevention, dentistry, and economics had fewer studies associated with them. Among social media platforms, Twitter, Facebook, Google+, and Reddit emerged as the most frequently mentioned platforms. Furthermore, Mendeley readership was identified as the preferred platform for engagement across several subject areas. The substantial number of social media mentions indicates a significant level of public interest and concern regarding diabetes. Social media platforms serve as effective tools for disseminating research findings from clinical trials. Altmetric data proves valuable to researchers and funding agencies seeking to comprehend the impact of their work, enabling them to allocate resources more effectively.

Bibliometric Analysis and Thematic Distribution of Occupational Safety Books in Iran

Background and Objective: Occupational safety is an important and significant issue that helps maintain the health and safety of employees and prevent occupational accidents and injuries. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing and analyzing books related to occupational safety. Materials and Methods: The current research employed a descriptive and bibliometric methodology. The research population included all the books registered on the National Library website from the beginning to the end of March 2023 using keywords such as safety, occupational accidents, and fire safety. The data were analyzed using Excel (version 2016) and Minitab (version 19.2020.1). Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that a total of 2,617 book titles were published by the end of March 2023. Furthermore, the trend of book publishing has been generally increasing over the last five decades. The majority of the published books were in the subject categories of general safety (17.7%), fire (11.9%), as well as crisis management and emergency response (7.94%). Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that safety is a crucial concern in the industry and workplace, and Iranian authors have devoted significant attention to this field by writing various books. To enhance the quality of published books, authors are advised to conduct regular research, consult with experts in the field of occupational safety, assess industry needs through communication, engage with book audiences and gather feedback, and plan for updates to their published works.

Native experts and reputable journals as points of reference: A study on research-article discussions

The current study sought to compare the rhetorical moves and steps that native-English-speaking and Iranian authors of research articles (RAs) employ in writing up the ‘discussion’ sections of their RAs. It was hypothesized that the latter group is not as proficient in writing RA discussions as the former group. A total of 66 (N=66) RA discussions from three reputable international academic journals and three Iranian journals were sampled from years 2009 to 2019. This corpus was then analyzed by three human coders who used Yang and Allison’s (2003) rhetorical move analysis model for scoring the sampled RA discussions. Results showed stark differences between Iranian and native RA writers; the majority of the rhetorical moves and steps that are considered obligatory or conventional by the native group are seen as options by the Iranian group. With the native group and the reputable international journals being the standard points of reference, it was concluded that Iranian authors of RAs lack the professional knowledge and expertise prerequisite to writing standard RA discussions. It is recommended (a) that non-native authors of RAs receive professional training for writing standard discussions, and (b) that journal editors be more sensitive to rhetorical moves and steps before they accept a submission for publication.

Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology in Light of Classical Persian Literature

This paper aims to present a tentative analysis of the possible commonalities and differences between Adlerian individual psychology and classical Persian literary texts of the pre-modern period written by mystics Abu Saeed Abu al-Khair, Jami, Saadi, and Rumi. The authors put forward the suggestion that modern psychological approaches, especially those dealing with education of children, might be rooted in the teachings of Iranian mystics. In mysticism and classical Iranian literature, like in Adlerian psychology, much attention is given to human nature in its entirety and personality development. The analysis focuses on such core aspects of Adler’s theory as the feeling of inferiority and the striving for recognition, the influence of family and social environment on personality development and lifestyle. It is shown that, like Adler’s individual psychology, classical Persian texts stress the importance of the social aspect in the child’s development but while Adler believed in the freedom of choice and people’s creative power to change their personality structure (lifestyle), the classical Iranian authors emphasized the existence of a certain “true nature” that cannot be influenced by education or social environment. These findings can inspire future research into the possible connections between the holistic personality theories in modern psychology and the philosophical thought in classical Persian literature.

Bacterial Ocular Infections in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Eye infections can be caused by several microorganisms and the most common causative bacterial agents are staphylococci, streptococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, viridans group streptococci, and P. aeruginosa as the cause of ocular infections in Iran. We conducted a systematic search on the studies published by Iranian authors from January 2000 to December 2020 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Eligible studies were selected according to the defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Statistical heterogeneity between and within groups was estimated by the Q-statistic and I2 index. The funnel plots, Duval and Tweedie trim, and fill methods were obtained to evaluate the evidence of publication bias. Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. According to the meta-analysis results, the prevalence of S.epidermidis was 19.1% (95% CI: 12.5-28.1). It was estimated 6.9% (95% CI: 4.4-10.6), 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6-9.6), and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.8-5.8) for P.aeruginosa, S. aureus, and viridans streptococci, respectively. S. epidermidis is the prevalent bacterial agents responsible for eye-associated infections in Iran.

A review of existing literature on competitive intelligence and insurance markets

Competitive intelligence (CI) involves monitoring competitors and providing organisations with actionable and meaningful intelligence (Ranjan & Foropon, 2021). This paper aims to examine current trends in the CI and insurance literature. A qualitative approach with an exploratory-driven design was used to examine CI-related articles. A systematic literature review found 24 publications from 2008 to 2022. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Journal articles were obtained from Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Publications were classified according to journal, publication year, article count, citations and methodology. The findings showed that Iranian authors produced more CI-related academic articles focusing on insurance. Only a few CI studies in insurance have been published in other countries. The global insurance industry’s CI research was underdeveloped, with articles scattered across various journals. Two South African authors contributed multiple articles. Research in this area needs to be tested more thoroughly before maturity can be achieved. Furthermore, most of the studies the authors reviewed were quantitative. Mixing research methods could contribute more substantive theoretical contributions. In addition, more studies need to investigate the use of data analytics tools and conceptual frameworks for theory testing.

The Boochani effect: Public feelings and the limits of refugee authorship

ABSTRACT The mediagenic publicity of the multiple prize-winning Kurdish Iranian author Behrouz Boochani has elevated him to an emblematic status for the struggles of refugees, and his 2018 book, No Friend but the Mountains, into a mega-text. These promotional strategies are marked by the mutation of humanitarian awards into convertible cultural capital in the Australian literary field. This article argues that the dissemination of Boochani’s image is qualified with a surplus of affect – in both registers of affectation and of feeling – in the public domain. What I term the “Boochani effect” mobilizes a large number of actors in the cultural sphere to engage with the burgeoning interest in refugee writing, while emphasizing Boochani’s position as simultaneously an “Australian” and a “refugee”. Boochani’s work and author-persona thus generate a “disciplinary trouble”, a problem of taxonomy that both refracts and resists the limits of the mechanisms of identity-making for the refugee writer.

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

The prevalence of phylogenetic group of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strain isolated from farm animals in Iran: a meta-analysis study

Background: The study of the prevalence of the phylogenetic group in the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain isolated from farm animals is valuable for epidemiology aspects; therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of the phylogenetic group in STEC isolates obtained from farm animals in Iran. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases. The search investigated articles published by Iranian authors to the end of December 2020. Analysis of data was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (Biostat Company). To estimate the pooled prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), the random-effects model was used. Results: Our comprehensive search identified nine studies with eligibility criteria subjected to the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of phylogroup A was 21% (95% CI: 10–38). There was significant heterogeneity among the nine studies (χ 2 = 92.52; P < 0.001; I 2 = 91.35%). Additionally, the pooled prevalence of phylogroups B1, B2 and D among the nine studies was 63, 3, and 9%, respectively. The subgroup analysis results based on healthy and diarrheic cases indicated that the rate of phylogroup A in healthy and diarrheic samples was 27 and 2%, respectively. For phylogroup B1, this rate was 55 and 88% in healthy and diarrheic samples, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrated that domestic animals might be the possible reservoirs of STEC in the studied population. Comparison of the phylogroup characteristics of the STEC strain obtained from different sources exhibited a partial genetic diversity in isolates, and there was heterogeneity among the studies in terms of phylogenetic groups. This study provides important information about STEC regarding the phylogenetic characteristics

The Persian Face of Edgar Allan Poe

Abstract This article examines the reception of Edgar Allan Poe in modern Persian literature with regard to his fiction and theory of writing. There have been scattered pieces written on Poe’s influence on Iranian poets and writers in Persian or English, but this article aims to offer a fairly comprehensive picture of Poe in Iran in general with a focus on his influence or affinities with two leading Iranian authors, Sadeq Hedayat and Sadeq Chubak, as far as female characters are concerned. The article at first surveys how Poe was introduced into Persian literature and then it studies personal, social, political, and historical backgrounds in classical and modern Persian literature that determined men’s taking a misogynous approach. A comparative study of representative works of Hedayat and Chubak reveals conscious alignment with Poe’s ideas. Confessionary monologues, gloomy atmosphere, and the lack of proper dialogues between men and women mark their writings. The article concludes that although patriarchy has been responsible for these two writers’ failures to overcome gender stereotypes, their acquaintance with Edgar Allan Poe had its impact on aggravating such tendencies.

Native English and non-native authors’ utilisation of lexical bundles: A corpus-based study of scholarly public health papers

: This study examined the use of lexical bundles in the results and discussion sections of public health research articles (RAs) by comparing the native English writers with Iranian non-native English writers. To this end, four-, five-, and six-word lexical bundles were contrastively investigated in two different sub-corpora i.e. a native English corpus (NEC) and a non-native English corpus (NNEC). The corpus contained 496 985 words, and each sub-corpora included 100 RAs. The RAs were then examined structurally and functionally. The data were analysed both quantitatively, using frequency count and chi-square analyses, and qualitatively through content analysis. Based on the results, from among the lexical bundles, 29 four-word, 17 five-word, and one six-word bundles were identified in the NEC, while 52 four-word, 27 five-word, and five six-word bundles were found in the NNEC. The findings highlight that Iranian non-native English authors employed more four-word, five-word and six-word lexical bundles than native English authors. The descriptive and overall findings also suggested some differences in the two groups’ functional and structural patterns of lexical bundles, whereas statistically insignificant differences were identified in the structural patterns of bundles in the groups. These findings lay considerable emphasis on the central part that lexical bundles play in English for academic purposes (EAP) and English for specific purposes (ESP) courses.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions (Mental-Educational) on the Quality of Sleep Among Patients With Chronic Diseases in Iran During 2003-2021: A Meta-Analytic Study

Aims The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of psychological interventions (mental-educational) on the quality of sleep among patients with chronic diseases in Iran during 2003-2021. Methods & Materials The current study is a meta-analysis in terms of purpose. The population included all master’s and PhD. dissertations and theses, studies published in scientific journals, and studies published by Iranian authors living abroad. The instrument applied for the analysis of the data was the meta-analysis checklist, and the stages of the meta-analysis were conducted according to the technique proposed by Howitt and Cramer (2005). Findings After investigating 57 studies, 31 studies including 1813 participants were found to meet the entry criteria. The results showed that the total effect size is 0.99. The compound level of significance related to the studies was found to be P<0.0001, which indicated the significance of the total effect sizes obtained in the psychological studies on the quality of sleep among patients with chronic diseases. Conclusion The effect size of the psychological interventions conducted on the quality of sleep among patients with chronic diseases in Iran is high according to Cohen’s table. Hence, implementing this novel therapeutic approach can be considered an effective method in the enhancement of the quality of sleep in patients with chronic physical disease.

Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) 6. Accumulated Experience in the Treatment of Lesions with Poisonous Nerve Agents

The Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988) was the first modern war in which chemical weapons were used. The purpose of this work is to summarize the experience of treating victims, affected by nerve agents. The publications of Iranian authors in different scientific journals were used for the preparation of the article. The first use of chemical weapons by the Iraqi army occurred in August 1983 in Kurdistan (sulfur mustard). Nerve agent (tabun) was first used on February 29, 1984 in the battles for the Majnun Islands. In total, 140 tons of tabun and about 600 tons of sarin / cyclosarin were used against Iranian troops during the war. Around 5.5 thousand servicemen died directly from the nerve agents. For one dead from tabun, there were at least 7 poisoned people who needed qualified toxicological assistance; lethal outcomes among servicemen affected by the herd amounted to at least 15%. Military personnel without protective equipment, who received large doses of nerve agents, lost consciousness within 30 seconds and died in positions within a few minutes. The most sensitive to such agents were women, children and the elderly, who accidentally fell under a chemical attack. The use of nerve agents by the enemy was accompanied by panic in the troops and the arrival of a huge number of military personnel in critical condition at medical stations. Sweating, fasciculations and miosis were the first clinical signs by which those affected by such toxic agents were recognized. The effectiveness of antidote therapy (atropine + oxime + diazepam) depended on the time of medical care. The most effective was the use of atropine by titration (fractional intravenous drip) to achieve ease of breathing, absence of bronchospasm, disappearance of secretions from the respiratory tract and heart rate >80 beats/min. The oximes turned out to be not effective in the treatment of those poisoned by tabun. The most effective was degassing by physical removal of toxic chemical. Degassing of the affected had to be carried out by washing with sea or river water, using solutions of chlorine-containing household chemicals, and sprinkling with dry earth

Necessity for Improvement of Qualitative and Quantitative Contents of Persian Wikipedia in Field of Mental Health

Wikipedia is one of the most important online sources of information that can be edited by any one. About 80% of people in developed countries use the Internet to search for mental health information, which generally includes disease symptoms, illnesses, and treatment methods. Existing studies have reported varying degrees of quality for mental health information on the Wikipedia website. To our knowledge, there is no study on the quality of information on the Persian version of Wikipedia, especially in the field of mental health. Due to the importance of Wikipedia for Internet users, the main purpose of this letter is to present a brief report on the Iranian authors' efforts in improving the quality and quantity of mental health information on the Persian Wikipedia. This can a step to promote the general knowledge of the community about the mental health.

Historiography of Azerbaijan first half XVIII century in the works of Iranian authors

Historiography of Azerbaijan first half XVIII century in the works of Iranian authors